Caesar defeated Juba at the battle of Thapsus in 46 BCE, and with this victory, all of North Africa was firmly and permanently in the control of Rome.
Within Roman occupied Africa, the bulk of the population of was composed of three major population groups: the Berber tribes (such as Numidians, Gaetulians and Maurusiani), the ancient Carthaginians of Phoenician origin and Roman colonists.
The continent of Africa was, of course, eventually named after the Roman province.
Called the "granary of the empire," North Africa, according to one estimate, produced 1 million tons of cereals each year, one-quarter of which was exported.
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