Adelaide South Australia
Looking south at the Adelaide skyline
Population:	1,146,119 (2006)[1] (5th)
• Density:	615/km² (1592.8/sq mi)
Established:	28 December 1836
Area:	1826.9 km² (705.4sq mi)
Time zone:  • Summer (DST) The name Adelaide (French: Adélaïde or Adélaide) can refer to: Places: Adelaide, South Australia. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities, and provides rankings for each. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ...	ACST (UTC+9:30) ACDT (UTC+10:30) Australia (ACST—Australian Central Standard Time) New South Wales Broken Hill**, Northern Territory, South Australia** Categories: Time zones ... In mainland Australia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three time zones: Australian Eastern Standard Time EST/AEST (UTC+10), Australian Central Standard Time CST/ACST (UTC+9:30) and Australian Western Standard Time WST/AWST (UTC+8). ...
Location:	729 km (453 mi) NW of Melbourne 1408 km (875 mi) West of Sydney 2700 km (1678 mi) East of Perth
Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp Rainfall 22.1 °C 72 °F 12.1 °C 54 °F 600.5 mm 23.6 in

Location of Adelaide within Australia

Adelaide is the fifth most populous city in Australia, with a population of over 1.1 million in 2006,^[2] and is the capital and most populous city of the state of South Australia. It is a coastal city situated on the eastern side of Gulf St. Vincent on the Adelaide Plains, north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, and west of the Mount Lofty Ranges, which rise to around 700 metres (2,300 ft). “km” redirects here. ... “Miles” redirects here. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Location of Perth within Australia This article is about the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... This article is about the unit of length. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Image File history File links Adelaide_locator-MJC.png Summary Map of Australia locating Adelaide. ... Image File history File links Adelaide_locator-MJC.png Summary Map of Australia locating Adelaide. ... This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities, and provides rankings for each. ... Each jurisdiction of Australia has its own capital, where local judicial, administrative and legislative duties are centred. ... The states and territories of Australia make up the Commonwealth of Australia under a federal system of government. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... Gulf St. ... The Adelaide Plains (34°30′ S 138°30′ E) is the area in South Australia between the Mount Lofty Ranges on the east and the Gulf Saint Vincent on the west. ... The Fleurieu Peninsula is a picturesque peninsula located south of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia. ... Mount Lofty Summit The Mount Lofty Ranges are the range of mountains to the east of Adelaide in South Australia, stretching from the southernmost point of the Fleurieu Peninsula at Cape Jervis northwards for over 300 kilometres before petering out north of Peterborough. ...

Prior to British settlement, the area now known as the Adelaide plains was home to the Kaurna Aboriginal peoples. Named in honour of Queen Adelaide, the consort of King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia. Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, is said to have designed the city and to have chosen its location close to the River Torrens. Inspired by William Penn, Light's design set out Adelaide in a grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parkland. The Kaurna (pronounced Garner or Gowna) people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in and around the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. ... Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (Adelaide Louise Theresa Caroline Amelia) ( 13 August 1792 - 2 December 1849 ) as Queen Adelaide was the Queen consort of King William IV of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of Hanover and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 26 June 1830 until his death. ... See New Town for places with that name. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Colonel William Light Colonel William Light (1786 - 1839) was born in Kuala Kedah, Malaya in 1786, an illegitimate son of Captain Francis Light, the Governor of Penang, and Martina Rozells, the so-called Princess of Kedah of mixed Siamese-Portuguese descent. ... The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. ... For other uses, see William Penn (disambiguation). ... The Adelaide Parklands are the parklands that surround the City of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. ...

Early Adelaide was shaped by religious freedom, hence its moniker "The City of Churches,". Today Adelaide is known for its many festivals as well as for its wine, arts and sports. As South Australia's seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the cultural boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street and in various districts of the metropolitan area. North Terrace, looking west from Kintore Avenue Adelaide in 1839 as viewed south-east from North Terrace North Terrace is a street in Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. ... King William Street, looking south towards Victoria Square, circa 1992. ...

