Alexandra of Denmark
Queen Consort of the United Kingdom (more...)
Consort	22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910
Coronation	9 August 1902
Consort to	Edward VII
Issue
Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence George V Louise, Princess Royal Princess Victoria Alexandra Maud of Wales Prince Alexander John
Full name
Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia
Detail Titles
HM Queen Alexandra HM The Queen HRH The Princess of Wales HRH Princess Alexandra of Denmark HH Princess Alexandra of Denmark HSH Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Royal house	House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha House of Oldenburg
Father	Christian IX of Denmark
Mother	Louise of Hesse-Kassel
Born	1 December 1844(1844-12-01) Yellow Palace, Copenhagen
Baptised	7 February 1845 Copenhagen, Denmark
Died	20 November 1925 (aged 80) Sandringham House, Norfolk
Burial	28 November 1925 St George's Chapel, Windsor

Queen Alexandra (Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom and thus Empress of India during her husband's reign. Prior to that, she was Princess of Wales from 1863 to 1901 (the longest anyone has ever held that title). From 1910, until her death, she was the Queen Mother, being a queen and the mother of the reigning monarch, George V of the United Kingdom, though she was more generally styled "Her Majesty Queen Alexandra" (see English Queen Mothers.) Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. ... Prince Joachim of Denmark (Joachim Holger Waldemar Christian), born 7 June 1969, is the younger son of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark. ... Alexandra Christina, Countess of Frederiksborg (née Alexandra Christina Manley, formerly HRH Princess Alexandra of Denmark, HH Princess Alexandra of Denmark), born 30 June 1964, is a former member of the Danish Royal House. ... The precise style of British Sovereigns has varied over the years. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar Duff, née Wettin) (20 February 1867-4 January 1931), was the third child and the eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. ... For other persons known as Princess Victoria, see Princess Victoria (disambiguation) The Princess Victoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary) (6 July 1868-3 December 1935) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child and second daughter of King Edward VII. // Early Life Princess Victoria was born on July... Princess Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria; later Queen Maud of Norway; 26 November 1869 – 20 November 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and later Queen consort of Norway, as the wife of King Haakon VII of Norway. ... Prince Alexander John Charles Albert of Wales, was the youngest son and sixth child of Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and his wife Princess Alexandra, Princess of Wales. ... A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used by royalty. ... Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) was once the name given to the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Germany, in the present states of Bavaria and Thuringia, which were in personal union between 1826 and 1918. ... Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg (or Glücksborg)), from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany, is a line of the House of Oldenburg (Danish: Oldenborg), to which the royal houses of Denmark, Norway, and the former royal house of Greece belong. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... Louise of Hesse-Cassel, Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel (in Danish, Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie), b Kassel 7 Sep 1817, d Bernstorff 29 Sep 1898, was a daughter of ancient German princely family, the Landgraves of Hesse, and became Queen of Denmark, being the... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... Sandringham House is a country house on 8000 acres (32 km²) of land near the village of Sandringham, Norfolk, which is privately owned by the British Royal Family. ... Norfolk (IPA: //) is a low-lying county in East Anglia in the east of southern England. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Members of the public outside St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, waiting to watch the Garter Procession St Georges Chapel is the place of worship at Windsor Castle in England. ... This article is about the English town. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. ... Signature of King Edward VIII The R and I after his name indicate king and emperor in Latin (Rex and Imperator, respectively). ... Camilla Mountbatten-Windsor, the current Princess of Wales. ... Queen Mother is a title reserved for a widowed queen consort whose son or daughter from that union is the reigning monarch. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... A Queen Mother is a person satisfying the following criteria: She is the mother of the current monarch, or possibly of the consort of the monarch (though this would not be normal practice) She has been Queen consort The monarch, if a male, is married; if he is not, his...

