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Encyclopedia > Alexander Litvinenko
Alexander Litvinenko
Александр Литвиненко
Born 30 August 1962(1962-08-30)
Voronezh, USSR
Died 23 November 2006 (aged 44)
London, United Kingdom
Occupation KGB security officer and later Russian dissident and writer

Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (Russian: Александр Вальтерович Литвиненко) (30 August 1962[1][2] – 23 November 2006) was a lieutenant-colonel in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, alleged agent of MI6[3] , and later a Russian dissident and writer. A son of a physician, Litvinenko was schooled in Nalchik, before being drafted into the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a private. After graduating in 1985 from the Kirov Higher Command School, he became a platoon commander in an Internal Troops regiment. Litvinenko became a KGB officer in 1986, and two years later, was moved into the Military Counter Intelligence. is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Voronezh (Russian: ) is a large city in southwestern Russia, not far from Ukraine. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lieutenant Colonel (Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grades spelling) is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine corps and air forces of the world, typically ranking above a Major and below a Colonel. ... For other uses, see FSB. Minor emblem of FSB The FSB (Federal Security Service) (Russian: ФСБ, Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности; Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti) is a domestic state security agency of the Russian Federation and the main successor of the Soviet Cheka, NKVD, and KGB. Its headquarters are in Lubyanka Square, Moscow. ... The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence Section 6), or the Secret Service, is the United Kingdom external security agency. ... For the Pearl Jam song, see Dissident (song). ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... Coat of arms of Nalchik Nalchik (Karachay-Balkar and Russian: ; Kabardian: Налшык) is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia and capital of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. ... Internal Troops (full name Internal Troops of the MVD), now called the Federal Guard are the 250,000 strong uniformed military mobile force of the Russian security forces (MVD) and are used to deal with major disturbances and internal security matters. ... Modern emblem of Russian MVD Russian Gendarme officers in the 1860s The Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del (MVD) (Министерство внутренних дел) was the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the imperial Russia, later USSR, and still bears the same name in Russia. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... Military counterintelligence of the Red Army and later of the Soviet Army, throughout all its history was controlled by the Soviet secret police (Cheka, GPU, NKVD, ...) departments (names vary over the time). ...


In 1991, he was promoted to the Central Staff, and specialised in counter-terrorism and infiltration of organised crime. Six years later, he was promoted to senior operational officer and deputy head of the Seventh Section of the FSB. He was in charge of protecting Russian billionaire Boris Berezovsky. In November 1998, Litvinenko publicly accused his superiors of ordering the assassination of Berezovsky. He was arrested by Russian authorities and then released; he later fled to the United Kingdom, where he was granted political asylum and citizenship. Litvinenko tried to publish a book in Russia in which he described Vladimir Putin's rise to power as a coup d'état organised by the FSB. He stated a key element of FSB's strategy was to frighten Russians by bombing apartment buildings in Moscow and other Russian cities. He alleged the bombings were organised by FSB and blamed on Chechen terrorists to legitimise reprisals using military force in Chechnya. Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ... For other uses, see FSB. Minor emblem of FSB The FSB (Federal Security Service) (Russian: ФСБ, Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности; Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti) is a domestic state security agency of the Russian Federation and the main successor of the Soviet Cheka, NKVD, and KGB. Its headquarters are in Lubyanka Square, Moscow. ... This article is about the Russian businessman. ... Power lines leading to a trash dump hover just overhead in El Carpio, a Nicaraguan refugee camp in Costa Rica Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Coup redirects here. ... The Russian apartment bombings were a series of bombings in Russia that killed nearly 300 people and led the country into the Second Chechen War. ... The Chechen Republic (IPA: ; Russian: , Chechenskaya Respublika; Chechen: , Noxçiyn Respublika), or, informally, Chechnya (; Russian: ; Chechen: , Noxçiyçö), sometimes referred to as Ichkeria, Chechnia, Chechenia or Noxçiyn, is a federal subject of Russia. ...


On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised. He died three weeks later, becoming a rare victim of lethal polonium-210 radiation poisoning under highly suspicious circumstances. The fact that Litvinenko's revelations about alleged FSB misdeeds were followed two years later by his poisoning led to public accusations that the Russian government was behind his death, resulting in worldwide media coverage. A British police investigation resulted in several suspects for the murder, but in May 2007, the British Director of Public Prosecutions, Ken Macdonald, announced that his government would seek to extradite Andrei Lugovoi, the chief suspect of the case, from Russia.[4] On 28 May 2007, the British Foreign Office officially submitted a request to the Government of Russia for the extradition of Lugovoi to face criminal charges in the UK.[5] On 5 July 2007, Russia officially declined to extradite Lugovoi, citing the prohibition of extradition in Russia's constitution. is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... General Name, Symbol, Number polonium, Po, 84 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 6, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight (209) g·mol−1 Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Radiation poisoning, also called radiation sickness, is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. ... The Director of Public Prosecutions is the officer charged with the prosecution of criminal offences in several criminal jurisdictions around the world. ... Sir Kenneth Donald John Macdonald, QC, is Director of Public Prosecutions of England and Wales [1]. In that office he is ex officio head of the Crown Prosecution Service. ... Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal. ... Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy) (Russian: ) (Born 1966 in Azerbaijan) is a former KGB operative [1] and millionaire who met with Alexander Litvinenko on the day Litvinenko fell ill (1 November 2006). ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Whitehall, seen from St. ... Since gaining its independence with the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia (formally, the Russian Federation) has faced serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet rule. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Contents

Early life

Alexander Litvinenko was born as the son of physician Walter Litvinenko in the Russian city of Voronezh.[1] He graduated from secondary school in 1980 in Nalchik and was then drafted into the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a Private. After a year of service, he matriculated from the Kirov Higher Command School in Vladikavkaz. After graduation in 1985, Litvinenko became a platoon commander in an Internal Troops regiment that guarded valuables in transit and in 1988 moved to the KGB.[2][6] For other uses, see Doctor. ... Voronezh (Russian: ) is a large city in southwestern Russia, not far from Ukraine. ... For other uses, see High school (disambiguation). ... Coat of arms of Nalchik Nalchik (Karachay-Balkar and Russian: ; Kabardian: Налшык) is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia and capital of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. ... Internal Troops (full name Internal Troops of the MVD), now called the Federal Guard are the 250,000 strong uniformed military mobile force of the Russian security forces (MVD) and are used to deal with major disturbances and internal security matters. ... Modern emblem of Russian MVD Russian Gendarme officers in the 1860s The Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del (MVD) (Министерство внутренних дел) was the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the imperial Russia, later USSR, and still bears the same name in Russia. ... Photo of Vladikavkaz cathedral mosque in 1912. ... Platoon of the German Bundeswehr. ... British regiment A regiment is a military unit, consisting of a variable number of battalions - commanded by a colonel. ...


Career in Russian security services

Litvinenko became an agent of the KGB in 1986. In 1988, he was officially transferred to the Third Chief Directorate of the KGB, Military Counter Intelligence. Later that year, after studying for a year at the Novosibirsk Military Counter Intelligence School, he became an operational officer and served in KGB military counterintelligence until 1991.[7] This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... Military counterintelligence of the Red Army and later of the Soviet Army, throughout all its history was controlled by the Soviet secret police (Cheka, GPU, NKVD, ...) departments (names vary over the time). ... Location of Novosibirsk in Russia and the Oblast Coordinates: Oblast Novosibirsk  - Mayor Vladimir Gorodetskiy Area    - City 447. ... Counter Intelligence A uk label started and owned by John Machielsen. ...


