Andreas Georgiou Papandreou Greek: Ανδρέας Γεωργίου Παπανδρέου
3rd and 8th Prime Minister of the Third Hellenic Republic
In office October 21, 1981 – July 2, 1989 October 13, 1993 – January 22, 1996
Preceded by	George Rallis (1981) Constantine Mitsotakis (1993)
Succeeded by	Tzannis Tzannetakis (1989) Costas Simitis (1996)
Born	February 15, 1919(1919-02-15) Chios, Greece
Died	June 23, 1996 (aged 77) Athens, Greece
Political party	Panhellenic Socialist Movement
Spouse	Margaret Papandreou Dimitra Liani

Andreas Georgiou Papandreou (Greek: Ανδρέας Γ. Παπανδρέου) (5 February 1919 – 23 June 1996) was a Greek economist, a socialist politician and a major figure in Greek politics. He served three terms as Prime Minister of Greece (October 21, 1981, to July 2, 1989, and October 13, 1993, to January 22, 1996). In 1999, Papandreou was posthumously awarded the Swedish Order of the Polar Star. The Prime Minister of Greece (Greek: ) is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... George Rallis (Greek form Giorgos or Georgios Rallis) (26 December 1918-15 March 2006), was a Greek politician, and Prime Minister of Greece from 10 May 1980 to 21 October 1981. ... Constantine Mitsotakis Constantine Mitsotakis (in Greek:Κωνσταντίνος Μητσοτάκης-Konstantinos Mitsotakis) (born October 18, 1918), Greek politician, was born in Chania, Crete. ... Tzannis Tzannetakis (born September 13, 1927), Greek politician, was briefly Prime Minister of Greece during the political crisis of 1989-1990. ... Constantinos Simitis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Σημίτης) (born June 23, 1936), usually referred to as Costas Simitis, was Prime Minister of Greece and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) from 1996 to 2004. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Chios (Greek: , alternative transliterations Khios and Hios), is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated in the Aegean Sea seven kilometres (five miles) off the Turkish coast. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Athens (disambiguation). ... The Panhellenic Socialist Movement, better known as PASOK (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα, Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima, ΠΑΣΟΚ), is a Greek social democratic political party. ... Dimitra Liani is the former first lady of Greece (1993-1996). ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Face-to-face trading interactions on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor. ... Note on Greek names: There is no firm convention for the rendering of Greek personal names into English. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... The Order of the Polar Star (Swedish Nordstjärneorden) is a Swedish Royal order of chivalry created by King Frederick I of Sweden on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Seraphim. ...

Early life and career

Papandreou was born on the island of Chios, Greece, the son of the leading Greek liberal politician George Papandreou. His mother, born Zofia (Sofia) Mineyko, was half Polish. Before university, he attended Athens Experimental (Piramatiko) Lyceum, a leading public secondary education institution in Greece. He attended the University of Athens from 1937, and from 1938 he was active in Trotskyist groups.^{[citation needed]} The Greek Parliament approved Ioannis Metaxas as Prime Minister in April 1936. After a turbulent period of strikes and unrest, Metaxas by Royal Decree suspended the Parliament on 4th August 1936 and prepared Greece ultimately for World War II. Chios (Greek: , alternative transliterations Khios and Hios), is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated in the Aegean Sea seven kilometres (five miles) off the Turkish coast. ... George Papandandreou George Papandreou (in Greek Georgios Papandreou or Γεώργιος Παπανδρέου) (18 February 1888 - 1 November 1968) was a Greek politician. ... For the object, see Pole. ... The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greek: Εθνικόν και Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνών), usually referred to simply as the University of Athens, is the oldest university in the region of the eastern Mediterranean and has been in continuous operation since its establishment in 1837. ... Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... Ioannis Metaxas (Greek Ιωάννης Μεταξάς, April 12, 1871 – January 29, 1941) was a Greek General and the Prime Minister of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. ...