Early life

Princess Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia, or "Alix", as she was known within the family, was born at the Yellow Palace, an 18th-century town house at 18 Amaliegade, right next to the Amalienborg Palace complex in Copenhagen.^[1] She was named after Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia,^[2] her aunt by marriage. Her father was Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and her mother was Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel.^[3] Although two of her great great grandfathers, George II and Fredrick V were Kings, and she was of princely blood, her family lived a comparatively normal life, and they did not possess great wealth. Her father's income was about £800 per year and their house was a rent-free grace and favour property.^[4] Occasionally, Hans Christian Andersen would call and tell the children stories before bedtime.^[5] Amalienborg seen from the Copenhagen Operahouse. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... Louise of Hesse-Cassel, Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel (in Danish, Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie), b Kassel 7 Sep 1817, d Bernstorff 29 Sep 1898, was a daughter of ancient German princely family, the Landgraves of Hesse, and became Queen of Denmark, being the... George II may refer to: George II of Württemberg-Mömpelgard (1626–1699). ... There are many different people who may be referred to as Frederick V or Friedrich V. They are listed here in chronological order: Friedrich V, Burggraf of Hohenzollern-Nürnberg (before 1333 - 1398) Friedrich V, Count of Leiningen (died 1327) Friedrich V of Castell, (fl. ... For other uses, see Hans Christian Andersen (disambiguation). ...

In 1848, the King Christian VIII of Denmark died and his only son, Frederick ascended the throne. Frederick was childless, had been through two unsuccessful marriages and was assumed to be infertile. A succession crisis arose as Frederick ruled in both Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, and the succession rules of each were different. In Holstein, the Salic law prevented inheritance through the female line, whereas no such restrictions applied in Denmark. Holstein, being predominantly German, proclaimed independence and called in the aid of Prussia. In 1852, the Great Powers called a conference in London to discuss the Danish succession. An uneasy peace was agreed, which included the provision that Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg would be Frederick's heir in all his dominions and the prior claims of others (who included Christian's own mother-in-law, brother-in-law and wife) were surrendered. Christian VIII Christian VIII (September 18, 1786–January 20, 1848), king of Denmark 1839-48 and of Norway 1814, the eldest son of the Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, was born in 1786 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen. ... King Frederick VII Frederick VII (October 6, 1808 - November 15, 1863) was the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch. ... Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 Bundesländer in Germany. ... The King of the Franks, in the midst of the military chiefs who formed his Treuste -- or armed court, dictates the Salic Law (Code of the Barbaric Laws). ... For other uses, see Prussia (disambiguation). ... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (30 October 1789 — 28 March 1864) was a princess of Denmark. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (26 November 1820 - 14 October 1884) was the only son of Wilhelm I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel-Rumpenheim and Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark. ...

Prince Christian was given the title Prince of Denmark, and his family moved into a new official residence, Bernstorff Palace. Although the family's status had risen, there was no or little increase in their income, and they did not participate in court life at Copenhagen as they refused to meet Frederick's third wife, Louise Rasmussen, his former mistress, who had an illegitimate child by a previous lover.^[6] Bernstorff Palace Bernstorff Palace in Gentofte, Denmark was built in the middle of the 18th century for Foreign Minister Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von Bernstorff. ...

Alexandra grew into a young woman at Bernstorff; she was taught English by the English chaplain at Copenhagen and was confirmed in the Christiansborg Palace.^[7] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Christiansborg Palace Christiansborg Palace Christiansborg Palace at night Christiansborg Palace on Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen is the home of Denmarks three supreme powers: the royal power, the legislative power, and the judicial power. ...

Marriage and family

Alexandra (right) with her daughter Victoria

Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her husband, Prince Albert, were already concerned with finding a bride for their son and heir, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and enlisted the aid of their daughter, Crown Princess Victoria of Prussia, in seeking a suitable candidate. Although Alexandra of Denmark was not their first choice, since the Danes were at loggerheads with the Prussians over the Schleswig-Holstein Question and most of the British royal family's relations were German, eventually they settled on her as "the only one to be chosen".^[8]. Alexandra was a great, great, great grandchild of George II of the United Kingdom via at least three lines (twice through her father, and once through her mother), which made her a fourth cousin of Bertie. Alexandra was also in the line of succession to the British throne but far down the list. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 515 × 600 pixels Full resolution (926 × 1078 pixel, file size: 217 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, born princess Alexandra of Denmark, wife of Edward VII of the UK (right in picture), together with her daughter... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 515 × 600 pixels Full resolution (926 × 1078 pixel, file size: 217 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, born princess Alexandra of Denmark, wife of Edward VII of the UK (right in picture), together with her daughter... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (in full Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel), later The Prince Consort, (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... This article is about the title Prince of Wales. ... Victoria of the United Kingdom (born Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise) 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert. ... The Schleswig-Holstein Question was the name given to the whole complex of diplomatic and other issues arising in the 19th century out of the relations of the two duchies, Schleswig and Holstein, to the Danish crown and to the German Confederation. ... Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is shared between the Commonwealth Realms; this article focuses on the perspective of United Kingdom. ... George II King of Great Britain and Ireland George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683–25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ...