In 1991, he was promoted to the Central Staff of the MB-FSK-FSB of Russia, specialising in counter-terrorist activities and infiltration of organised crime. He was awarded the title of "MUR veteran" for operations conducted with the Moscow criminal investigation department, the MUR. Litvinenko also saw active military service in many of the so-called "hot spots" of the former USSR and Russia. During the First Chechen War Litvinenko planted several FSB agents in Chechnya. Three of them were "caught to the end, thanks to our man in Nalchik [FSB]", according to Akhmed Zakayev, who also claimed that Chechens did not kill Litvinenko during the war mostly because they "did not want to compromise our own man" [8]. Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ... Combatants Russian Federation Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Commanders Pavel Grachev Anatoly Kulikov Konstantin Pulikovsky Anatoliy Romanov Vyacheslav Tikhomirov Gennady Troshev Dzhokhar Dudayev  â€  Aslan Maskhadov Strength (December 11, 1994) Up to 50,000 soldiers and Interior Ministry (MVD) (December 11, 1994) 3,000 to 15,000[1] Casualties Military: At least... Coat of arms of Nalchik Nalchik (Karachay-Balkar and Russian: ; Kabardian: Налшык) is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia and capital of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. ... Vanessa Redgrave and Akhmed Zakayev Akhmed Zakayev (Ахмед Закаев; born April 26, 1956) is the Foreign Minister of Chechen republic government-in-exile, appointed by the President Aslan Maskhadov shortly after his 1997 election, and again in 2006 by Abdul Halim Sadulayev. ...


According to Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy, Litvinenko "was responsible for securing the secrecy of Al-Zawahiri's arrival in Russia, who was trained by FSB instructors in Dagestan, Northern Caucasus, in 1996-1997" [9] In 1997, Litvinenko was promoted to the Department for the Analysis of Criminal Organisations of the FSB, with the title of senior operational officer and deputy head of the Seventh Section. He was in charge of the protection of Boris Berezovsky, when Berezovsky held a government position.[10] Despite news reports to the contrary, Litvinenko's wife claims that he was never a 'spy' and did not deal with secrets beyond information on operations against organised criminal groups.[11] Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy (born in 1953 in Moscow) is a former KGB officer, an intelligence expert and author of several books and numerous articles about Russian secret police organizations. ... Ayman Muhammad Rabaie al-Zawahiri (Arabic: ) or closer to the original Arabic pronunciation al-Zawahri (born June 19, 1951) is a prominent member of al-Qaeda, and was the second and last emir of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, having succeeded Abbud al-Zummar in the latter role when al-Zummar was... The Republic of Dagestan IPA: (Russian: ; Avar: , ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... This article is about the Russian businessman. ...


Career in British security services MI 6

On October 27, 2007, british newspaper Daily Mail journalists Stephen Wright and David Williams, reported that Alexander Litvinenko was an MI6 agent and was receiving a retainer of 2,000 british pounds per month when he was murdered.[3] The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ... The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence Section 6), or the Secret Service, is the United Kingdom external security agency. ... Look up agent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A retainer can be: Look up retainer in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Dissidence

On 17 November 1998, during the period that Vladimir Putin was the head of the FSB, five officers of FSB's Directorate for the Analysis of Criminal Organisations appeared at a press conference in the Russian news agency Interfax. The five officers, including the director of the Seventh Department, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Gusyk, three senior operative officers — Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Litvinenko, Major Andrey Ponkin, and Colonel V. V. Shebalin, Lieutenant Constantin Latyshonok, and Gherman Scheglov accused the director of the Directorate for the Analysis of Criminal Organisations Major-General Evgenii Khokholkov and his deputy, 1st Rank Captain Alexander Kamishnikov of ordering them in November 1997 to assassinate Boris Berezovsky, a Russian businessman who then held the high government post of Secretary of the Security Council and was close to President Boris Yeltsin; Berezovsky later fled to the UK to avoid criminal charges. The officers also claimed they were ordered to kill Mikhail Trepashkin and to kidnap a brother of the businessman Umar Dzhabrailov. Mikhail Trepashikin was present as a victim of the planned assassination. 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... For other uses, see FSB. Minor emblem of FSB The FSB (Federal Security Service) (Russian: ФСБ, Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности; Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti) is a domestic state security agency of the Russian Federation and the main successor of the Soviet Cheka, NKVD, and KGB. Its headquarters are in Lubyanka Square, Moscow. ... A member of Liberal Democratic Party Taizo Sugimura in an apology news conference in Japan A news conference or press conference is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions. ... A news agency is an organization of journalists established to supply news reports to organizations in the news trade: newspapers, magazines, and radio and television broadcasters. ... This article is about the Russian businessman. ... “Yeltsin” redirects here. ... Mikhail Trepashkin, a Moscow attorney and former FSB agent, was invited by MP Sergei Yushenkov to assist in an independent investigation of the Russian apartment bombings in September 1999 – the atrocities that provoked the war in Chechnya and skyrocketed Vladimir Putin to presidency. ...


Several other FSB officers were also present to support the claims.[12][13] The leader of the Democratic Russia party and proponent of lustration, Galina Starovoitova, was murdered just three days later.[14] However, the official investigation of Starovoitova death did not establish a connection with FSB actions [15], and six killers were judged and sentenced in 2005 and 2006.[16][17] Litvinenko was dismissed from the FSB, and then arrested twice on charges which were dropped after he had spent time in Moscow prisons. In 1999, he was arrested on charges of abusing duties during the anti-terrorist campaign in Kostroma (beating citizens during arrest and stealing explosives)[18]. He was released a month later after signing a written undertaking not to leave the country. Lustration is, literally, a sacrifice, or ceremony, by which cities, fields, armies, or people, defiled by crimes, pestilence, or other cause of uncleanness, were purified. During the period after the fall of the various European Communist states in 1989–1991, the term came to refer to the policy of... Galina Starovoitova (Галина Старовойтова) (31st December 1946 - November 20, 1998) was a Russian politician, who was born in Chelyabinsk. ... Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-28). ...


On 23 May 2007, Sergey Dorenko, formerly a prominent Russian TV host, provided The Associated Press and The Wall Street Journal with the full video tape of the interview of Alexander Litvinenko and his fellow employees of FSB recorded by him in April 1998, where the agents confessed that their bosses had ordered them to kill, kidnap or frame up prominent Russian politicians and businesspeople, and thus made it publicly available in full for the first time. Only some excerpts of the video were shown in 1998.[19] is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Sergey Leonidovich Dorenko (Russian: ; b. ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) is an international daily newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company in New York City, New York, USA, with Asian and European editions, and a worldwide daily circulation of more than 2 million as of 2006, with 931,000 paying online subscribers. ... Emblem of FSB The FSB (ФСБ) is a state security organization in Russia, and is the domestic successor organization to the KGB. Its name is an acronym from the Russian Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Росси́йской Федера́ции) (Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti Rossiyskoi Federatsii). ...


Flight

Litvinenko fled to Turkey from Ukraine on a forged passport using the alias Chris Reid, as his actual passport was confiscated by Russian authorities after criminal charges were filed against him. Litvinenko's wife Marina and five-year-old son Anatoly entered Turkey legally. With the help of Alexander Goldfarb, Litvinenko bought air tickets for the Istanbul-London-Moscow flight,[20] and asked for political asylum at Heathrow airport during the transit stop on November 1, 2000.[21] Political asylum was granted on 14 May 2001.[22] In October 2006 he became a naturalised British citizen living in Whitehaven.[23] Alexander Goldfarb or Alex Goldfarb is a Russian microbiologist and activist. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... Power lines leading to a trash dump hover just overhead in El Carpio, a Nicaraguan refugee camp in Costa Rica Under international law, a refugee is a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her... London Heathrow Airport (IATA airport code: LHR, ICAO airport code: EGLL, and often simply Heathrow) is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom concerning British citizenship and other categories of British nationality. ...