History

Adelaide's Tallest Building, Westpac House

The Adelaide Festival Centre

Main article: History of Adelaide

Prior to British settlement, the Adelaide area was inhabited by the Kaurna Aboriginal tribe (pronounced "Garner" or "Gowna"). Acknowledged Kaurna country comprised the Adelaide Plains and surrounding regions - from Cape Jervis in the south, and to Port Wakefield in the north. Among their unique customs were burn-offs (controlled bushfires) in the Adelaide Hills which the early Europeans spotted before the Kaurna people were pushed out by settlement. By 1852, the total population (by census count) of the Kaurna was 650 in the Adelaide region and steadily decreasing. During the winter months, they moved into the Adelaide Hills for better shelter and firewood.^[3][4] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Adelaide Festival Centre The Adelaide Festival Centre is Adelaides first multi-purpose art center. ... Adelaide is the capital city of the Australian state of South Australia. ... The Kaurna (pronounced Garner or Gowna) people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in and around the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. ... Australian Aborigines are the main indigenous people of Australia. ... Cape Jervis is a town at the southwestern tip of Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia at 35°36′ S 138°06′ E, approximately 108 km south of Adelaide. ... Port Wakefield is the first government town to be established north of capital Adelaide in South Australia. ... Backburning in Townsville, Australia to prevent bushfires. ... The Waterfall Gully waterfall in the Adelaide Foothills The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. ...

Adelaide in 1839, looking south-east from North Terrace

South Australia was officially settled as a new British province on 28 December 1836, near the The Old Gum Tree in what is now the suburb of Glenelg North. This day is now commemorated as Proclamation Day in South Australia. The site of the colony's capital city was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia, through the design made by the architect George Strickland Kingston.^[5] In 1823, Light had fondly written of the Sicilian city of Catania: "The two principal streets cross each other at right angles in the square in the direction of north and south and east and west. They are wide and spacious and about a mile long", and this became the basis for the plan of Adelaide. Light chose, not without opposition, a site on rising ground close to the River Torrens, which became the chief early water supply for the fledgling colony. "Light's Vision", as it has been termed, has meant that the initial design of Adelaide required little modification as the city grew and prospered. Usually in an older city it would be necessary to accommodate larger roads and add parks, whereas Adelaide had them from the start. Adelaide was established as the centre of a planned colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution, based upon the ideas of Edward Gibbon Wakefield. Wakefield had read accounts of Australian settlement^[6] while in prison in London for attempting to abduct an heiress, and realised that the eastern colonies suffered from a lack of available labour, due to the practice of giving land grants to all arrivals.^[7] Wakefield's idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen.^[8] Funds raised from the sale of land would be used to bring out working class emigrants, who would have to work hard for the monied settlers to ever afford their own land.^[9] As a result of this policy, Adelaide does not share the convict settlement history of other Australian cities like Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and Hobart. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1460x1156, 384 KB)Adelaide, North Terrace 1839, looking south-east. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1460x1156, 384 KB)Adelaide, North Terrace 1839, looking south-east. ... North Terrace, looking west from Kintore Avenue Adelaide in 1839 as viewed south-east from North Terrace North Terrace is a street in Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. ... is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Old Gum Tree. ... Glenelg North is a suburb of Adelaide, in the City of Holdfast Bay and the City of West Torrens. ... Proclamation Day is the South Australian public holiday that celebrates the proclamation of South Australia as a British colony. ... Photographer Unknown George Strickland Kingston (born August 1807 in Bandon, County Cork, Ireland, died 1880 at sea) arrived in South Australia on the Cygnet in 1836. ... The Roman Odeon. ... Lights Vision, Montefiore Hill Adelaide, City of Squares Map of Adelaide The first surveyor-general of Adelaide, South Australia, Colonel William Light designed a layout and development programme for the city. ... See New Town for places with that name. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Edward Gibbon Wakefield Edward Gibbon Wakefield (20 March 1796 – May 16, 1862) was the driving force behind much of the early colonization of South Australia, and later New Zealand. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Location of Perth within Australia This article is about the metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. ... For other uses, see Brisbane (disambiguation). ... Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. ...

