20,000 B.C., the peak of the last ice age--the atmosphere is heavy with dust, deserts, and glaciers span vast regions, and people, if they survive at all, exist in small, mobile groups, facing the threat of extinction.
Animal and plant domestication in the Andes, and coastal foragers, 10,500-5000 BC 30 A Double-Take in the Oaxaca Valley
Early farming in South and Central Asia; the domestication of cotton, 7500-5000 BC 44 Vultures of the Zagros
A culture known as Badarian is represented as early as 5000bc in Upper Egyptian settlements.
By 3500 bc, the settlement of Hierakonpolis, located on the west bank of the Nile between Luxor and Aswān, had become a central site of Predynastic culture—that is, the culture that existed before the time of the first Egyptian dynasties, or families of rulers.
The Egyptians were able to regain control in 404 bc, but their last native dynasties ruled under conditions of internal discord and continual external conflicts.
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