Allegations against the Russian Government

Alexander Litvinenko accused in various interviews that the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General-Staff of the Russian armed forces had organised the 1999 Armenian parliament shooting that killed prime minister of Armenia Vazgen Sargsyan.[24] The Russian embassy in Armenia quickly denied any such involvement issuing the statement “in connection with recent press articles about the alleged involvement of the Russian special services in the tragic events at the Armenian parliament on 27 October 1999.” It also described it as an attempt to harm relations between Armenia and Russia by people against the democratic reforms in Russia. 1999 Armenian parliament shooting was an attack on the Armenian parliament on October 27, 1999 at 5:15 p. ... The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to oversee the Governments regular activities [and] coordinate the work of the Ministers. ... Vazgen Sargsyan (ÕŽÕ¡Õ¦Õ£Õ¥Õ¶ Սարգսյան, Ararat, Armenia March 5, 1959 - October 27, 1999 Yerevan), also known as Vasgen Sarkisyan, Sarkissian or Sarkisyan, was Prime Minister of Armenia for the Republican Party of Armenia from June 11, 1999 - October 27, 1999 until his assassination. ...


Litvinenko alleged that agents from the FSB coordinated the 1999 Russian apartment bombings that killed more than 300 people, whereas Russian officials blamed the explosions on Chechen separatists. This version of events was suggested earlier by David Satter,[25] and Sergei Yushenkov, vice chairman of the Sergei Kovalev commission created by the Russian Parliament to investigate the bombings. However, Litvinenko provided many new factual details in his book. In December 2003 Russian authorities confiscated over 4000 copies of the book en route to Moscow from the publisher in Latvia.[26] In the book Gang from Lubyanka (Лубянская преступная группировка), Litvinenko alleged that Vladimir Putin during his time at FSB was personally involved in organised crime. The Russian apartment bombings were a series of bombings in Russia that killed nearly 300 people and led the country into the Second Chechen War. ... Sergei Yushenkov (Сергей Юшенков) (1950-2003) was a liberal Russian politician well known for his uncompromising struggle for democracy, rapid free market economic reforms, and higher human rights standards in Russia. ... A chairperson is the political correct term for the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, committee, or other deliberative body. ... Sergei Kovalev Sergei Adamovich Kovalev (Russian: ) (born March 2, 1930) is a notable dissident and political prisoner in the former Soviet Union, and a human rights activist and politician in post-Soviet Russia. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ...

Upper house chairman Sergei Mironov visiting the interior ministry training centre Vityaz.

Litvinenko stated in a June 2003 interview, with the Australian television programme Dateline, that two of the Chechen terrorists involved in the 2002 Moscow theatre siege — whom he named as "Abdul the Bloody" and "Abu Bakar" — were working for the FSB, and that the agency manipulated the rebels into staging the attack.[27] Litvinenko said: "[w]hen they tried to find [Abdul the Bloody and Abu Bakar] among the dead terrorists, they weren't there. The FSB got its agents out. So the FSB agents among Chechens organized the whole thing on FSB orders, and those agents were released." The story about FSB connections with the hostage takers was confirmed by Mikhail Trepashkin.[12] [28] "Abu Bakar" (real name probably Khanpasha Terkibaev [2]) was also described as FSB agent and actual organizer of the terrorist act by Anna Politkovskaya, Alexander Khinshtein and other journalists [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] In the beginning of April 2003 Litvinenko gave "the Terkibaev file" to Sergei Yushenkov when he visited London. Yushenkov passed this file to Anna Politkovskaya [8]. A few days later Yushenkov was assassinated. Terkibaev was killed in a car crash in Chechnya. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Host George Negus on the Dateline set on 28 February 2007 Dateline is a television current affairs program aired on the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) in Australia. ... On Wednesday, October 23, 2002, 40 Chechen terrorists seized a crowded Moscow theatre, taking over 700 hostages and demanding the withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechenya. ... Mikhail Trepashkin, a Moscow attorney and former FSB agent, was invited by MP Sergei Yushenkov to assist in an independent investigation of the Russian apartment bombings in September 1999 – the atrocities that provoked the war in Chechnya and skyrocketed Vladimir Putin to presidency. ... Emblem of FSB The FSB (ФСБ) is a state security organization in Russia, and is the domestic successor organization to the KGB. Its name is an acronym from the Russian Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Росси́йской Федера́ции) (Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti Rossiyskoi Federatsii). ... Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist and human rights activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and the Putin administration. ... Alexander Khinshtein (Александр Хинштейн) (born October 26, 1974) is a Russian politician and journalist. ... Sergei Yushenkov (Сергей Юшенков) (1950-2003) was a liberal Russian politician well known for his uncompromising struggle for democracy, rapid free market economic reforms, and higher human rights standards in Russia. ... Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist and human rights activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and the Putin administration. ...


In a July 2005 interview with the Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita, Litvinenko alleged that Ayman al-Zawahiri was trained for half of a year by the FSB in Dagestan in 1998.[35][36] According to FSB spokesman Sergei Ignatchenko, Ayman al-Zawahiri was arrested by Russian authorities in Dagestan in December 1996 and released in May 1997.[37] A cover of Rzeczpospolita Rzeczpospolita ( ) is one of Polands large nationwide daily newspapers, with a circulation of 260-270,000 and an estimated readership of 1. ... Ayman Muhammad Rabaie al-Zawahiri (Arabic: ) or closer to the original Arabic pronunciation al-Zawahri (born June 19, 1951) is an extremist Muslim leader and prominent member of al-Qaeda, and was the second and last emir of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, having succeeded Abbud al-Zummar in the latter role... The Republic of Dagestan IPA: (Russian: ; Avar: , ), older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ...


With regard to July 2005 bombings in London, Litvinenko said that "all the bloodiest terrorists of the world" were connected to FSB-KGB, including Carlos "The Jackal" Ramírez, Yassir Arafat, Saddam Hussein, Abdullah Öcalan, Wadie Haddad of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, George Hawi who led the Communist Party of Lebanon, and Ezekias Papaioannou from Cyprus. He said that the "terrorism infection creeps away worldwide from the cabinets of the Lubyanka Square and the Kremlin".[38][39] These claims are supported by the Mitrokhin archive.[citation needed] Locations of the bombings, overlaid onto a real-path map of the London Underground The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated terrorist bomb blasts that hit Londons public transport system during the morning rush hour. ... Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (born October 12, 1949) is a Venezuelan-born terrorist and mercenary. ... Yasser Arafat Yasser Arafat (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Muhammad `Abd ar-Rauf al-Qudwa al-Husayni (Arabic محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسي&#1606... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq and Chairman of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council from 1979 until his overthrow by US forces in 2003. ... Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Apo Öcalan (; born April 4, 1948), is the founding leader of the Kurdish terrorist group Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). ... Wadie Haddad (1927–1978), a. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... George Hawi (1938 – June 21, 2005) was a Lebanese politician and former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) His nickname durig the war was Abou Anis. He was assassinated in 2005. ... One of the oldest multisectarian parties in Lebanon, the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) was formed in 1924 by a group of intellectuals. ... Ezekias Papaioannou was a Cypriot communist politician and Secretary General of AKEL. He was born in 1908 in the village of Kelaki, Limassol District and studied at the American Academy of Larnaca. ... The KGB sword and shield emblem appears on the covers of the three published works by Mitrokhin, co-author Christopher Andrew. ...