Adelaide's early history was wrought by economic uncertainty and incompetent leadership. The first governor of South Australia, John Hindmarsh, clashed frequently with others, in particular with the Resident Commissioner, James Hurtle Fisher. The rural area surrounding Adelaide city was surveyed by Light in preparation to sell a total of over 405 km² of land. Adelaide's early economy started to get on its feet in 1838 with the arrival of livestock from New South Wales and Tasmania. The wool industry served as an early basis for the South Australian economy. Light's survey was completed in this period, and land was promptly offered to sale to early colonists. Wheat farms ranged from Encounter Bay in the south to Clare in the north by 1860. Governor Gawler took over from Hindmarsh in late 1838 and promptly oversaw construction of a governor's house, Adelaide Gaol, police barracks, hospital, and customs house and a wharf at Port Adelaide. In addition, houses for public officials and missionaries, and outstations for police and surveyors were also constructed during Gawler's governorship. Adelaide had also become economically self-sufficient during this period, but at heavy cost: the colony was heavily in debt and relied on bail-outs from London to stay afloat. Gawler was recalled and replaced by Governor Grey in 1841. Grey slashed public expenditure against heavy opposition, although its impact was negligible at this point: silver was discovered in Glen Osmond that year, agricultural industries were well underway, and other mines sprung up all over the state, aiding Adelaide's commercial development. The city exported meat, wool, wine, fruit and wheat by the time Grey left in 1845, contrasting with a low point in 1842 when one-third of Adelaide houses were abandoned. Captain John Hindmarsh, KH, RN was the first Governor of South Australia, from 28 December 1836 to 16 July 1838. ... Sir James Hurtle Fisher (1790 – January 28, 1875) was a lawyer and prominent South Australian pioneer. ... NSW redirects here. ... Slogan or Nickname: Island of Inspiration; The Apple Isle; Holiday Isle Motto(s): Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Constitutional monarchy Governor William Cox Premier Paul Lennon (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 5  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product... Encounter Bay is located on the south coast of Australia. ... The town of Clare (postcode 5453) is located in South Australia in the Mid North region, 136 km north of Adelaide. ... George Gawler Lieutenant Colonel George Gawler, KH (21 July 1795–7 May 1869) was the second governor of South Australia. ... Adelaide Gaol was an Australian prison located in Thebarton, South Australia, Australia. ... Port Adelaide ( ) is a suburb of Adelaide lying about 14 kilometres northwest of the City of Adelaide. ... For other uses, see Debt (disambiguation). ... George Edward Grey Statue of Sir George Grey in Albert Park, Auckland For other men with a similar name, see George Grey or George Gray Sir George Edward Grey KCB (April 14, 1812–September 19, 1898) was a soldier, explorer, Governor of South Australia, twice Governor of New Zealand, Governor... This article is about the chemical element. ... Glen Osmond is a small suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills. ...

Adelaide General Post Office in 1950

The historic home Carclew

Ayre's House

Trade links with the rest of the Australian states were established with the Murray River being successfully navigated in 1853 by Francis Cadell, an Adelaide resident. Image File history File links Adelaide_town_hall_1950. ... Image File history File links Adelaide_town_hall_1950. ... The term General Post Office is or has been used by a number of postal and telecommunications governmental administrations worldwide, including: United Kingdom until 1969, see Post Office UK. After 1981 see Royal Mail for a continuing history of the British Post Office. ... For other uses, see Murray River (disambiguation). ... Francis Cadell c. ...

South Australia became a self-governing colony in 1856 with the ratification of a new constitution by the British parliament. Secret ballots were introduced, and a bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109,917 people lived in the province.^[10] A self-governing colony is a colony with an elected legislature, in which politicians are able to make most decisions without reference to the colonial power with formal or nominal control of the colony. ... Ratification is the act of giving official sanction to a formal document such as a treaty or constitution. ... Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voters choices are confidential. ... This article is about bicameralism in government. ...

In 1860 the Thorndon Park reservoir was opened, finally providing an alternative water source to the turbid River Torrens. In 1867 gas street lighting was implemented, the University of Adelaide was founded in 1874, the South Australian Art Gallery opened in 1881 and the Happy Valley Reservoir opened in 1896. In the 1890s Australia was affected by a severe economic depression, ending a hectic era of land booms and tumultuous expansionism. Financial institutions in Melbourne and banks in Sydney closed. The national fertility rate fell and immigration was reduced to a trickle. The value of South Australia's exports nearly halved. Drought and poor harvests from 1884 compounded the problems, with some families leaving for Western Australia. Adelaide was not as badly hit as the larger gold-rush cities of Sydney and Melbourne, and silver and lead discoveries at Broken Hill provided some relief. Only one year of deficit was recorded, but the price paid was retrenchments and lean public spending. Wine and copper were the only industries not to suffer a downturn. Turbidity standards of 5, 50, and 500 NTU Turbidity is a cloudiness or haziness of a fluid, or of air, caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. ... A high pressure sodium vapor street lamp from Australia. ... The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a public university located in Adelaide. ... ... Happy Valley Reservoir is one of the oldest reservoirs in South Australia, being built between 1892 and 1897 at a cost of AU$1. ... In economics, a depression is a term commonly used for a sustained downturn in the economy. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ... The (total) fertility rate of a population is the average number of child births per woman. ... Fields outside Benambra, Victoria, Australia suffering from drought conditions A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. ... Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State or the Golden State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Ken Michael Premier Alan Carpenter (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 15  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2005-06)  - Product ($m)  $107,910 (4th)  - Product per capita  $53,134/person... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... Broken Hill Post Office Broken Hill is an isolated mining city and Local Government Area (see City of Broken Hill) in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 21,000. ... This article is about budget deficits. ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ...

