The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. They are all thought to descend from Proto-Algic, a second-order proto language reconstructed using Proto-Algonquian and the attested languages Wiyot and Yurok. This is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous peoples. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

Pre-contact distribution of Algic languages (in red)

Most Algic languages are part of the Algonquian subfamily, which are spoken from the Rocky Mountains to New England. The other Algic languages are the Yurok and Wiyot languages of northwestern California. The original Algic homeland is thought to have been located in the Pacific Northwest, along the shores of the Columbia River. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (702x643, 121 KB) distribution of Algic languages info created by en:User:ish ishwar in 2005 released under CC-by-2. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (702x643, 121 KB) distribution of Algic languages info created by en:User:ish ishwar in 2005 released under CC-by-2. ... The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... White Goat Wilderness Area, Alberta, Canada The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a broad mountain range in western North America. ... The states of New England are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. ... Yurok (also Weitspekan) is an Algic language. ... Wiyot (also Wishosk) is an extinct Algic language. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 3rd 410,000 km² 402. ...

Family division

Algic consists of 30 languages.

I. Wiyot

1. Wiyot (a.k.a. Wishosk) (†)

II. Yurok Wiyot (also Wishosk) is an extinct Algic language. ...

2. Yurok (a.k.a. Weitspekan)

III. Algonquian languages (a.k.a. Algonkian) Yurok (also Weitspekan) is an Algic language. ... The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ...

3. Arapaho (a.k.a. Arapaho-Atsina)

4. Blackfoot (a.k.a. Blackfeet)

5. Cheyenne

6. Cree (a.k.a. Cree-Montagnais or Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi)

7. Fox (a.k.a. Fox-Sauk-Kickapoo or Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo)

8. Menominee (a.k.a. Menomimi)

9. Miami-Illinois (a.k.a. Peoria) (†)

10. Ojibwa (a.k.a. Ojibway, Ojibwe, Chippeway, Ojibwa-Potawatomi, or Ojibwa-Potawatomi-Ottawa)

11. Potawatomi (a.k.a. Ojibwa-Potawatomi)

12. Shawnee

A. Eastern Algonquian

13. Eastern Abenaki (a.k.a. Abenaki or Abenaki-Penobscot)

14. Etchemin (†)

15. "Loup A" (a.k.a. Nipmuck ?) (†)

16. "Loup B" (†)

