The Abenaki (also Wabanaki) are a Native American tribe located in the northeastern United States. Religious ceremonies are led by shamans, called Medeoulin (Mdawinno). Abenaki wigwam with birch bark covering The Abenaki (also Wabanaki), meaning people of the dawn, are a tribe of Native Americans/First Nations belonging to the Algonquian peoples of the Northeast portion of North America. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... The shaman is an intellectual and spiritual figure who is regarded as possessing power and influence on other peoples in the tribe and performs several functions, primarily that of a healer ( medicine man). The shaman provides medical care, and serves other community needs during crisis times, via supernatural means (means...

The history of the Abenaki people is divided into three time periods. In the first, the Ancient Age, humanity and animal-life are undifferentiated. In the second, the Golden Age, animals are still humans, but quantitatively different. In the third, the Present Age, animals and humanity are totally differentiated.

Beings of the Ancient Age

• Ato-sees (also Atosis) - a Medeoulin who is both snake and human, forces people to find a stick so that he can cook them with it, was blinded by Moosbas
• Az-ban (also Azeban) - raccoon or wolverine trickster spirit
• Kee-wakw - a gigantic, forest-dwelling cannibal
• Kee-zos-en - the solar deity, an eagle whose wings opened to create the day, and closed to cause the night-time
• Keeta-skog (also Peeta-skog) - a snake-spirit who fights the Pa-don-gi-ak
• K-tsee Awa-soos - the first four stars of the Big Dipper are the Great Bear, who is chased every night by four hunters; he is killed every fall and his blood drips to earth turning the leaves brown while the constellation turns upside down; it is righted, and he is reborn, every spring
• Mat-gwas - a rabbit spirit, first (one of magic) the rabbit, the very first Medeoulin (shaman), legendary founded of the Meda Society of Magic
• Metee-kolen-ol - a race of evil wizards with hearts of ice
• Nanom-keea-po-da - subterranean spirit who causes earthquakes
• Nee-ben - a woman whose stunning beauty forces Pe-ben to retreat to the north; she represents summer
• P-mol-a (also Bmola, Pomola) - a bird and night spirit who takes prisoners to Alomkik, near Mt. Katahdin and causes cold weather
• P-son-en - an eagle-spirit that makes snow by opening his wings
• Pa-don-gi-ak - seven white-skinned, golden-haired brothers, half-human and half-bird, former inhabitants of Lake Champlain, war-like (battles Keeta-skog), thunder and lightning spirits.
• Pe-ben - (also Pebon) a powerful sorcerer who puts his audience to sleep when he tells stories, spirit of winter
• See-gwen - a young male who loved the season of summer, and brought her to the north every spring
• Tabal-dak (also Tabaldak) - the androgynous creator of existence
• Wa-won-dee-a-megw - a snail spirit that can live in trees, on land or in the water, as well as change size and appearance to look like a huge snake, alligator or scaly man; has horns which can be ground into a magical powder
• Wad-zoos-en - the eagle that flaps his wings to create wind
• Wassan-mon-ganeehla-ak - a race of people who play games with a ball of light, causing the Aurora Borealis

Azeban is a lower-level trickster spirit in Abenaki mythology. ... A solar deity is a deity who represents the Sun. ... Ursa Major is a constellation visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. ... Bmola Also known as Pomola, Bmola is a bird spirt that appears in Abenaki mythology. ... Bmola Also known as Pomola, Bmola is a bird spirt that appears in Abenaki mythology. ... Bmola Also known as Pomola, Bmola is a bird spirt that appears in Abenaki mythology. ... Mount Katahdin is the highest mountain in Maine. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain, named for the French explorer Samuel de Champlain, who encountered it 1609, is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in Quebec. ... Tabaldak is the androgynous creator among the Abenaki. ... Tabaldak is the androgynous creator among the Abenaki. ... Aurora borealis Polar aurorae are optical phenomena characterized by colorful displays of light in the night sky. ...