Electric street lighting was introduced in 1900 and electric trams were transporting passengers in 1909. 28,000 men were sent to fight in World War I. Adelaide enjoyed a post-war boom but, with the return of droughts, entered the depression of the 1930s, later returning to prosperity under strong government leadership. Secondary industries helped reduce the state's dependence on primary industries. The 1933 census recorded the state population at 580,949, less of an increase than other states due to the state's economic limitations.^{[citation needed]} World War II brought industrial stimulus and diversification to Adelaide under the Playford Government, which advocated Adelaide as a safe place for manufacturing due to its less vulnerable location. 70,000 men and women enlisted and shipbuilding was expanded at the nearby port of Whyalla. This article refers to public transport vehicles running on rails. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... The secondary sector of industry includes those economic sectors that create a finished, usable product: manufacturing and construction. ... The primary sector of industry generally involves the changing process of natural resources into primary products. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Sir Thomas Playford KCMG (July 5, 1896 – 16 June 1981) served as Premier of South Australia from November 5, 1938 to March 10, 1965, which at 26 years and 125 days, remains a British Commonwealth record for the longest time someone has served as a democratically elected national or regional... City Plaza, Hummock Hill in the background Location of Whyalla in South Australia (red) Whyalla (33°02′S 137°34′E) is a city and port located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula opposite Port Pirie in South Australia. ...

The South Australian Government in this period built on former wartime manufacturing industries. International manufacturers like General Motors Holden and Chrysler (now Mitsubishi) made use of these factories around Adelaide completing its transformation from an agricultural service centre to a twentieth-century city. A pipeline from Mannum brought River Murray water to Adelaide in 1954 and an international airport opened at West Beach in 1955. An assisted migration scheme brought 215,000 immigrants of all nationalities to South Australia between 1947 and 1973^{[citation needed]}. The Dunstan Government in the 1970s saw something of an Adelaide 'cultural revival' - establishing a wide array of social reforms and overseeing the city becoming a centre of the arts. Adelaide hosted the Australian Grand Prix between 1985 and 1996 on a street circuit in the city's east parklands, before losing it to Melbourne.^[11] The 1992 State Bank collapse plunged both Adelaide and South Australia into economic recession, and its effects lasted until 2004, when ratings agency Standard & Poor's reinstated South Australia's AAA credit rating.^[12] Recent years have seen the Clipsal 500 V8 Supercar race make use of sections of the former Formula One circuit. Holdens rule This article is about the Australian car manufacturer. ... Chrysler Australia is a trading name for DaimlerChrysler Australia/ Pacific Pty Ltd. ... Mitsubishi Motors Australia Ltd. ... Mannum is a historic town on the west bank of the Murray River in South Australia, 84 kilometres (52 mi) east of Adelaide. ... A branch of the Murray in its middle reaches, near Howlong, New South Wales. ... Adelaide International Airport (IATA: ADL, ICAO: YPAD) is the principal airport in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. ... West Beach is a beautiful seaside suburb of Adelaide. ... Donald Allan Dunstan AC QC (21 September 1926 – 6 February 1999) was an Australian politician. ... Promotional poster for the first Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide in 1985. ... The State Bank of South Australia was a bank owned by the Government of South Australia. ... Publications Standard & Poors publishes a weekly (48 times a year) stock market analysis newsletter called The Outlook, which is issued both in print and online to subscribers. ... The Adelaide 500 (also known as the Clipsal 500 for naming sponsor Clipsal Electronics) is an annual racing carnival for Touring Cars held on a street circuit in the east end of Adelaide on a shortened form of the former Australian Grand Prix track. ... V8 Supercars is a touring car racing category. ...