On 24 September 1861, Bertie's sister, the Crown Princess of Prussia, introduced Bertie and Alix at Speyer, but it was not until 9 September 1862 (after his affair with Nellie Clifden and the death of his father), that Bertie proposed to Alix at the Royal Castle of Laeken, the home of his uncle, Leopold I of Belgium.^[9][10] is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Victoria of the United Kingdom (born Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise) 21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter of Queen Victoria and her consort Albert. ... Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a city in Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about 1862 . ... The Royal Castle of Laeken The Royal Castle of Laeken (Château Royal de Laeken / Koninklijk kasteel van Laken), is the official residence of the King of the Belgians. ... Leopold I of the Belgians (Leopold George Christian Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) (b. ...

A few months later, Alix travelled from Denmark to the United Kingdom aboard the HMY Victoria and Albert II for her marriage and arrived in Gravesend, Kent on 7 March 1863.^[11] Sir Arthur Sullivan composed music for her arrival and Alfred Tennyson, the Poet Laureate, wrote an ode in Alexandra's honour: HMY Victoria and Albert, a 360 foot steamer launched 16 January 1855, was a Royal Yacht of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom until 1900, owned and operated by the Royal Navy. ... Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. ... is the 66th day of the year (67th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan (May 13, 1842 – November 22, 1900) was an English composer best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert. ... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ...

The couple were married on 10 March 1863 at St George's Chapel, Windsor, and the occasion was recorded in a commissioned painting by William Powell Frith.^[13] The choice of venue was criticised in the press (as it was outside London large public crowds would not be able to view the spectacle), by prospective guests (it was awkward to get to and, as the venue was small, some people who had expected invitations were not invited) and the Danes (as only Alexandra's closest relations were invited). The court was still in mourning for Prince Albert, so ladies were restricted to wearing grey, lilac or mauve.^[14] They were seen off on their honeymoon at Osborne on the Isle of Wight by the schoolboys of neighbouring Eton College, including Lord Randolph Churchill.^[15] March 10 is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... St. ... Detail of a nude by Frith William Powell Frith (January 19, 1819 - November 9, 1909), was an English painter specialising in portraits and Victorian era narratives, who was elected to the Royal Academy in 1852. ... Osborne, along with Osbourne and Osborn, is an adaptation of Asbjørn, an old Norse (viking) name which is pronounced oosbern. ... For other uses, see Isle of Wight (disambiguation). ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British statesman. ...

By the end of the following year, her father ascended the throne of Denmark, her brother became King of the Hellenes, her sister was engaged to the Tsarevitch of Russia,^[16] and Alexandra gave birth to her first child. Her father's accession gave rise to further conflict over the fate of Schleswig-Holstein; the German Confederation invaded and Denmark was defeated, reducing the area of Denmark by two-fifths. Alexandra's first child, Albert Victor, was born two months prematurely in early 1864. Alexandra was devoted to her children: "She was in her glory when she could run up to the nursery, put on a flannel apron, wash the children herself and see them asleep in their little beds."^[17] Albert Edward and Alexandra had six children in total: George I, King of the Hellenes (Greek: , Georgios A Vasileus ton Ellinon; December 24, 1845 – March 18, 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. ... This is a list of the Kings of Greece, formally known by the title of King of the Hellenes House of Wittelsbach Otto (1832-1862) House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg George I (1863 - 1913) Constantine I (1913 - 1917) first time Alexander (1917 - 1920) Constantine I (1920 - 1922) second... Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (November 26, 1847–October 13, 1928) was Empress Consort of Russia. ... Nicholas (Nikolai) Alexandrovich Romanov (Russian: ) (September 20, 1843 - April 24, 1865) was Tsarevich of Imperial Russia from March 2, 1855 until his death. ... Combatants Prussia Austria German Confederation Denmark Commanders Friedrich Graf von Wrangel Christian Julius De Meza replaced by George Daniel Gerlach on February 29 Strength At the outbreak of war: 61,000 158 guns Later reinforcements: 20,000 64 guns[1] 38,000 100+ guns[2] Casualties 1,700+ killed, wounded... The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire, which had been abolished in 1806. ...