Beings of the Golden Age

• Oodzee-hozo - ("the man who created himself") a man who lived before the invention of legs. He dragged his body around, creating mountains, valleys and rivers (in this early form, he is referred to as Bemee-geedzin-pobi-zeed), as well as Lake Champlain, which is holy to the Abenaki. Odzihozo turned himself into a stone in the middle of the lake and is said to inhabit Rock Dunder (west of Burlington, Vermont).
• Tool-ba - foolish turtle spirit, uncle of Gluskab
• Pla-ween-noo - turtle spirit, mother of Gluskab, patron spirit of the Sokwakis
• A-gaskw (also Nokemis) - woodchuck spirit, grandmother of Gluskab, very wise
• Moos-bas - mink spirit, adopted son on Gluskab, powerful fletcher, sometimes fulfills wishes
• Mool-sem - one of Gluskab's dogs, the white one, could shrink or enlarge himself
• M-da-weelh-ak - a loon spirit in the form of a dog, Gluskab's messenger, one of his dogs, the black one, could shrink or enlarge himself
• A-senee-ki-wakw - a race of stone giants, the first people Gluskab created but then destroyed because they crushed other animals and injured the earth with their great size

Mount Cook, a mountain in New Zealand A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... Fljótsdalur in East-Iceland A valley is a landform, which can range from a few square miles (square kilometers) to hundreds or even thousands of square miles (square kilometers) in area. ... For the Second World War frigate class, see River class frigate The Murray River in Australia A river is a large natural waterway. ... Landsat photo Lake Champlain, named for the French explorer Samuel de Champlain, who encountered it 1609, is a large lake in North America, mostly within the borders of the United States (states of Vermont and New York) but partially situated across the US-Canada border in Quebec. ... Burlington, Vermont Burlington is a city in, and the shire town of, Chittenden County, Vermont. ... A-gaskw is a very wise woodchuck-spirit of the Abenaki. ... The A-senee-ki-wakw are a race of stone giants in Abenaki mythology. ...

Gluskab and Malsumis

Tabaldak, the creator god, made humans and then Gluskab (several variants of whom were associated with different branches of the Abenaki, including Glooscap, Glooskap, Gluskabe Klooskomba, Nanabozho) and Malsumis sprang from the dust on his hand. Gluskab and Malsumis both had the power to create a good world, but only Gluskab did so. Malsumis still seeks evil to this day. After Tabaldak created humans, the dust from his hand created Gluskab and sometimes he also created Gluskabs twin brother, Malsumis. ... Glooscap is a mythical hero, god, and transformer of the Abenaki and Mikmaq Algonquian First Nations peoples. ... Nanabozho (also known as Manabush, Nanabozo, Winabozho, Wenabozho) is a spirit in Chippewa mythology. ... In Abenaki mythology after Tabaldak created humans, the dust from his hand created Gluskab and sometimes he also created Gluskabs twin brother, Malsumis. ...

Gluskab founded the Golden Age of the Earth by rendering the evil spirits of the Ancient Age smaller and safer, as well as teaching humanity how to hunt and fish, build shelter and all of the Abenaki's knowledge of art, invention and science. Gluskab's departure ended the Golden Age, though he is prophesied to return and renew it again.

Me-koom-wee-soo was Gluskab's assistant and wields an ivory bow. He has a fierce temper and gains weight as he gets more angry; eventually, it is said, he sinks into stone. Gluskab and Me-koom-wee-soo had an archery contest once; Me-koom-wee-soo fired an arrow into the top of Mt. Washington, creating a pond, while Gluskab's arrow created a hole in the sky that was then called msatawa (the Evening Star). Mount Washington (formerly Agiocochook) is, at 6,288 ft. ...

Gluskab realized the strain hunters can cause on an ecosystem. He asked a woodchuck spirit for help, and she gave him all the hairs off her belly, woven into a magical sac. This is why woodchucks have bald bellies. Gluskab then went to a mountain, where Tabaldak had placed a huge eagle (Pomola) that made bad weather by flapping its wings. After binding it, Gluskab realized some wind was necessary and loosened them slightly. Gluskab saved the world from a frog monster that swallowed all the planet's water. When Gluskab cut open the monster's belly, some animals jumped into the water and became fish. Some modern Wabanaki believe that Gluskab is angry at white people for not obeying his rules. In ecology, an ecosystem is a naturally occurring assemblage of organisms (plant, animal and other living organisms—also referred to as a biotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a loose unit. ... This article is about the mammal. ... Genera Several, see below. ... Bmola Also known as Pomola, Bmola is a bird spirt that appears in Abenaki mythology. ... Pobblebonk, Australia Frogs are amphibians in the Order Anura, which includes frogs and toads. ... Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, the most abundant fish species in the world. ...