In 1942, Papandreou enrolled at Harvard University, where he completed a doctorate in economics. In 1943, Papandreou joined America's war effort and volunteered for the US Navy where he served as a nurse at Bethesda Hospital for war wounded,^[1] and became a United States citizen. He returned to Harvard in 1946 and served as a lecturer and associate professor until 1947. He then held professorships at the University of Minnesota, Northwestern University, the University of California, Berkeley (where he was chair of the Department of Economics), the University of Stockholm and York University in Toronto, Canada. In 1948, he entered into a relationship with University of Minnesota journalism student Margaret Chant,^[2]. After Chant obtained a divorce and after hiS own divorce with Christina Rasia, his first wife, Papandreou and Chant were married in 1951. They had three sons and a daughter. Papandreou also had a daughter out of wedlock living in Sweden.^[3] Harvard redirects here. ... This article is about the occupation. ... Bethesda Hospital may mean:- Bethesda Hospital, Yogyakarta Bethesda Hospital, Perth Bethesda Category: ... This article is about the oldest and largest campus of the University of Minnesota. ... Northwestern University (NU) is a selective private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university with campuses located in Evanston, Illinois and downtown Chicago, Illinois. ... Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais. ... Stockholm University Stockholm University, or Stockholms universitet, is a state university in Stockholm, Sweden. ... York University (French: Université York), located in Toronto, Ontario, is Canadas third-largest university and has produced several of the countrys top leaders in the fields of law, politics, literature, philosophy, journalism, management, meteorological, chemical, and space sciences, and fine arts including film, theatre, jazz and experimental music... This article is about the oldest and largest campus of the University of Minnesota. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Illegitimacy was a term in common usage for the condition of being born of parents who are not validly married to one another; the legal term is bastardy. ...

Political career

Papandreou returned to Greece in 1959, where he headed an economic development research program, by invitation of Prime Minister Constantine Karamanlis. In 1960, he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors and General Director of the Athens Economic Research Center, and Advisor to the Bank of Greece. In 1963, his father George Papandreou, head of the Center Union, became Prime Minister of Greece. Andreas became his chief economic advisor. He renounced his American citizenship and was elected to the Greek Parliament in the Greek legislative election, 1964. He immediately became Minister to the First Ministry of State (in effect, assistant Prime Minister). This article is about the former Greek president who lived from 1907 to 1998. ... Not to be confused with the National Bank of Greece. ... The Center Union (Greek: Ένωση Κέντρου, Enosi Kentrou; abbreviation: EK) was the political party created in 1961 by Greek politician George Papandreou. ... The Hellenic Parliament (Greek: Βουλή των Ελλήνων; transliterated Vouli ton Ellinon; literally Council of the Greeks) is the parliament of Greece, located in Syntagma Square in Athens. ... The Greek legislative election of the 19 February 1961 resulted in a clear victory for Georgios Papandreou and his Center Union party. ...

Papandreou took publicly a neutral stand on the Cold War and wished for Greece to be more independent from the USA. He also criticized the massive presence of American military and intelligence in Greece, and sought to remove senior officers with "anti-democratic tendencies" from the Greek military. Papandreou also tried unsuccessfully to prevent the continuation of the KYP's practice - which worked extremely closely with the CIA - to listen in to ministerial conversations through covert listening devices.^{[citation needed]} The Hellenic National Intelligence Service (NIS or EYP) (Greek: Ethniki Ypiresia Pliroforion, Εθνική Υπηρεσία Πληροφοριών, ΕΥΠ) is the national intelligence service of Greece. ... CIA redirects here. ... A bug is the common name for a covert listening device, usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone. ...

His rapid rise provoked resentment,^{[attribution needed]} and was a factor that led to the fall of George Papandreou's government.^{[citation needed]} In 1965, while the "Aspida" conspiracy within the Army, alleged by the political opposition to involve Andreas personally, was being investigated, George Papandreou moved to fire the defense minister and assume the post himself. King Constantine refused to endorse this move and essentially forced George Papandreou's resignation. Greece entered a period of political polarisation and instability, which ended with the coup d'état of 21 April 1967. Apostasia (In Greek: Αποστασία) or Iouliana (Greek: Ιουλιανά, the events of July) or the Royal Coup (In Greek: Το Βασιλικό Πραξικόπημα) is a term used to describe a political move in Greece, in 1 October 1965, involving King Constantine II and a group of politicians, a prominent member of which was the later Prime Minister... Coup redirects here. ... The Greek military junta of 1967-1974, alternatively The Regime of the Colonels (Greek: ), or in Greece The Junta (Greek: ) and The Seven Years (Greek: ) are terms used to refer to a series of right-wing military governments that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974. ...

When the Greek Colonels led by George Papadopoulos seized power in April 1967, Andreas was incarcerated while his father George Papandreou was put under house arrest. George Papandreou, already at advanced age, died in 1968. Andreas' American wife, Margaret, pleaded with President Lyndon Johnson for Andreas' release;^{[citation needed]} under American pressure, the military regime released Andreas on condition that he leave the country. In Paris, while in exile, Andreas Papandreou formed an "anti-dictatorship organization", the Panhellenic Liberation Movement (PAK), and toured the world rallying opposition to the Greek military regime. Despite his former American citizenship and academic career in the United States, Papandreou held the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for the 1967 coup and became increasingly critical of the U.S. Government. Georgios Papadopoulos in the standard poster issued by the dictatorship government. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Panhellenic Liberation Movement (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Απελευθερωτικό Κίνημα, ΠΑΚ), also known by its acronym PAK, was one of the many anti-dictatorial struggle groups that fought against the 1967-1974 military dictatorship of Greece. ... CIA redirects here. ...