Alexandra enjoyed many social activities, including dancing and ice-skating, and was an expert horsewoman and tandem driver.^[18] Even after the birth of her first child, she continued to behave much as before, and this led to some friction between the Queen and the young couple, which was exacerbated by Alexandra's loathing of Germans and the Queen's partiality towards them. All of Alexandra's children were born premature; during the birth of her third child in 1867 complications threatened her life and she was left with a permanent limp.^[19] She also suffered an increasing degree of deafness, caused by hereditary otosclerosis. Her increasing deafness led to social isolation, and Alexandra spent more time at home with her children and pets.^[20] Her final pregnancy ended in tragedy when her infant son died after only a day of life. Despite Alexandra's pleas for privacy, Queen Victoria insisted on announcing a period of court mourning, which led to unsympathetic elements of the press to describe the birth as "a wretched abortion" and the funeral arrangements as "sickening mummery".^[21] This article or section includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was the Queen Consort of George V. Queen Mary was also the Empress of India. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. ... The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar) (20 February 1867-4 January 1931), was the third child and the eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Scottish member of parliament. ... is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1849 (MDCCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other persons known as Princess Victoria, see Princess Victoria (disambiguation) The Princess Victoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary) (6 July 1868-3 December 1935) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child and second daughter of King Edward VII. // Early Life Princess Victoria was born on July... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Princess Maud of the United Kingdom later Queen of Norway (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria) (26 November 1869-20 November 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and later Queen consort of King Haakon VII of Norway. ... is the 330th day of the year (331st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark, born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (August 3, 1872 – September 21, 1957), was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. ... is the 215th day of the year (216th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Prince Alexander John Charles Albert of Wales, was the youngest son and sixth child of Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and his wife Princess Alexandra, Princess of Wales. ... is the 96th day of the year (97th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Combined driving also known as Horse Driving Trials is an equestrian sport involving carriage driving. ... Otosclerosis is a progressive degenerative condition of the temporal bone which can result in hearing loss. ...

Princess of Wales

Alexandra with her daughters Victoria (right) and Louise (left)

Albert Edward and Alexandra undertook a six-month tour taking in Austria, Egypt and Greece over 1868–9, which included visits to her brother, George I of Greece and, for her only, to the harem of the Khedive Ismail. In Turkey she became the first woman to sit down to dinner with the Sultan Abdul-Aziz, and later the royal party visited the Crimean battlefields.^[22] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 432 × 599 pixels Full resolution (1566 × 2173 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 432 × 599 pixels Full resolution (1566 × 2173 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other persons known as Princess Victoria, see Princess Victoria (disambiguation) The Princess Victoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary) (6 July 1868-3 December 1935) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child and second daughter of King Edward VII. // Early Life Princess Victoria was born on July... Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar Duff, née Wettin) (20 February 1867-4 January 1931), was the third child and the eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. ... Ismail Pasha Ismail Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) (Arabic: إسماعيل باشا), was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879. ... Abdülâziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز ‘Abdü’l-‘AzÄ«z) was the 32nd sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between June 25, 1861 and May 30, 1876. ... Motto Процветание в единстве(Russian) Protsvetanie v edinstve(transliteration) Prosperity in unity Anthem Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина(Russian) Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina(transliteration) Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) with respect to Ukraine (light blue). ...

Albert Edward and Alexandra made Sandringham House their preferred residence, and their marriage was in many ways a happy one. However, Albert Edward did not give his wife or children as much attention as she would have liked, and they gradually became estranged, until his serious illness in the early 1870s brought about a reconciliation.^[23] Their relationship had its ups and downs over the years. Albert Edward, even after winning back his wife's affections, continued to keep mistresses, among them the actress Lillie Langtry; Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick; humanitarian Agnes Keyser, and society matron Alice Keppel. Sandringham House is a country house on 8000 acres (32 km²) of land near the village of Sandringham, Norfolk, which is privately owned by the British Royal Family. ... This article refers to Langtry, Lillie. ... Frances Evelyn Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick [1] (10 December 1861–26 July 1938) was a society beauty and courtesan, and a mistress to King Edward VII. [2] Royal marriage, affairs Born Frances Evelyn Maynard, she was the daughter of The Hon. ... Agnes Keyser was the wealthy daughter of a Stock Exchange member, a humanitarian, and longtime mistress to Edward VII of the United Kingdom. ... Alice Frederica Edmonstone Keppel (14 October 1869 – 22 November 1947) was a British socialite and the most famous mistress of Edward VII of the United Kingdom, the eldest son of Queen Victoria. ...