Beings of the Present Age

• Alom-bag-winno-sis a mischievous, aquatic creature that upsets canoes
• Alom-begwi-no-sis - an aquatic dwarfish race of men that can increase or decrease body size at will; they also own a pot which can transform a few kernels of maize into a huge quantity; seeing one supposedly foretells a death by drowning
• Ask-wee-da-eed - a fire-elemental, identified as a will o' the wisp, that brings bad luck and death, also connected with comets and meteors
• Atsolowas - a trickster.
• Awa-hon-do z- insect spirits that bite humans
• Awes-kon-wa - a small, flying sprite, associated with the Mohawk tribe
• Batsolowanagwes - a benign trickster
• Bedig-wajo (western Abenaki) or Ktaden (eastern Abenaki) - a culture hero
• Chibaiskweda - marsh gas, supposedly caused by the ghost of an improperly buried corpse
• Do-gakw-ho-wad - small men who prop the jaws of animals open with sticks in order to avoid being eaten
• Dzee-dzee-bon-da - a monster, so ugly that even he is terrified of his own appearance
• Ko-gok - another monster
• Lo-lol - a frightening monster
• M-ska-gwe-demoos - a swamp-dwelling woman, dressed in moss with moss for hair; she cries alone in the forest and is potentially dangerous
• Maski-mon-gwe-zo-os - a toad creature, seduces men and children and kills them, appears either as a partridge or a woman dressed in moss, with a belt made of arborvitae bark
• Meek-moos-ak - a pair of short twins who seduce women, who are then cursed to never desire marriage, kills hunters during the winter, possibly a personification of the Mi'kmaq tribe
• N-dam-keno-wet - a half-fish, half-human creature with a small face and long hair, molests bathing women
• P-skig-demo-os - a female creature, P-skig-demo-os slays men and children
• Pak-zin-skwa - an ugly, old woman
• Pim-skwa-wagen-owad - small, aquatic, pinching creatures
• Pok-wejee-men - small creatures, created from the bark of the ash tree
• Tsa-tsamolee-as - the noisy, clownish fool
• Tsi-noo - a person whose heart is made of ice and has no soul; he eats the souls of others for sustenance and strength
• Wana-games-ak - river-dwelling creatures with faces so narrow, they are essentially two-dimensional, friendly creatures that warned the Abenaki of coming attacks

Canoe at El Nido, Philippines A canoe is a relatively small human-powered boat. ... Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ... A will o the wisp or ignis fatuus (fools fire) is a ghostly light sometimes seen at night or in twilight hovering over damp ground in still air. ... Comet Hale-Bopp, showing a white dust tail and blue gas tail (February 1997) A comet is a small astronomical object similar to an asteroid but composed largely of ice. ... A burst of meteors A meteor is the visible path of a meteoroid that enters the Earths (or another bodys) atmosphere, commonly called a shooting star or falling star. ... The Kanienkehaka, or Mohawk tribe of Native American people live around Lake Ontario and the St. ... In the study of mythology, folklore and religion, a trickster is a god, goddess, spirit or human hero who breaks the rules of the gods or nature, sometimes maliciously (for example, Loki) but usually with ultimately positive effects. ... A culture hero is a historical or mythological hero who changes the world through invention or discovery. ... Genera Ansonia Atelopus Bufo Capensibufo Crepidophryne Dendrophryniscus Didynamipus Frostius Laurentophryne Leptophryne Melanophryniscus Mertensophryne Nectophryne Nectophrynoides Nimbaphrynoides Oreophrynella Osornophryne Pedostibes Pelophryne Peltophryne Pseudobufo Rhamphophryne Werneria Wolterstorffina The true toads are amphibians in the Bufonidae family. ... Genera Perdix Alectoris Lerwa Bambusicola Ptilopachus Rollulus Haematortyx Caloperdix Arborophila Xenoperdix Melanoperdix †See also Pheasant, Quail, Grouse Partridges are birds in the pheasant family, Phasianidae. ... Subclasses Andreaeidae Sphagnidae Tetraphidae Polytrichidae Buxbaumiidae Bryidae Archidiidae Moss is a type of simple or non-vascular plant, of the class Musci, in the division Bryophyta, that have rhizoids instead of true roots. ... Species Thuja occidentalis Eastern Arborvitae, Thuja occidentalis, a species of thuja, is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to the northeastern US and southeastern Canada, from central Saskatchewan east to New Brunswick, and south to eastern Tennessee in the Appalachian Mountains. ... BARK (Bin r Automatisk Rel Kalkylator) was completed in February 1950 at a cost of 400. ... The Mikmaq (also Míkmaq, Micmac, Migmaw; in Quebec, Migmaq) are a Canadian First Nations people indigenous to northeastern New England, Canadas Maritimes, and the Gaspé Peninsula of the province of Quebec. ... Species Many, see text. ...

External link

• the Ndakinna Wilderness Project