Geography

Adelaide's metropolitan area

Adelaide is located north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The city stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Adelaide Metropolitan Region has a total land area of 870 km², and is at an average elevation of 50 metres above sea level. Mount Lofty is located east of the Adelaide metropolitan region in the Adelaide Hills at an elevation of 727 metres. It is the tallest point of the city and in the state south of Burra. Gawler is a town in the state of South Australia. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... Australian Bureau of Statistics logo The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is the Australian government agency that collects and publishes statistical information about Australia. ... Mount Lofty Summit Looking towards Mount Lofty Summit, with Mount Lofty Hotel in the foreground and Gulf St. ... Location of Burra in South Australia (red) Burra (33°40′S 138°56′E) is a town in the mid-north of South Australia. ...

Much of Adelaide was bushland before British settlement, with some variation - swamps and marshlands were prevalent around the coast. However, much of the original vegetation has been cleared with what is left to be found in reserves such as the Cleland Conservation Park and Belair National Park. A number of creeks and rivers flow through the Adelaide region. The largest are the Torrens and Onkaparinga catchments. Adelaide relies on its many reservoirs for water supply, with Mount Bold Reservoir and Happy Valley Reservoir together supplying around 50% of Adelaide's requirements. Cleland Conservation Park is a conservation park in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. ... Belair is a national park in South Australia (Australia), 16 km south of Adelaide. ... Onkaparinga River National Park is in South Australia (Australia), 32 km south of Adelaide also incorporates the Onkaparinga River Recreation Park. ... An aerial view of the Mount Bold Reservoir at full capacity. ...

Urban layout

Main article: Light's Vision

1888 Map of Adelaide, showing the gradual development of its urban layout

Adelaide is a planned city, designed by the first surveyor-general of South Australia, Colonel William Light. His plan, now known as Light's Vision, arranged Adelaide in a grid, with five squares in the inner City of Adelaide and a ring of parks known as the Adelaide Parklands surrounding it. Light's design was initially unpopular with the early settlers, as well as South Australia's first Governor, John Hindmarsh. Light persisted with his design against this initial opposition. The benefits of Light's design are numerous; Adelaide has had wide multi-lane roads from its beginning, an easily-navigable grid layout and a beautiful green ring around the city centre. There are two sets of 'ring roads' in Adelaide that have resulted from the original design. The inner ring route borders the parklands and the outer route completely bypasses the inner city through (in clockwise order) Grand Junction Road, Hampstead Road, Ascot Avenue, Portrush Road, Cross Road and South Road.^[13] Lights Vision, Montefiore Hill Adelaide, City of Squares Map of Adelaide The first surveyor-general of Adelaide, South Australia, Colonel William Light designed a layout and development programme for the city. ... Image File history File links Karte_Adelaide_MKL1888. ... Image File history File links Karte_Adelaide_MKL1888. ... The term inner-city is often applied to the poorer parts at the centre of a major city. ... Grand Junction Road is the longest east-west thoroughfare in the Adelaide metropolitan area, and is located approximately 9 kilometres north of the Central Business District. ... Portrush Road in Maylands facing south Portrush Road is a major bypass route in Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. ... South Road in Everard Park, facing towards the south South Road is a major Adelaide north-south conduit, connecting the new Southern Expressway with Anzac highway, which then runs into the CBD. The road has begun suffering from extreme traffic congestion in recent years from the growth and development of...

Urban expansion has to some extent outgrown Light's original plan. Numerous satellite cities were built in the latter half of the 20th century, notably Salisbury and Elizabeth on the city's northern fringes, which have now been enveloped by its urban sprawl. New developments in the Adelaide Hills region facilitated the construction of the South Eastern Freeway to cope with growth. Similarly, the booming development in Adelaide's South made the construction of the Southern Expressway a necessity. New roads are not the only transport infrastructure developed to cope with the urban growth, however. The O-Bahn Busway is an example of a unique solution to Tea Tree Gully's transport woes in the 1980s.^[14] The development of the nearby suburb of Golden Grove in the late 1980s is possibly an example of well-thought-out urban planning. The newer urban areas as a whole, however, are not as integrated into the urban layout as much as older areas, and therefore place more stress on Adelaide's transportation system – although not on a level comparable with Melbourne or Sydney. Salisbury (pronounced ; located at ) is a suburb in the north of Adelaide, South Australia. ... Elizabeth is a suburb in the northern extent of Adelaide, South Australia. ... Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading out of a city and its suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area. ... South Eastern Freeway is a freeway linking Adelaide to Princes Highway near Swanport, South Australia. ... The City of Onkaparinga is a local government area (LGA) located on the southern fringe of Adelaide, South Australia. ... The Expressway near its start, at Marion. ... A bus on the O-Bahn guide-way. ... Tea Tree Gully is a suburb in the north-east of Adelaide, South Australia. ... Golden Grove (post code: 5125) is an outer north-eastern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia and is within the City of Tea Tree Gully local government area. ...