In July 2006 Litvinenko alleged in an article that Putin was a paedophile.[40] He compared Putin to rapist and serial killer Andrei Chikatilo. He wrote that among people who knew about Putin's paedophilia were Anatoly Trofimov and the editor of the Russian newspaper "Top Secret", Artyom Borovik, who died in an aeroplane crash under suspicious circumstances just a week after trying to publish a paper about this subject.[41] Former FSB officer Mikhail Trepashkin now states he warned Litvinenko in 2002 about an FSB unit assigned to assassinate him.[42] Pedophilia or pædophilia (see spelling differences) is a mental state in which an adult has a preferential sexual attraction to prepubescent and in some definitions, preadolescent children. ... Serial killers are individuals who have a history of multiple slayings of victims who were usually unknown to them beforehand. ... Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo (Андре́й Рома́нович Чикати́ло) (October 16, 1936 – February 14, 1994) was a Russian serial killer, nicknamed the Butcher of Rostov and The Red Ripper. ... Anatoly Trofimov was a retired deputy director of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) who was assassinated in April 2005 by unidentified gunmen while driving near his north Moscow home. ... Artyom Borovik Artyom Borovik (born September 13, 1960 - died March 9, 2000) was a prominenet Russian journalist and media magnate. ... Mikhail Trepashkin, a Moscow attorney and former FSB agent, was invited by MP Sergei Yushenkov to assist in an independent investigation of the Russian apartment bombings in September 1999 – the atrocities that provoked the war in Chechnya and skyrocketed Vladimir Putin to presidency. ...

Russian task force Vityaz shooting at the image of Alexander Litvinenko.

Alexander Litvinenko also accused Vladimir Putin of personally ordering the assassination of Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya and stated that politician Irina Hakamada warned Politkovskaya about threats to her life coming from the Russian government. In that regard, Politkovskaya asked for a piece of advice from Litvinenko. He advised her to escape from Russia immediately. Irina Hakamada denied her involvement in passing any specific threats, and said that she warned Politkovskaya only in general terms more than a year ago, and that Politkovskaya blamed her and Mikhail Kasyanov for becoming the Kremlin's puppets.[43] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Vityaz unit emblem Vityaz (Russian: , Knight) is a Russian Spetsnaz unit of the MVD. Vityaz is assigned specifically to counter-terrorism duties. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist and human rights activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and the Putin administration. ... Irina Mutsuovna Hakamada (Ири́на Муцу́овна Хакама́да) (born April 13, 1955) is a Russian opposition politician. ... Mikhail Mikhailovitch Kasyanov (Михаи́л Миха́йлович Касья́нов) (born 8 December 1957) was the Prime Minister of Russia from January 2000 to February 2004. ...


When Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov commented on a new law that "Russia has the right to carry out preemptive strikes on militant bases abroad" and explained that these "preemptive strikes may involve anything, except nuclear weapons", Litvinenko said that "You know who they mean when they say 'terrorist bases abroad'? They mean us, Zakayev and Boris, and me"[8]. For other people known as Sergei Ivanov, see Ivanov. ... Vanessa Redgrave and Akhmed Zakayev Akhmed Zakayev (Ахмед Закаев; born April 26, 1956) is the Foreign Minister of Chechen republic government-in-exile, appointed by the President Aslan Maskhadov shortly after his 1997 election, and again in 2006 by Abdul Halim Sadulayev. ... This article is about the Russian businessman. ...


In January 2007, Polish newspaper Dziennik revealed that a picture of Litvinenko was used as a shooting target by the Russian special forces unit Vityaz. The targets were photographed by chance when the chairman of the Russian Duma's upper house Sergei Mironov visited the centre and met its head Sergei Lysiuk on 7 November 2006.[44][45] Dziennik Polska-Europa-Åšwiat (English: ) is a new Polish nationwide daily newspaper published by Axel Springer Polska, a division of Germanys Axel Springer Verlag publishing company. ... Vityaz unit emblem Vityaz (Russian: , Knight) is a Russian Spetsnaz unit of the MVD. Vityaz is assigned specifically to counter-terrorism duties. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Allegations concerning Romano Prodi

In April 2006, a British Member of the European Parliament for London, Gerard Batten of United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), stated that Litvinenko had been told that Romano Prodi, the Italian centre-left leader, the current Prime Minister of Italy and former President of the European Commission, had been the KGB's "man in Italy." Batten demanded an inquiry into the allegations. He told the European Parliament that Litvinenko had been informed by FSB deputy chief, General Anatoly Trofimov (who was shot dead in Moscow in 2005) that "Romano Prodi is our man (in Italy)".[46] According to Brussels-based newspaper, the EU Reporter on 3 April 2006, "another high-level source, a former KGB operative in London, has confirmed the story".[47] A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Gerard Batten (born March 27, 1954 in London) is a Member of the European Parliament for London for the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). ... The United Kingdom Independence Party (commonly known as UKIP, pronounced //) is a British political party. ...   (born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ... Berlaymont, the Commissions seat The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... Anatoly Trofimov was a retired deputy director of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) who was assassinated in April 2005 by unidentified gunmen while driving near his north Moscow home. ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other places with the same name, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


However, there is at least one possible contrasting view regarding Litvinenko's reported allegations against Prodi: an interview which, according to La Repubblica, one of the main Italian newspapers, Litvinenko had given to one of its reporters on 3 March 2005. In this interview, published shortly after Litvinenko's death, it was revealed that in March 2004, he had been asked by Mario Scaramella (see below) if the tip that Prodi had passed on about the safe house where Aldo Moro was held after being kidnapped by the Red Brigades had its source in the KGB (and not in a séance, as Prodi had claimed); and if the KGB were behind Moro's kidnapping and the training of the Red Brigades. Litvinenko's reply, according to La Repubblica, was: "I said that I did not know any details about Moro's kidnapping and that I had never heard Prodi mentioned. I just pointed out that, if they wanted to hear my opinion as an expert, it was hardly believable that Prodi had learned that piece of information during a séance and that surely the KGB had followed the kidnapping trying to acquire information. I did not have and I do not have any kind of evidence about Prodi."[48] La Repubblica (meaning: The Republic) is an Italian daily newspaper. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mario Scaramella in an Italian lawyer and security consultant who came to international prominence in connection to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. ... Aldo Moro (September 23, 1916 – May 9, 1978) was an Italian politician and five time Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. ... The Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse in Italian, often abbreviated as the BR) were a terrorist group[1] located in Italy and active during the Years of Lead. Formed in 1970, the Marxist-Leninist Red Brigades sought to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle and to separate Italy from the... Look up séance in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


On 26 April 2006, Batten repeated his call for a parliamentary inquiry, revealing that "former, senior members of the KGB are willing to testify in such an investigation, under the right conditions". He added, "It is not acceptable that this situation is unresolved, given the importance of Russia's relations with the European Union".[49] is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


On 22 January 2007, the BBC and ITV News released documents and video footage, from February 2006, in which Litvinenko made the same allegations against Prodi.[50][51] is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... ITV News is the name of the news broadcasts on British TV network ITV. It has one of the largest television audiences for news in the UK. It is produced by Independent Television News (ITN), and was more commonly known simply as ITN until 1999. ...