17. Mahican (a.k.a. Mohican) (†)

18. Maliseet (a.k.a. Maliseet-Passamquoddy or Malecite-Passamquoddy)

19. Massachusett (a.k.a. Natick) (†)

20. Micmac (a.k.a. Mi’kmaq, Mi’kmag, or Mi’kmaw)

21. Mohegan-Pequot (†)

22. Munsee (a.k.a. Delaware)

23. Nanticoke (a.k.a. Nanticoke-Convoy) (†)

24. Narragansett (†)

25. Pamlico (a.k.a. Carolina Algonquian, Pamtico, or Pampticough) (†)

26. Powhatan (a.k.a. Virginia Algonquian) (†)

27. Quiripi-Naugatuck-Unquachog (a.k.a. Connecticut-Naugatuck-Unquachog) (†)

28. Shinnecock (†)

29. Unami (a.k.a. Delaware or Lenape)(†)

30. Western Abenaki (a.k.a. Abnaki, St. Francis, Abenaki, or Abenaki-Penobscot)

Wiyot, Miami, Illinois, Etchemin, Loup A, Loup B, Mahican, Massachusett, Mohegan, Pequot, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Pamlico, Powhatan, Quiripi, Naugatuck, Unami, Unquachog, and Shinnecock are now extinct. The last known Wiyot speaker died in 1962. All other languages are endangered. Yurok is thought to have ten or fewer speakers. The Arapaho language (also Arapahoe) language is a Plains Algonquian language spoken almost entirely by elders in Wyoming. ... Blackfoot is the name of any of the Algonquian languages spoken by the Blackfoot tribe of Native Americans, who currently live in the northwestern plains of North America. ... The Cheyenne language is a Native American language spoken in present-day Montana and Oklahoma, USA. It is part of the Algonquian language family. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... The Fox tribe of Native Americans are an Algonquian language-speaking group that are now merged with the allied Sac tribe as the Sac and Fox Nation. ... The Menominee language is an Algonquian language spoken on the Menominee (Menomini) Nation lands in Northern Wisconsin in the United States. ... The Miami language is a Native American language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in northern Indiana and Ohio by members of the Miami tribe. ... The Illinois language is a Native American language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois and adjacent areas along the Mississippi River by several subtribes, among them the Kaskaskia, Peoria, and Tamaroa. ... Ojibwe, Ojibwa, Chippewa or Anishinaabemowin in Eastern Ojibwe syllabics) is the third most commonly spoken Native language in Canada (after Cree and Inuktitut), and the fourth most spoken in North America (behind Navajo, Cree, and Inuktitut). ... Rain dance, Kansas, c. ... The Shawnee, or Shawano, are a people native to North America. ... Abenaki is the cover term for a complex of dialects of one of the Eastern Algonquian languages, originally spoken in what is now Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine. ... Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. ... The Mahicans (also Mohicans) are a Native American tribe who were living in and around the Hudson Valley at the time of their first contact with Europeans in 1609. ... The Maliseet (also known as Wolastoqiyik and Malecite and in French also as Malécites or Étchemins (the latter collectively referring to the Maliseet and Passamaquoddy)) are a Native American/First Nations people who inhabit the Saint John River valley and its tributaries, roughly overlapping the International Boundary between New... The Massachusett were tribal communities of Native Americans who lived in the coastal areas of what is now the state of Massachusetts. ... The Mikmaq language (also spelled Míkmaq, Migmaq, and Micmac) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by around 7,300 Mikmaq in Canada, and another 1,200 in United States, out of a total ethnic Mikmaq population of roughly 20,000. ... The Mohegans are a Native American tribe that formerly inhabitated eastern Connecticut. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... Nanticoke is the name of several places in North America: Nanticoke in New York, United States Nanticoke in Pennsylvania, United States Nanticoke in Ontario, Canada Nanticoke could also refer to: Nanticoke, an Algonquian language. ... The Narragansett tribe, or more accurately Nahahiganseck Sovereign Nation, are a Native American tribe who controlled the area surrounding Narragansett Bay in present-day Rhode Island, and also portions of Connecticut, and eastern Massachusetts. ... The Pamlico were a Native American people of North Carolina, U.S.A.. They spoke Algonquian. ... The Powhatan (also spelled Powatan and Powhaten) were a very powerful confederacy of Native American tribes, speaking an Algonquian language, who lived in what is now Virginia at the time of the first English-Native encounters. ... Quiripi is the name of a Native American language of the Algonquin language family, specifically the Algonquin-Mosan branch. ... Naugatuck is a borough located in New Haven County, Connecticut. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Human taste sensory organs, called taste buds or gustatory calyculi, and concentrated on the upper surface of the tongue, appear to be receptive to relatively few chemical species as tastes. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... Abenaki couple The Abenaki (also Wabanaki), meaning people of the dawn, are a tribe of Native Americans/First Nations belonging to the Algonquian peoples of northeasternNorth America. ... An extinct language (also called a dead language) is a language which no longer has any native speakers. ... An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use. ...

The two Algic languages of California, Wiyot and Yurok, have sometimes been combined into a subgroup called Ritwan (leading to a two-branch genetic tree of Ritwan and Algonquian). This grouping has been disfavored by many specialists.

However, Howard Berman (1982) has suggested that Wiyot and Yurok in fact share sound changes not shared by the rest of Algic, which would indicate that Wiyot and Yurok do indeed form a genetic 'Ritwan' group. There is not yet scholarly consensus on this question among specialists in the Algic languages.

Within the Algonquian subfamily there is a smaller genetic grouping of the Eastern Algonquian languages. The other (non-Eastern) Algonquian languages have sometimes been categorized into two smaller subgroups: Central Algonquian and Plains Algonquian. However, these two subgroups are not based on genetic relationship but are rather areal subgroups. (See Algonquian.) The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ...

Bibilography

• Berman, Howard. (1982). Two Phonological Innovations in Ritwan. IJAL 48: 412-20.
• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-1604-8774-9.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).