Most of these were with the full knowledge of Alexandra. It is commonly stated that the Queen allowed Alice Keppel to sit by the King's bedside as he lay dying. However, Alexandra was wholeheartedly against it; Keppel forced herself on Sandringham House, and when asked by the Queen to leave the bedchamber, she created an embarrassing scene and had to be escorted out. She merely tolerated Keppel, but never accepted her. Alexandra did not like the fact that Keppel appeared everywhere that she and Albert Edward went. Alexandra herself remained faithful throughout her marriage. Alice Frederica Edmonstone Keppel (14 October 1869 – 22 November 1947) was a British socialite and the most famous mistress of Edward VII of the United Kingdom, the eldest son of Queen Victoria. ...

In 1881, Alexandra and Albert Edward travelled to St Petersburg after the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, so that Alexandra could provide comfort to her sister, who was now the Tsarina, and to represent Britain.^[24] Alexandra undertook many public duties; in the words of Queen Victoria, "to spare me the strain and fatigue of functions. She opens bazaars, attends concerts, visits hospitals in my place…she not only never complains, but endeavours to prove that she has enjoyed what to another would be a tiresome duty."^[25] She took a particular interest in the London Hospital, visiting it regularly. Joseph Merrick, the so-called "Elephant Man", was one of the patients whom she visited.^[26] Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and... Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevich (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St. ... The Elephant Man redirects here. ...

The death of her eldest son, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, in 1892 was a serious blow to the tender-hearted Alexandra, and his room and possessions were kept exactly as he had left them, much as those of Prince Albert were left after his death in 1861.^[27] She said, "I have buried my angel and with him my happiness."^[28] In 1894, her brother-in-law, Alexander III of Russia, died and her nephew, Nicholas II of Russia became Tsar. The widowed Dagmar leant heavily on Alexandra for support, who slept, prayed and stayed beside her sister for the next two weeks until Alexander's burial.^[29]. This article or section includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch of the House of Wettin) (26 August 1819 - 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Nicholas II redirects here. ...

Queen Alexandra

Frontispiece to Queen Alexandra's Christmas gift book, containing royal photographs published to raise money for charities

As Queen from 1901 to 1910, and Queen Mother thereafter, Alexandra was greatly loved by the British people.^[30] During the Boer War, she founded Queen Alexandra's Nursing Corps, which became known as the "Q.A.s". She had a distinct dislike of the Germans, a hatred that stemmed from the Prussian conquest of the formerly Danish lands Schleswig and Holstein during the Second War of Schleswig in 1864. For this reason, biographers have asserted that she was denied access to the King's briefing papers and excluded from some of the King's foreign tours in order to prevent her meddling in diplomatic matters.^[31] The Frankfurter Zeitung was outspoken in its condemnation of Alexandra and her sister, Dagmar, Dowager Empress of Russia, saying that the pair were "the centre of the international anti-German conspiracy".^[32] She despised and distrusted her nephew, William II of Germany, calling him in 1900 "inwardly our enemy".^[33] Image File history File links This work is copyrighted. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 388 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1241 × 1918 pixel, file size: 605 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photograph of Princess Alexandra of Denmark 1844-1925, wife of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 388 × 600 pixels Full resolution (1241 × 1918 pixel, file size: 605 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photograph of Princess Alexandra of Denmark 1844-1925, wife of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. ... Combatants British Empire Orange Free State South African Republic Commanders Sir Redvers Buller Lord Kitchener Lord Roberts Paul Kruger Louis Botha Koos de la Rey Martinus Steyn Christiaan de Wet Casualties 6,000 - 7,000 (A further ~14,000 from disease) 6,000 - 8,000 (Unknown number from disease) Civilians... Cap Badge of the Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps The Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps (QARANC) is part of the Army Medical Services in the British Army. ... The region of Schleswig (former English name: Sleswick, Danish: Sønderjylland or Slesvig, Low German: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ... Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe and Eider. ... Combatants Prussia Austria German Confederation Denmark Commanders Friedrich Graf von Wrangel Christian Julius De Meza replaced by George Daniel Gerlach on February 29 Strength At the outbreak of war: 61,000 158 guns Later reinforcements: 20,000 64 guns[1] 38,000 100+ guns[2] Casualties 1,700+ killed, wounded... The Frankfurter Zeitung was a German newspaper that appeared from 1856 to 1943. ... Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern (January 27, 1859 - June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia from 1888 - 1918. ...