Alleged MI6 involvement

On October 27, 2007, the Daily Mail revealed that Litvinenko was a paid agent of MI6, receiving around £2000 at the time of his death, citing undisclosed diplomatic and intelligence sources.[52] Allegedly, Sir John Scarlett, the current head of MI6, was personally involved in recruiting him. The claim was dismissed as "absurd" by Litvinenko's wife. is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ... The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), more commonly known as MI6 (originally Military Intelligence Section 6), or the Secret Service, is the United Kingdom external security agency. ... Sir John McLeod Scarlett, KCMG, OBE (born August 18, 1948) is head of the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6). ...


Illness and poisoning

Main article: Alexander Litvinenko poisoning

On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and became hospitalised. His illness was later attributed to poisoning with radionuclide polonium-210 after the Health Protection Agency found significant amounts of the rare and highly toxic element in his body. In interviews, Litvinenko stated that he met with two former KGB agents early on the day he fell ill - Dmitry Kovtun and Andrei Lugovoi, though they deny any wrongdoing. The men also introduced Litvinenko to a tall, thin man of central Asian appearance called 'Vladislav Sokolenko' who Lugovoi said was a business partner. Lugovoi is also a former bodyguard of Russian ex-prime minister Yegor Gaidar (who also suffered from a mysterious illness in November 2006). Later, he had lunch at Itsu, a sushi restaurant on Piccadilly in London, with an Italian acquaintance, Mario Scaramella, to whom he made the allegations regarding Italy's Prime Minister Romano Prodi.[53] Scaramella, attached to the Mitrokhin Commission investigating KGB penetration of Italian politics, claimed to have information on the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, 48, a journalist who was killed at her Moscow apartment in October 2006. On November 1, 2006, former lieutenant colonel of the Russian Federations Federal Security Service Alexander Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised. ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created radiation particle within the nucleus, or else to an atomic electron (see internal conversion) . The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay... General Name, Symbol, Number polonium, Po, 84 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 6, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight (209) g·mol−1 Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... The Health Protection Agency (HPA), originally established as a special health authority (SpHA) in 2003, is an independent national organisation charged with protecting the health and well-being of the United Kingdom citizens from infectious diseases and in preventing harm and reducing impacts when hazards involving chemicals, poisons or radiation... Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy) (Russian: ) (Born 1966 in Azerbaijan) is a former KGB operative [1] and millionaire who met with Alexander Litvinenko on the day Litvinenko fell ill (1 November 2006). ... Yegor Timurovich Gaidar () (born March 19, 1956) is a Russian economist and politician, and was the acting Prime Minister of Russia from June 15, 1992 to December 14, 1992. ... Itsu is a small British chain of sushi restaurants and sushi shops. ... This article is about Japanese cuisine. ... Piccadilly is a major London street, running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east. ... Mario Scaramella in an Italian lawyer and security consultant who came to international prominence in connection to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government, and occupies the fourth-most important state office. ...   (born 9 August 1939) is an Italian politician. ... The KGB sword and shield emblem appears on the covers of the three published works by Mitrokhin, co-author Christopher Andrew The Mitrokhin Archive refers to the collected notes taken by Vasily Mitrokhin over 30 years. ... The assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian journalist, took place on Saturday, 7 October 2006. ... Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist and human rights activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and the Putin administration. ...


Marina Litvinenko, widow of the deceased, accused Moscow of orchestrating the murder. Though she believes the order did not come from Putin himself, she does believe it was done at the behest of the authorities, and announced that she will refuse to provide evidence to any Russian investigation out of fear that it would be misused or misrepresented.[54]


On 20 January 2007 British police announced that they have "identified the man they believe poisoned Alexander Litvinenko. The suspected killer was captured on cameras at Heathrow as he flew into Britain to carry out the murder." [55] The man in question was introduced to Litvinenko as 'Vladislav Sokolenko'. This name was an alias used by the killer as he had entered Britain using a fake EU passport. Because of the sloppy manner in which the polonium-210 was handled and left traces at several locations, it is very possible that Sokolenko is a Hamburg-based Chechen hitman known to the FSB as 'Pабочий' or 'Roustabout', named such because he previously worked on an oil rig and because of his willingness to move wherever work takes him. Roustabout has been compared to a clown in a travelling-circus - clumsy yet brave. He has also been an associate of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov. January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...


As of 26 January 2007, British officials said police had solved the murder of Litvinenko. They discovered "a 'hot' teapot at London's Millennium Hotel with an off-the-charts reading for polonium-210, the radioactive material used in the killing." In addition, a senior official said investigators had concluded the murder of Litvinenko was "a 'state-sponsored' assassination orchestrated by Russian security services." The police want to charge former Russian spy, Andrei Lugovoi, who met with Litvinenko on 1 November 2006, the day officials believe the lethal dose of polonium-210 was administered.[56] is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy) (Russian: ) (Born 1966 in Azerbaijan) is a former KGB operative [1] and millionaire who met with Alexander Litvinenko on the day Litvinenko fell ill (1 November 2006). ... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


On the same day, The Guardian reported that the British government was preparing an extradition request asking that Andrei Lugovoi be returned to the UK to stand trial for Litvinenko's murder.[57] On 22 May 2007 the Crown Prosecution Service called for the extradition of Russian citizen Andrei Lugovoi to the UK on charges of murder .[58] Lugovoi dismissed the claims against him as "politically motivated" and said he did not kill Litvinenko.[59] The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy) (Russian: ) (Born 1966 in Azerbaijan) is a former KGB operative [1] and millionaire who met with Alexander Litvinenko on the day Litvinenko fell ill (1 November 2006). ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... The Crown Prosecution Service, or CPS, is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for public prosecutions of people charged with criminal offences in England and Wales. ...


Conversion to Islam controversy

Two days before his death Litvinenko informed his father that he had converted to Islam. According to his father, Litvinenko had become increasingly disenchanted with the Russian Orthodox Church and had been contemplating conversion for "some time." Litvinenko's conversion to Islam and the related wish for Muslim funeral rites were recognized by his father. However, his widow, Marina, as well as his close friend (and press spokesman during his illness), Alexander Goldfarb, preferred a non-denominational ceremony. Goldfarb stated, "Unfortunately some people appeared and against the explicit wishes of the widow performed Muslim rites over the funeral. We had a choice to turn it into an unseemly situation, but Marina asked us to respect the memory of Alexander and let these people do what they did. Let God be their judge." Ghayasuddin Siddiqui, head of the Muslim Parliament of Great Britain, contended that Litvineko actually converted to Islam 10 days before he was poisoned.[60][61][62] For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: ), also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... Alexander Goldfarb or Alex Goldfarb is a Russian microbiologist and activist. ...


Akhmed Zakayev, Foreign Minister of Chechen government-in-exile who lived next door to Mr Litvinenko and considered him "as a brother,"[63] said: "He was read to from the Qur'an the day before he died and had told his wife and family that he wanted to be buried in accordance with Muslim tradition."[64] Vanessa Redgrave and Akhmed Zakayev Akhmed Zakayev (Ахмед Закаев; born April 26, 1956) is the Foreign Minister of Chechen republic government-in-exile, appointed by the President Aslan Maskhadov shortly after his 1997 election, and again in 2006 by Abdul Halim Sadulayev. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...