Climate

Main article: Climate of Adelaide

Adelaide has a Mediterranean climate, meaning that most of the rain falls in the winter months. Of the Australian capital cities, Adelaide is the driest. Rainfall is unreliable, light and infrequent throughout summer. In contrast, the winter has fairly reliable rainfall with June being the wettest month of the year, averaging around 80 mm. Frosts are rare, with the most notable occurrences having occurred in July 1908 and July 1982. There is usually no appreciable snowfall, except at Mount Lofty and some places in the Adelaide Hills.
Adelaide has a Mediterranean climate which generally means mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. ...  Areas with Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide. ... Frost on black pipes Frost is a solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air. ... For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ...

For other uses, see Celsius (disambiguation). ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...

Governance

Main article: Government of South Australia

Parliament House, Adelaide on North Terrace houses the Parliament of South Australia

The Adelaide metropolitan area is divided between eighteen local government areas, including, at its centre, the City of Adelaide, which administers the CBD, North Adelaide, and the surrounding Adelaide Parklands. It is the oldest municipal authority in Australia and was established in 1840, when Adelaide and Australia's first mayor, James Hurtle Fisher, was elected. From 1919 onwards, the City has had a Lord Mayor, the current being Lord Mayor Michael Harbison. The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its Constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Adelaide_parliament_house. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Adelaide_parliament_house. ... guijkguijkgujgf fjbhfdjhdjhdjhjhdjhfdsjjhb ... The Parliament of South Australia consists of the South Australian Legislative Council and the South Australian House of Assembly. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This is a list of Local Government Areas of South Australia. ... City of Adelaide may mean: Adelaide, a city in Australia City of Adelaide (1864), a clipper ship This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... North Adelaide is the predominately residential suburb north of the River Torrens but within the Adelaide Parklands. ... The Adelaide Parklands are the parklands that surround the City of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. ... A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. ... Sir James Hurtle Fisher (1790 – January 28, 1875) was a lawyer and prominent South Australian pioneer. ... This is a list of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of the City of Adelaide Local Government Area, Adelaide, Australia. ... Michael Harbison is the current Lord Mayor of Adelaide, South Australia. ...

Adelaide, as the capital of South Australia, is the seat of the Government of South Australia. As Adelaide is South Australia's capital and most populous city, the State Government co-operates extensively with the City of Adelaide. In 2006, the Ministry for the City of Adelaide was created to facilitate the state government's collaboration with the Adelaide City Council and the Lord Mayor to improve Adelaide's image. The state parliament's Capital City Committee^[15] is also involved in the governance of the City of Adelaide, being primarily concerned with the planning of Adelaide's urban development and growth. The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its Constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has been amended many times since then. ...

Demography

Adelaide Town Hall

As of 2006 Census, Adelaide had a metropolitan population of more than 1,105,839, making it Australia's fifth largest city. In the 2002-2003 period the population grew by 0.6%, while the national average was 1.2%. Some 70.3% of the population of South Australia are residents of the Adelaide metropolitan area, making South Australia one of the most centralised states. Major areas of population growth in recent years were in outer suburbs such as Mawson Lakes and Golden Grove. Adelaide's inhabitants occupy 341,227 houses, 54,826 semi-detached, row terrace or town houses and 49,327 flats, units or apartments. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 × 3072 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2304 × 3072 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Adelaide Town Halls clock tower is a feature of King William Street The Adelaide Town Hall at night Adelaide Town Hall is a landmark building on King William Street in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Mawson Lakes is a new suburb and residential development approximately 12km north of Adelaide, South Australia. ...