In 1907, Alexandra and Dagmar purchased a villa north of Copenhagen, Hvidore, as a private getaway.^[34] In 1910, Alexandra was visiting her brother, George I of Greece, in Corfu when she received news that the King was seriously ill. Alexandra returned at once, and arrived just the day before her husband died. In his last hours, she personally administered him oxygen from a gas cylinder to help him breathe.^[35] She told Frederick Ponsonby, "I feel as if I had been turned into stone, unable to cry, unable to grasp the meaning of it all."^[36] Later that year, she moved out of Buckingham Palace to Marlborough House, but she retained possession of Sandringham; she did not attend her son's coronation in 1911 but otherwise continued the public side of her life, devoting time to her charitable causes, one of the most notable being Alexandra Rose Day, where artificial roses made by the disabled were sold in aid of hospitals by women volunteers.^[37] This article is about the Greek island Kerkyra known in English as Corfu or Corcyra. ... Frederick Edward Grey Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby PC (16 September 1867–20 October 1935) was a son of Sir Henry Ponsonby. ... Buckingham Palace and the Victoria Memorial. ... Marlborough House, London Marlborough House is a mansion in Westminster, London. ... Alexandra Rose Day is a chartiable fund raising event held in the United Kingdom since 1912. ...

During the First World War, it is said that her son, George V, ordered all the Order of the Garter arms of those who fought for Germany removed from St. George's Chapel, Windsor at her insistence. A further reason for expelling the Germans from the Order of the Garter was that a Knight of the Garter swears an oath never to take up arms against the British Sovereign. During the First and Second World Wars, this became an embarrassing mockery, and the German members of the Order were expelled therefrom in 1915 in a solemn ceremony at St. George's Chapel. During the Second World War, Hirohito, the Emperor of Japan, was also expelled from the Order. Today, the Order of the Garter, the bestowing of which is the exclusive gift and prerogative of the Sovereign, is awarded much more sparingly.^[38] In Russia, Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and he, his wife and children were killed by revolutionaries. The Dowager Empress, Dagmar, Alexandra's sister, was rescued from Russia in 1919 by a British warship, HMS Marlborough, and brought to England where she lived for some time with her sister.^[39] “The Great War ” redirects here. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... The insignia of a knight of the Order of the Garter. ... St Georges Chapel, Windsor St. ... Emperor Shōwa ) (April 29, 1901 – January 7, 1989) was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from December 25, 1926 until his death in 1989. ... Nicholas II redirects here. ... Princess Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar (November 26, 1847 - October 13, 1928) was born as the second daughter of Louise of Hesse and Christian of Glucksburg. ... HMS Marlborough was an Iron Duke-class battleship of the Royal Navy, named in honour of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and launched in 1912. ...

Like many royals of her generation, Queen Alexandra had no understanding of money despite the endeavours of her loyal Comptroller, Sir Dighton Probyn VC, who had a similar role when her husband was Prince of Wales and later as King Edward VII.

Alexandra remained youthful looking into her senior years, thanks to elaborate veils and very heavy makeup (an observer described her as looking enamelled). She died on 20 November 1925 after suffering a heart attack, at Sandringham, and was buried in an elaborate tomb next to her husband in St. George's Chapel at Windsor.^[1] is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Heart attack redirects here. ... Sandringham House is a country house on 8000 acres (32 km²) of land near the village of Sandringham, Norfolk, which is privately owned by the British Royal Family. ... This article is about the English town. ...

Legacy

Alexandra was highly popular with the public, and, unlike her husband and mother-in-law, was not castigated by the press.^[40] Funds that she helped to collect were used to fit out a hospital ship to bring back wounded from the Boer War was named The Princess of Wales in her honour.^[41] Alexandra Palace in North London, the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto and Queen Alexandra Bridge in Sunderland are named after her. Crewe Alexandra F.C. is thought to be named in her honour. There were two Boer Wars: the First Boer War (1880–1881) the Second Boer War (1899–1902). ... Alexandra Palace from the south Alexandra Palace was built in an area spanning Wood Green and Muswell Hill, North London, England in 1873 as a public entertainment centre and North London counterpart of The Crystal Palace. ... North London is that part of London which is north of the River Thames. ... The Royal Alexandra theatre The Royal Alexandra Theatre is a theatre in Toronto, Ontario Canada. ... This article is about the bridge crossing the River Wear; for the bridge crossing the Ottawa River, see Alexandra Bridge. ... For other uses, see Sunderland (disambiguation). ... Crewe Alexandra Football Club are an English football team based at Gresty Road in Crewe, Cheshire, England and nicknamed The Railwaymen due to that towns links with the rail industry. ...

