 Ball and hollowpoint 9mm Luger rounds The 9 mm Luger pistol cartridge (9 x 19 mm Parabellum, 9 x 19 mm NATO) was designed by firearms designer Georg Luger. It has become the most widespread pistol cartridge in the world. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Jump to: navigation, search For the coin, see pistole For the part of a flower, see pistil. ...
Rimmed, centerfire . ...
A firearm is a kinetic energy weapon that fires either a single or multiple projectiles propelled at high velocity by the gases produced by action of the rapid confined burning of a propellant. ...
Georg Johann Luger (born March 6, 1849 in Steinach am Brenner, Austria - died December 22, 1923) was the designer of the famous Luger pistol. ...
It also is widely used in a variety of carbine-type rifles by civilians, and has been the dominant submachine gun cartridge since during World War II.
Development
Based upon his earlier 7.65 mm Luger pistol cartridge, Georg Luger designed the 9 mm Luger cartridge at the German company Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionsfabriken (DWM) and presented a 9 mm version of his Pistole Parabellum to the British Small Arms Committee in 1902 via Vickers Limited. Three 9 mm Pistole Parabellum prototype pistols were delivered to the US Army for testing at Springfield Arsenal in mid 1903. The German military showed an interest in a 9 mm version of the Parabellum in March 1904. The word "Parabellum" comes from the Latin phrase "si vis pacem, para bellum" or "if you want peace, prepare for war". The cartridge was created simply by removing the bottleneck of the 7.65 mm Luger cartridge resulting in a tapered rimless cartridge. The 7. ...
Deutsche Waffen und Munitions Fabriken, known as DWM, was an arms company in Imperial Germany created when Ludwig und Loewe merged with several other companies. ...
Jump to: navigation, search M1900 American Eagle Commercial For other uses of the word see Luger A Luger (Pistole Parabellum), is a toggle lock pistol based on principles by Hiram Maxim. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1902 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Vickers, founded as the Vickers Company in 1828, was a British manufacturer, primarily of military equipment. ...
Prototypes or prototypical instances combine the most representative attributes of a category. ...
From 1794 to 1968 the Springfield Armory was a center for the manufacture of U.S. military small arms and the site of many important technological advances. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The original design was a full metal jacket (FMJ), truncated cone bullet weighing 8 g (124 gr). In Germany, this load was replaced with 124 grain (8.0 g) FMJ bullets with a round ogive in 1915-1916, but truncated cone bullets continued to be used on commercial loads and in the United States. Jump to: navigation, search Full Metal Jacket (1987) is a film by Stanley Kubrick based on the novel The Short-Timers by Gustav Hasford. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 0. ...
A grain is a unit of mass equal to 0. ...
In ballistics or aerodynamics, an ogive is a pointed, curved surface used to form the approximately streamlined nose of a bullet, shell, missile or aircraft. ...
Post-World War I (WWI) 9 mm pistols were adopted by a number of countries, and post-WWI acceptance of this caliber spread even more rapidly. Jump to: navigation, search World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...
To conserve lead, during World War II (WWII) in Germany the lead core was replaced by an iron core encased with lead. A black bullet jacket identified this bullet and it was designated as the 08mE (mit Eisenkern or "with iron core"). Another war-time variation, designated as the 08SE bullet and identified by its dark gray jacket, was created by compressing iron powder at high temperature into a solid material (Sintereisen or "sintered iron"). Jump to: navigation, search World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th-century conflict that...
Sintering is a method for making objects from powder, increasing the adhesion between particles as they are heated. ...
A special load (identified either by an “X” on the headstamp or by a green lacquered steel case) with a 150 gr (9.7 g) FMJ bullet with a subsonic muzzle velocity for use with silencers was produced by the Germans during WWII. Other countries also developed heavy bullet, subsonic loads for use with silenced guns.
The 9 mm Parabellum cartridge has been manufactured by, or for, more than 70 different countries and, today, has become the world’s standard pistol cartridge, being the standard pistol caliber for NATO and the militaries of most countries of the world.
After WWII, the common weight of the 9 mm was changed to 8.0 g (124 gr) to increase the accuracy of the 9 mm Luger ammunition. Bullet weights up to 9.5 g (147 gr) are available.
Design - Case material -
Brass: Since 1902, the common construction material of 9 mm cases has been brass. For appearance, durability, or identification cases have been nickel or copper plated or painted. Jump to: navigation, search Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, a solid-solid solution. ...
Aluminium: To conserve brass, aluminum cases have been produced since 1941 (Switzerland) and the development of that material in the use of the 9 mm has continued and is in use today. Jump to: navigation, search General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass 26. ...
Steel: Various countries have experimented with the use of steel for the construction of 9 mm cases since WWI. It has met with very little success but is still being produced and is available today from Russia. Jump to: navigation, search The old steel cable of a colliery winding tower Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. ...
Other materials: Plastics have been widely used in the production of 9 mm ammunition by a number of countries.
Performance The 9 mm Luger cartridge combines a flat trajectory with moderate recoil, and fair stopping power. Its main advantages lie in its small size and low use of resources for manufacturing. Its main disadvantages are its tendency to overpenetrate and small wound cavity size when nonexpanding bullets are used. There are many anecdotal reports of soldiers being shot with 9 mm FMJ (nonexpanding) bullets in the extremities and not even realizing it, or at least not being slowed down. Like many battle reports these are difficult to prove or disprove. A trajectory is an imagined trace of positions followed by an object moving through space. ...
The recoil when firing a gun is the backward momentum of a gun, which is equal to the forward momentum of the bullet or shell, due to conservation of momentum. ...
It is a good small game cartridge for the handgun hunter.
Because it is inexpensive, easy to manufacture and effective enough for most uses, it has become the most used pistol cartridge in the world. In the U.S. 9 mm remains a very popular civilian cartridge for self-defense and handgun target shooting, due to its low cost, modest recoil, and the huge number of handguns available in this chambering.
For police use, it is mainly used with higher speed overpressure (+P) expanding (hollowpoint) bullets which are intended to increase stopping power. The 9 mm cartridge was extremely popular for police use in the 1980's and early 1990's but fell out of favor, a result of marginal results in some shootings, likely due to the relatively primitive bullets available at the time, and the introduction of the .40 S&W cartridge that was perceived to be better in all ways. There is a neverending controversy in the United States over the suitability of 9 mm as a police and self-defense cartridge.
Muzzle velocity: - 7.5 g (115 gr) Full Metal Jacket: 390 m/s (1280 ft/s)
- 8.0 g (124 gr) Full Metal Jacket: 360 m/s (1180 ft/s)
Synonyms - 9 mm
- 9 mm NATO
- 9 x 19 mm
- 9 x 19 mm NATO
- 9 mm Parabellum
- 9 mm Para
for the French rock group see Parabellum (band) The term parabellum comes from the Latin for prepare for war. The term is often heard in relation to ammunition – for example, nine millimeter parabellum. Parabellum ammunition is designed to be legal under international law; usually this means that rounds are full...
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