Death and last statement

On 22 November, Litvinenko's medical staff at University College Hospital reported he had suffered a "major setback" due to either heart failure or an overnight heart attack; he died the following day. Scotland Yard reported that, "Inquiries continue into the circumstances surrounding how Mr Litvinenko, 43 years, of North London, became unwell."[65] is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... New Scotland Yard, London New Scotland Yard, it blowwsssss often referred to simply as Scotland Yard or The Yard, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible for policing Greater London (although not the City of London itself). ...


On 24 November, a posthumous statement was released. Litvinenko's friend Alex Goldfarb, who is also the chairman of Boris Berezovsky's Civil Liberties Fund, said Litvinenko had dictated it to him three days earlier. Andrei Nekrasov said his friend Litvinenko and Litvinenko's lawyer composed the statement in Russian on 21 November and translated it to English.[66] is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Alexander Goldfarb or Alex Goldfarb is a Russian microbiologist and activist. ... This article is about the Russian businessman. ... The International Foundation for Civil Liberties is a non-profit organization and political pressure group established by the Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky in 2000. ... Andrei Nekrasov (Андрей Некрасов) is a Russian film and TV director from Saint Petersburg. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

“ I would like to thank many people. My doctors, nurses and hospital staff who are doing all they can for me, the British police who are pursuing my case with vigour and professionalism and are watching over me and my family. I would like to thank the British government for taking me under their care. I am honoured to be a British citizen.

I would like to thank the British public for their messages of support and for the interest they have shown in my plight.


I thank my wife Marina, who has stood by me. My love for her and our son knows no bounds.


But as I lie here I can distinctly hear the beating of wings of the angel of death. I may be able to give him the slip but I have to say my legs do not run as fast as I would like. I think, therefore, that this may be the time to say one or two things to the person responsible for my present condition.


You may succeed in silencing me but that silence comes at a price. You have shown yourself to be as barbaric and ruthless as your most hostile critics have claimed.


You have shown yourself to have no respect for life, liberty or any civilised value.


You have shown yourself to be unworthy of your office, to be unworthy of the trust of civilised men and women.


You may succeed in silencing one man but the howl of protest from around the world will reverberate, Mr Putin, in your ears for the rest of your life. May God forgive you for what you have done, not only to me but to beloved Russia and its people.

 ”

Putin disputed the authenticity of this note while attending a Russia-EU summit in Helsinki: Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Province Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government  - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area  - City 187. ...

“ It is a pity that tragic events like death have been used for political provocations. Those who did it [concocted the note] are not God, and Mr. Litvinenko is unfortunately not Lazarus.[67][68] ”
Grave of Alexander Litvinenko at Highgate Cemetery

His postmortem took place on 1 December at the Royal London Hospital's institute of pathology. It was attended by three physicians, including one chosen by the family and one from the Foreign Office.[69] Litvinenko was buried at Highgate Cemetery in north London on 7 December.[70]The police are treating his death as murder.[71] On 25 November, two days after Litvinenko's death, an article attributed to him was published by The Mail on Sunday entitled "Why I believe Putin wanted me dead".[72] Resurrection of Lazarus by Juan de Flandes, around 1500 For other uses, see Lazarus (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 3. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3072 × 2304 pixel, file size: 3. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Circle of Lebanon, West Cemetery Entrance to the Egyptian Avenue, West Cemetery Highgate Cemetery is a famous cemetery located in Highgate, London, England. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ...


In an interview with the BBC broadcast on 16 December 2006, Yuri Shvets said that Litvinenko had created a 'due diligence' report investigating the activities of a senior Kremlin official on behalf of a British company looking to invest "dozens of millions of dollars" in a project in Russia. He said the dossier was so incriminating about the senior Kremlin official, who was not named, it was likely that Litvinenko was murdered out of spite. He alleged that Litvinenko had shown the dossier to another business associate, Andrei Lugovoi, who had worked for the KGB and later the FSB. Shvets alleged that Lugovoi is still an FSB informant and he had spread copies of the dossier to members of the spy service. He said he was interviewed about his allegations by Scotland Yard detectives investigating Litvinenko's murder. Shvets has also doubted Litvinenko's capacity to perform honest unbiased due diligence.[73] The poisoning and consequent death of Litvinenko was not widely covered in the Russian news media.[74] For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Yuri B. Shvets (b. ... Due diligence is a term used for a number of concepts involving either the performance of an investigation of a business or person, or the performance of an act with a certain standard of care. ... Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy) (Russian: ) (Born 1966 in Azerbaijan) is a former KGB operative [1] and millionaire who met with Alexander Litvinenko on the day Litvinenko fell ill (1 November 2006). ...


In Feb-2007, Russian Federation president Vladimir Putin said:

“ With regards to Litvinenko, I do not have much to add here, except what I have already said. Aleksandr Litvinenko was dismissed from the security services. Before that he served in the convoy troops. There he didn’t deal with any secrets. He was involved in criminal proceedings in the Russian Federation for abusing his position of service, namely for beating citizens during arrests when he was a security service employee and for stealing explosives. I think that he was given three years on probation, so there was no need to run anywhere. He did not have any secrets. Everything negative that he could say with respect to his service and his previous employment, he already said a long time ago, so there could be nothing new in what he did later. I repeat that only the investigation can tell us what happened. And with regards to the people who try to harm the Russian Federation, in general it is well-known who they are. They are people hiding from Russian justice for crimes they committed on the territory of the Russian Federation and, first and foremost, economic crimes. They are the so-called runaway oligarchs that are hiding in western Europe or in the Middle East. But I do not really believe in conspiracy theories and, quite frankly, I am not very worried about it. The stability of Russian statehood today allows us to look down at this from above.[75] ”

This contradicts Putin's previous statements in interview to Yelena Tregubova when he claimed that he personally fired Litvinenko for a different reason: Business oligarch, a synonym of business magnate, describes wealthy people that significantly influence the life of a state. ... Yelena Viktorovna Tregubova (Russian: ) (born May 24, 1973) is a Russian journalist, a critic of the president Vladimir Putin and his environment. ...

“ "I fired Litvinenko and disbanded his unit ...because FSB officers should not stage press conferences. This is not their job. And they should not make internal scandals public" [8] ”

See also

John Henry is a professor specializing in toxicology in the Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, at St Marys Hospital. ... // Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, also known as Laboratory 1, Laboratory 12 and The Chamber, was a covert poison research and development facility of the Soviet secret police agencies. ... Andrei Kozlov. ... Bank of Russia (Russian:Банк России) or The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Russian: Центральный банк Российской Ф&#1077... Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist and human rights activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and the Putin administration. ... For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Artyom Borovik Artyom Borovik (born September 13, 1960 - died March 9, 2000) was a prominenet Russian journalist and media magnate. ... The Russian apartment bombings were a series of bombings in Russia that killed nearly 300 people and led the country into the Second Chechen War. ... Galina Starovoitova (Галина Старовойтова) (31st December 1946 - November 20, 1998) was a Russian politician, who was born in Chelyabinsk. ... Georgi Ivanov Markov Georgi Ivanov Markov (Bulgarian: ) (March 1, 1929 - September 11, 1978) was a Bulgarian dissident. ... This article is about the KGB of the Soviet Union. ... Mario Scaramella in an Italian lawyer and security consultant who came to international prominence in connection to the Alexander Litvinenko poisoning. ... Polonium-210 is the most readily available isotope of Polonium. ... Nuclear crime is the best term for criminal acts which involve the use of nuclear or radioactive materials. ... This is list of journalists who have been recently killed in Russia, compiled by Russian-based Glasnost Defence Foundation. ... Chekism is a word that has been used by historians and political observers to describe political system in the Soviet Union and contemporary Russia. ...