Persons of high-income are concentrated on the coastal suburbs (such as Brighton and Glenelg), eastern suburbs (such as Tusmore, Joslin and College Park) and south-eastern suburbs (such as Burnside and Waterfall Gully). Almost a fifth (17.9%) of the population had university qualifications. The number of Adelaideans with vocational qualifications (such as tradespersons) fell from 62.1% of the labour force in the 1991 census to 52.4% in the 2001 census. Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ... Brighton is a small coastal hamlet in Adelaide, South Australia, situated between Seacliff and Glenelg and aside the Holdfast Bay. ... Stamford Grand and Glenelg foreshore from jetty. ... The Feathers a pub in Burnside Burnside is a small suburb that is part of the City of Burnside in the eastern suburbs of Adelaide. ... Waterfall Gully (34°57′S 138°40′E) is a small suburb of 2,285 people in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. ...

Over half of the population identifies as Christian, with the largest denominations being Catholic (22.1%), Anglican (14.0%), Uniting Church (8.4%) and Eastern Orthodox (3.8%). Approximately 24% of the population expressed no religious affiliation, compared with the national average of 18.7%. Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Relation to other religions Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ... The Roman Catholic Church in Australia is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome. ... Arms of the Anglican Church of Australia The Anglican Church of Australia, a member church of the Anglican Communion, was previously officially known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania (renamed in 1981). ... Logo of the UCA The Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) was formed on June 22, 1977 when the Methodist Church of Australasia, Presbyterian Church of Australia and Congregational Union of Australia came together under the Basis of Union document. ... Orthodox icon of Pentecost. ...

Overall, Adelaide is ageing more rapidly than other Australian capital cities. Just over a quarter (26.7%) of Adelaide's population is aged 55 years or older, in comparison to the national average of 24.3%. Adelaide has the lowest number of children (under-15 year olds), which composed 17.8% of the population, compared to the national average of 19.8.

Overseas-born Adelaideans composed 23.7% (262,367) of the total population. The north-western suburbs (such as Woodville and Athol Park) and suburbs close to the CBD have a higher ratio of overseas-born residents. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (7.3%), Italy (1.9%), Scotland (1.0%), Vietnam (0.9%), and Greece (0.9%). The most-spoken languages other than English were Italian (3.0%), Greek (2.2%), Vietnamese (1.2%), Mandarin (0.8%), and Cantonese (0.7%).^[16] Woodville is a suburb of Adelaide, situated about 8 kilometres northwest of the Central Business District of Adelaide. ... Athol Park is an north-western suburb of Adelaide 10km from the CBD, in the state of South Australia, Australia and falls under the City of Charles Sturt. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... Australian English (AuE, AusE, en-AU) is the form of the English language used in Australia. ... This article is on all of the Northern Chinese dialects. ... This article is on all of the Yue dialects. ...

Economy

Adelaide's economy is primarily based around manufacturing, defence technology and research, commodity export and corresponding service industries. It has large manufacturing, defence and research zones. They contain car manufacturing plants for General Motors Holden, and plants that produce electronic systems that are sold worldwide for applications in medical, communications, defence, automotive, food and wine processing and industrial sectors. The revenue of Adelaide's electronics industry has grown at over 15% per year since 1990. The electronics industry in Adelaide employs over 13,000 people, which is more than the automotive industry. Almost half of all cars produced in Australia are made in Adelaide.^[17] The global media conglomerate News Corporation was founded in and until 2004 incorporated in Adelaide and is still considered its 'spiritual' home by Rupert Murdoch. Australia's largest oil company, Santos (South Australia Northern Territory Oil Search), prominent South Australian brewery, Coopers, major national retailer Harris Scarfe and Australia's second largest listed investment company Argo Investments Limited call Adelaide their home. The collapse of the State Bank in 1992 resulted in large levels of state debt (as much as A$4 billion). The collapse had meant that successive governments had enacted lean budgets, cutting spending, which had been a setback to the further development of the city and state. The debt has recently been reduced with the State Government once again receiving a AAA+ Credit Rating.^[18] The South Australian economy, very closely tied to Adelaide's, still enjoys a trade surplus and has higher per capita growth than Australia as a whole.^[19] Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ... In military science, defense (or defence) is the art of preventing an enemy from conquering territory. ... This article is about the concept. ... A typical zoning map; this one identifies the zones, or development districts, in the city of Ontario, California Zoning is a North American term for a system of land-use regulation. ... This article is about the Australian car manufacturer. ... 1211 Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue), where News Corporation is based News Corporation (abbreviated to News Corp) (NYSE: NWS, NYSE: NWSa, ASX: , LSE: NCRA) is an American media conglomerate company and the third worlds largest. ... Keith Rupert Murdoch AC, KCSG (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian born United States citizen who is a global media executive and is the controlling shareholder, chairman and managing director of News Corporation, based in New York. ... Santos Ltd. ... Coopers Brewery is an Australian company, publicly owned but not listed with a stock exchange. ... A Harris Scarfe store in Tasmania Harris Scarfe Department Stores was founded in South Australia in 1850 in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Argo Investments Limited ASX: ARG is an Australian listed investment company (LIC) with its shares traded on the Australian Stock Exchange. ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants. ...