Self-conscious about a scar on her neck that she had since childhood, she hid it by wearing high choker necklaces and dresses. A strikingly attractive woman, Alexandra's high necklines started a fashion craze.

Queen Alexandra was portrayed by Maggie Smith in the BBC TV film All the King's Men. Dame Margaret Natalie Smith, DBE (born 28 December 1934), better known as Dame Maggie Smith, is a two-time Academy Award, and Emmy-winning English film, stage, and television actress. ... For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... For film adaptations of the American novel, see All the Kings Men. ...

The Alexandra Rose Day fund still exists, its patron is Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Alexandra's great granddaughter. Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy (Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel; born 25 December 1936), is a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George V. She was married to the late Sir Angus Ogilvy. ...

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• Her Serene Highness Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1844–1853)
• Her Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1853–1858)
• Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1858–1863)
• Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales (1863–1901)
• Her Majesty The Queen (1901–1910)
• Her Majesty Queen Alexandra (1910–1925)

Queen Alexandra's standard, recovered by Sir Ernest Shackleton from the ship Endurance before she sank

Image File history File links This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links This work is copyrighted. ... Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO, OBE (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Irish explorer who was knighted for the success of the 1907-09 British Antarctic Expedition under his command. ...

Honours

In 1901, she became the first woman to be made a Lady of the Garter since 1495.^[42][43] The Most Noble Order of the Garter was founded by King Edward III of England in 1348 as a society, fellowship and college of knights. ...

Arms

Queen Alexandra's arms were the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom impaled with the arms of her father, King Christian IX of Denmark. The Royal Arms as used in England, Wales and Northern Ireland The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. These arms are used by the Queen in her official capacity as monarch, and are officially...

Ancestors

Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (August 20, 1757 - April 24, 1816) , was the son of Karl Anton August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and Friederike von Dohna-Schlobitten. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... Charles of Hesse (Danish: Carl af Hessen; German: ) (Kassel 19 December 1744 – Luisenlund 17 August 1836) was born in Kassel as the second surviving son of Kassels then hereditary prince, the future Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and his first wife Princess Mary of Great Britain. ... Luise Caroline, Princess of Hesse-Kassel (28 September 1789 – 13 March 1867) was the consort of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and the matriarch of the house of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. ... Louise, Princess of Denmark and Norway (January 30, 1750 - January 12, 1831) was the daughter of King Frederik V and Princess Louise, daughter of King George II and Caroline of Ansbach. ... Prince Frederick of Hesse (11 September 1747 – 20 May 1837) was a younger member of the dynasty that ruled the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel and a Danish general. ... Prince William of Hesse-Kassel Prince William of Hesse-Kassel (24 December 1787 – 5 September 1867), son of Friedrich, Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel and Karoline of Nassau-Usingen. ... Louise of Hesse-Cassel, Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel (in Danish, Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie), b Kassel 7 Sep 1817, d Bernstorff 29 Sep 1898, was a daughter of ancient German princely family, the Landgraves of Hesse, and became Queen of Denmark, being the... Frederick (Danish: Frederik), Hereditary Prince of Denmark, born Copenhagen 11. ... Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (30 October 1789 — 28 March 1864) was a princess of Denmark. ... Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (24 August 1758 — 29 November 1794), in Danish Sophie Frederikke of Mecklenburg, was a Princess and Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. ...

See also

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Alexandra of Denmark. ... Image File history File links Sound-icon. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Sound-icon. ... Queen Alexandra wearing her crown, minus its arches, as a circlet, circa her coronation in 1902 The Crown of Queen Alexandra was the consort crown of Alexandra of Denmark, the Queen Consort of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. ...

Notes

Emily Theresa Russell, Baroness Ampthill, VA (9 September 1843–22 February 1927) was a British courtier. ... Alexander III Alexandrovich (10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Russian: Александр III Александрович) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 14 March 1881 until his death in 1894. ...

References

• Duff, David (1980). Alexandra: Princess and Queen. London: Collins. ISBN 0002166674.