References

  1. ^ a b Alexander Litvinenko birth date. The Daily Telegraph (2006-11-25). Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  2. ^ a b Alexander Litvinenko obituary. The Independent (2006-11-25). Retrieved on 2006-01-19.
  3. ^ a b "Revealed: Poisoned ex-Russian spy Litvinenko WAS a paid-up MI6 agent", Daily Mail, 2007-10-27. Retrieved on 2007-20-28. 
  4. ^ "British Prosecutors to Press Murder Charges in Litvinenko Case", Voice of America, May 22, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-05-22. 
  5. ^ UK requests Lugovoi extradition. BBC (May 28, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-28.
  6. ^ Alexander Litvinenko birth date. The Times (2006-11-25). Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  7. ^ (Russian)Александр Подрабинек (2002-10-10). Офицер ФСБ дает показания. Агентство ПРИМА.
  8. ^ a b c d Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko. Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB, The Free Press (2007) ISBN 1-416-55165-4
  9. ^ Russia and Islam are not Separate: Why Russia backs Al-Qaeda, by Konstantin Preobrazhensky. According to Preobrazhenskiy, "At that time, Litvinenko was the Head of the Subdivision for Internationally Wanted Terrorists of the First Department of the Operative-Inquiry Directorate of the FSB Anti-Terrorist Department. He was ordered to undertake the delicate mission of securing Al-Zawahiri from unintentional disclosure by the Russian police. Though Al-Zawahiri had been brought to Russia by the FSB using a false passport, it was still possible for the police to learn about his arrival and report to Moscow for verification. Such a process could disclose Al-Zawahiri as an FSB collaborator. In order to prevent this, Litvinenko visited a group of the highly placed police officers to notify them in advance."
  10. ^ (Russian)Радиоактивные политтехнологии: смерть Литвиненко осложнила проведение саммита Россия-ЕС. Пресс Дозор (2006-11-30). Retrieved on 2006-11-30.
  11. ^ "Russian authorities likely behind Litvinenko's death, his wife says", International Herald Tribune, 2006-12-10. Retrieved on 2006-12-23. 
  12. ^ a b (Russian)М. Трепашкин: «Создана очень серьезная группа». Chechen Press State News Agency (1 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
  13. ^ (Russian)Березовский и УРПО / дело Литвиненко. "Агентура.Ру" (November 27, 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-30.
  14. ^ Litvinenko issues allegations against FSB. Amnesty International (21 November 1998). Retrieved on 2006-11-30.
  15. ^ Убийство Галины Старовойтовой раскрыто (Starovotova's killing uncovered) (Russian). NewsRU.ru (20 December 2002). Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  16. ^ Обвиняемый по делу об убийстве Старовойтовой сознался во всем (The accused of Starovotova's killing confessed) (Russian). Glazok.ru (13 April 2005). Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  17. ^ Верховный суд РФ оставил в силе приговор по делу об убийстве Старовойтовой (Federal Supreme Court approved verdict on Starovotova's killing) (Russian). Gazeta.ru (15 February 2006). Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  18. ^ Transcript of Press Conference with the Russian and Foreign Media, 01 February, 2007 - Putin. Kremlin (02 February 2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-02.
  19. ^ 1998 Tape Shows Russian Ex-Spy Fearful by Jim Heintz, The Associated Press, May 23, 2007.
  20. ^ (Russian)Александр Литвиненко: ярлык предателя не радует. Российская Газета (30 March 2002). Retrieved on 2006-11-24.
  21. ^ (Russian)Литвиненко получил убежище в Британии?. BBC (15 May 2001). Retrieved on 2006-11-24.
  22. ^ (Russian)Заявление Александра Литвиненко. lenta.ru (15 May 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-24.
  23. ^ Litvinenko was told that he was marked for death. Times (22 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-24.
  24. ^ Russia Denies Involvement in 1999 Armenian Parliament Shooting (12 May 2005). Retrieved on 2007-03-25.
  25. ^ The Truth About Beslan (29 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-13.
  26. ^ Russian editor questioned over seizure of controversial book (BBC Monitoring Former Soviet Union, text of report by Russian news agency Ekho Moskvy ). Terror 99 (29 January 2004). Retrieved on 2006-12-23.
  27. ^ Lazaredes, Nick (04 June 2003). Terrorism takes front stage — Russia’s theatre siege. SBS. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
  28. ^ Dissident lawyer jailed on trumped up charges
  29. ^ Litvinenko `Rebellion' Poses Awkward Questions: Cannes Roundup By Iain Millar
  30. ^ Where is "ABUBAKAR?"
  31. ^ Russian Authorities Hedge Over Special Services Involvement In Moscow Theater Siege, by Anna Politkovskaya, Novaya Gazeta, May 5, 2003
  32. ^ A Critical Analysis of Western Realpolitik. The Case of Russia and Chechnya
  33. ^ The Moscow Hostage-Taking Incident (Part 1) By John B. Dunlop, Radio Free Europe
  34. ^ Chechen Bank Formation by Alek Akhundov, Kommersant Oct. 28, 2004]
  35. ^ Nyquist, J.R. (20 November 2006). Kremlin Poison. Financial Sense Online. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
  36. ^ Nyquist, J.R. (13 August 2005). Is Al Qaeda a Kremlin Proxy?. Retrieved on 2006-11-29.
  37. ^ Gebara, Khalil (10 February 2005). The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad?. The Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
  38. ^ The originator of the acts of terrorism in London was standing near Tony Blair (19 July 2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-30.
  39. ^ Litvinenko, Alexander (23 March 2005). The KGBism, Terrorism and Gangsterism are Triplets. Chechen Press. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
  40. ^ Litvinenko, Alexander (5 July 2006). The Kremlin Pedophile. Alexander Litvinenko. Retrieved on 2006-11-25.
  41. ^ (Russian)Кремлевский чикатило». Chechen Press Sate News Agency (1 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
  42. ^ Ex-Spy Claims Litvinenko Was Targeted. Washington Post (1 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
  43. ^ (Russian)Ирина Хакамада о партийном строительстве и экономической ситуации в России. Svoboda News (4 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
  44. ^ Rosyjscy komandosi strzelali do Litwinienki,(Polish) Dziennik Online, 25 January 2007.
  45. ^ Google cache of the article on upper house chairman Mironov visiting Vityaz 7 November 2006(Russian). Accessed 30 January 2007.
  46. ^ Former FSB General, Wife Shot Dead in Moscow. Mosnews.com (11 April 2005). Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
  47. ^ Donnelly, Cillian (3 April 2006). Prodi Accused Of Being Former Soviet Agent. EU Reporter. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
  48. ^ E Litvinenko raccontò "Volevano sapere di Prodi" (Italian). La Repubblica (26 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  49. ^ Batten, Gerard (26 April 2006). 2006: Speech in the European Parliament: Romano Prodi. Gerard Batten MEP. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
  50. ^ 'Multiple attempts' on Litvinenko. BBC (22 January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-01.
  51. ^ Litvinenko footage emerges. ITV News (22 January 2007). Retrieved on 2007-03-01.
  52. ^ Daily Mail (2007-10-27). Revealed: Poisoned ex-Russian spy Litvinenko WAS a paid-up MI6 agent. Retrieved on 2007-10-27.
  53. ^ Batten, Gerard (3 April 2006). Gerard Batten MEP - "60 second speech to the European Parliament "Romano Prodi" - Strasbourg. United Kingdom Independence Party. Retrieved on 2006-11-21.
  54. ^ Dead spy's widow accuses Russian authorities. CNN (10 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
  55. ^ Police match image of Litvinenko's real assassin with his death-bed description. Times Online (20 January 2007). Retrieved on 2006-01-22.
  56. ^ Murder in a Teapot. "The Blotter" on ABCNews.com (26 January 2007). Retrieved on 2006-01-26.
  57. ^ UK wants to try Russian for Litvinenko murder The Guardian. 26 January 2007
  58. ^ Russian faces Litvinenko charge. BBC News (22 May 2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-22.
  59. ^ Spy Murder Charge "Politically Motivated". Sky News (22 May 2007). Retrieved on 2006-05-22.
  60. ^ Litvinenko's Father Says Son Requested Muslim Burial. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (5 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
  61. ^ "Poison probe visits Russia", Washington Times, 5 December 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-06. 
  62. ^ Jonathan Brown, "Enemies of Putin gather for a burial in exile," The Independent, December 8, 2006, p. 2 [1]
  63. ^ Morgan, Ian. "Key figures in Alexander Litvinenko's death", 24dash.com, 13 August 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-05. 
  64. ^ Spy's contact and wife also poisoned. The Daily Telegraph (2 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-23.
  65. ^ Poisoned Russian former spy dies. CNN (23 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-23.
  66. ^ An interview with Andrei Nekrasov by Yury Veksler, Radio Liberty, 28 November 2006. Transcript in Russian, computer translation.
  67. ^ Ex-spy's death should not be used for provocation - Putin. Novosti (24 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  68. ^ Press Conferences, Meetings with the Press, Press Statements. Kremlin (24 November 2006). Retrieved on 2006-11-26.
  69. ^ No signs of Poisoning. Sky News (01 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-02.
  70. ^ Cite error 8; No text given.
  71. ^ Ex-spy's death to be treated as murder. BBC News (7 January 2007). Retrieved on 2006-01-22.
  72. ^ Litvinenko, Alexander (25 November 2006). Why I believe Putin wanted me dead.... The Mail on Sunday. Retrieved on 2006-12-05.
  73. ^ "Litvinenko murdered over damaging file on Russian business partner", DNAIndia, 2006-12-16. Retrieved on 2006-01-22. 
  74. ^ "Russian media shun poisoning case", BBC, 2006-11-20. Retrieved on 2006-12-26. 
  75. ^ Transcript of Press Conference with the Russian and Foreign Media, 01 February, 2007 - Putin. Kremlin (02 February 2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-02.