The Adelaide-built Collins class submarine HMAS Rankin (SSG 78)

Adelaide is home to a large proportion of Australia's defence industries, which contribute over AU$1 billion to South Australia's Gross State Product. 70% of Australian defence companies are located in Adelaide. The principal government military research institution, the Defence Science and Technology Organisation, and other defence technology organisations such as Tenix are located in Salisbury near RAAF Base Edinburgh and others such as Saab Systems near Technology Park. The Australian Submarine Corporation, based in the industrial suburb of Osborne was charged with constructing Australia's Collins class submarines [14] and recently won a AU$6 billion contract to construct the Royal Australian Navy's new air-warfare destroyers.^[20] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x714, 142 KB)040823-N-3019M-003 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (23 August 2004) – The Australian Collins class submarine, HMAS Rankin (SSK-78), enters Pearl Harbor for a port visit after completing exercises in the Pacific region. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1000x714, 142 KB)040823-N-3019M-003 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (23 August 2004) – The Australian Collins class submarine, HMAS Rankin (SSK-78), enters Pearl Harbor for a port visit after completing exercises in the Pacific region. ... The Collins class submarines are the newest class of Australian submarines, built in Australia for the Royal Australian Navy. ... HMAS Rankin (SSG 78), is a Collins-class submarine laid down by the Australian Submarine Corporation at Osborne in South Australia on 12 May 1995, launched on 7 November 2001 and commissioned on 29 March 2003. ... The Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) is a branch of the Australian Department of Defence which researches and develops technologies for use in the Australian Defence Industry. ... Tenix Pty Ltd is the parent company of the Tenix Group, Australia’s largest locally-owned defence and technology contractor. ... RAAF Base Edinburgh is a Royal Australian Airforce base in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. ... Technology Park is a government-sponsored business park located in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. ... The ASC, fomerly Australian Submarine Corporation, is a wholly government-owned Australian naval defence company headquartered at Osborne in Adelaide, South Australia. ... Osborne is a north-western suburb of Adelaide 19km from the CBD, in the state of South Australia, Australia and falls under the City of Port Adelaide Enfield. ... USS Los Angeles A submarine is a specialized watercraft that can operate underwater. ... The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. ...

There are 466,829 employed people in Adelaide, with 62.3% full-time and 35.1% part-time. In recent years there has been a growing trend towards part-time (which includes casual) employment, increasing from only 11.6% of the workplace in 1991, to over a third today. 15% of workers are employed in manufacturing, 5% in construction, 15% in retail trade, 11% in business services, 7% in education and 12% in health and community services. The median weekly individual income for people aged 15 years and over is $447 per week, compared with $466 nationally. The median family income is $1,137 per week, compared with $1,171 nationally.^[16] Adelaide's housing and living costs are substantially lower than that of other Australian cities, with housing being notably cheaper. The median Adelaide house price is half that of Sydney and two-thirds that of Melbourne. The 3 month trend unemployment rate to March 2007 was 6.2%.^[21] The Northern suburbs' unemployment rate is disproportionately higher than the other regions of Adelaide at 8.3%, while the East and South are lower than the Adelaide average at 4.9% and 5.0% respectively.^[22]

Education

Main article: Education in South Australia

Art Gallery of South Australia

School education in Adelaide is provided by a variety of private and (State Government-run) public schools, and is regulated by the State Government. These schools operate under the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE), or with the International Baccalaureate(IB) Diploma Programme. Adelaide has the highest number of IB schools in Australia.^{[citation needed]} For the song, see South Australia (song). ... Image File history Fil