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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom (and the Kingdom of Great Britain before the United Kingdom existed) since 1788 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Alex Goldfarb. ... Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB is a non-fiction book written by Alexander Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko about the life and death of former FSB officer Alexander Litvinenko, who was poisoned by the radioactive polonium in London in November 2006. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... 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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amnesty international Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization which defines its mission as to undertake research and action focused on preventing and ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity, freedom of conscience... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about Russian citadels. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Associated Press logo This article concerns the news service. ... is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... is the 135th day of the year (136th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... 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Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (Russian: ; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist and human rights activist well known for her opposition to the Chechen conflict and the Putin administration. ... Novaya Gazeta (Russian: ) is a Russian newspaper. ... Cover of Radio Liberty booklet The Most Important Job in the World Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications organization which is funded by the United States Congress. ... Kommersant (Cyrillic: Коммерса́нтъ) (which literally translates as The Businessman) is a commerce-oriented newspaper published in Russia. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 341st day of the year (342nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 101st day of the year (102nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ITV News is the name of the news broadcasts on British TV network ITV. It has one of the largest television audiences for news in the UK. It is produced by Independent Television News (ITN), and was more commonly known simply as ITN until 1999. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The United Kingdom Independence Party (commonly known as UKIP, pronounced //) is a British political party. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications organization which is funded by the United States Congress. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Washington Times is a daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C.. It was founded in 1982 as a conservative alternative to the Washington Post by members of the controversial Unification Church. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article concerns the British newspaper. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a radio and communications organization which is funded by the United States Congress. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about Russian citadels. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sky News is a 24-hour British domestic and international television news channel that started broadcasting on 16 February 1989 as part of the then four-channel Sky Television service, as well as a hourly news radio service in the UK. Broadcast of a 24-hour radio service is due... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper and the oldest tabloid, first published in 1896. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 339th day of the year (340th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about Russian citadels. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

Martin Sixsmith: "The Litvinenko File; the True Story of a Death Foretold", Publisher: Macmillan (2 April 2007) ISBN-10: 0230531547 ISBN-13: 978-0230531543

  • A. Litvinenko and A. Goldfarb. Criminal gang from Lubyanka (Russian) GRANI, New York, 2002. ISBN 978-0-9723878-0-4.
    • А. Литвиненко Лубянская преступная группировка 2002 Full book in Russian
  • Yuri Felshtinsky, Alexander Litvinenko, and Geoffrey Andrews. Blowing up Russia: Terror from within Gibson Square Books, London, 2007. ISBN 978-1903933954.
    • Юрий Фельштинский, Алехандер Литвиненко ФСБ ВЗРЫВАЕТ РОССИЮ 2002 Full book in Russian
  • Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko. "Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB." Free Press, New York, 2007. ISBN 978-1416551652.

Alexander Goldfarb or Alex Goldfarb is a Russian microbiologist and activist. ... Lubyanka Criminal Group is a book by Alexander Litvinenko and Alexander Goldfarb about the alleged transformation of the Russian Security Services into a criminal organization. ... Yuri Felshtinsky (b. ... Alexander Goldfarb or Alex Goldfarb is a Russian microbiologist and activist. ... Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB is a non-fiction book written by Alexander Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko about the life and death of former FSB officer Alexander Litvinenko, who was poisoned by the radioactive polonium in London in November 2006. ...

External links

  • Litvinenko Justice Foundation on Litvinenko.org.uk
  • The Alexander Litvinenko Murder Investigation at LitvinenkoMurder.org
  • Murder in a Teapot on "The Blotter" on ABCNews.com
  • From Russia with lies in Salon.com
  • Paul L. Williams Ph.D.& Lee Boyland: Spy Death by Nuclear Poisoning Tied to American Hiroshima
  • Alexander Litvinenko at the Frontline Club accusing Vladimir Putin of the assassination of journalist Anna Politkovskaya (In Russian and English)
  • 'Promise me you won't go back to Russia - or you will be the next' - an article by film-maker Andrei Nekrasov in The Times
  • United Nuclear - an American company which legally sells small quantities of polonium-210 online
  • Russia: High-Profile Killings, Attempted Killings In The Post-Soviet Period, Radio Free Europe, October 19, 2006
  • Dominici and Kennedy Cold Cases item in letter A class, in French
  • Natalia Mozgovaya, Interview with Marina Litvinenko (widow) Part1 Part2 (Russian)
  • Alexander Litvinenko: Obituary and Tribute
  • Dateline: Who killed Alexander Litvinenko?
  • "A conversation with Marina Litvinenko and Alex Goldfarb" Charlie Rose
Persondata
NAME Litvinenko, Alexander
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Litvinenko, Alexander Valterovich; Russian: Литвиненко, Александр Вальтерович
SHORT DESCRIPTION ex-KGB agent and FSB lieutenant-colonel
DATE OF BIRTH 30 August 1962
PLACE OF BIRTH Voronezh,Russia
DATE OF DEATH November 23, 2006
PLACE OF DEATH London, England


 

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