Andreas Papandreou speaking in Greece, in September 3, 1974, when he announced the formation of a new political party and his proposal for the Principles of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement.^[4]

In the early seventies, during the latter phase of the dictatorship in Greece, Papandreou, along with most leading Greek politicians, in exile or in Greece, opposed the process of political normalisation attempted by George Papadopoulos and his appointed PM, Spyros Markezinis. In August 6 1974, Andreas Papandreou called an extraordinary meeting of the National Congress of PAK in Winterthur, Switzerland, which decided its dissolution without announcing it publicly ^[5]. is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... This article deals with the cultural and social aspects and trends of the 1970s. ... Spiros Markezinis (1909 - January 4, 2000) was a Greek politician, longtime member of the Vouli (Greeces parliament), and briefly Prime Minister. ... Georgios Papadopoulos in the standard poster issued by the dictatorship government. ... Spiros Markezinis (1909 - January 4, 2000) was a Greek politician, longtime member of the Vouli (Greeces parliament), and briefly Prime Minister. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Papandreou returned to Greece after the fall of the junta in 1974, during metapolitefsi, and formed a new "radical" party, the Panhellenic Socialist Movement, or PASOK. Most of his former PAK companions, as well as members of other anti-dictatorial groups such as the Democratic Defense joined in the new party. The Metapolitefsi (Greek: Μεταπολίτευση, translated as polity or regime change) refers to the period in Greek history after the fall of the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 and includes the transitional period from the fall of the dictatorship to the Greek legislative elections of 1974 as well as the democratic... The Panhellenic Socialist Movement, better known as PASOK (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα, Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima, ΠΑΣΟΚ), is a Greek social democratic political party. ... Party logo The Panhellenic Socialist Movement, better known as PASOK (Greek: Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα, Panellinio Sosialistiko Kinima, ΠΑΣΟΚ), is a Greek social democratic political party. ... Democratic Defense members trial, 1970 Democratic Defense ( Greek: Δημοκρατική Άμυνα) was one of the many anti-dictatorial struggle groups that fought against the 1967- 1974 military dictatorship of Greece. ...

At that year's elections, PASOK received only 13.5% of the vote, but in 1977 it polled 25%, and Papandreou became Leader of the Opposition. At the 1981 elections, PASOK won a landslide victory over the conservative New Democracy Party, and Papandreou became Greece's first socialist Prime Minister. Party logo New Democracy (ND, Greek: Νέα Δημοκρατία, Nea Dhimokratia), founded in 1974, is the main center-right liberal-conservative political party in Greece. ... Socialism is a broad array of ideologies and political movements with the goal of a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community for the purposes of increasing social and economic equality and cooperation. ...

In office, Papandreou backtracked from much of his campaign rhetoric and followed a more conventional approach. Greece did not withdraw from NATO, United States troops and military bases were not ordered out of Greece, and Greek membership in the European Economic Community continued. In domestic politics, Papandreou's government carried through sweeping refoms of social policy by expanding health care coverage (the "National Health System" was instituted), promoting state-subsidized tourism for lower-income families, and funding social establishments for the elderly. In a move strongly opposed by the Greek Orthodox Church, Papandreou introduced, for the first time in Greece, the process of civil marriage. Prior to the institution of civil marriages in Greece, the only legally recognized marriages were those conducted in the Greek Orthodox Church. Couples seeking a civil marriage had to get married outside Greece, generally in Italy. Also, under PASOK, the Greek State also appropriated real estate properties previously owned by the Church. This article is about the military alliance. ... The European Community (EC), most important of three European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ...

Papandreou introduced various reforms in the administration and curriculum of the Greek educational system, allowing students to participate in the election process for their professors and deans in the university, and abolishing tenure.

A major part of Papandreou's allagi (change) involved driving out the "old families" ("tzakia" literally: fireplaces using the traditional Greek expression for the genealogy of families), which allegedly influenced Greek politics from behind the scenes and belonged to the traditional Greek Right. At the same time, influential businessmen and entrepreneurs from "new families" emerged, such as George Koskotas (see Bank of Crete) and Sokratis Kokkalis, emerged, encouraged by the socialist government and supposedly sharing much of its populist ideology. The newer crop of business leaders were mostly involved with state organisations and state-owned enterprises, wherefrom most of their initial rise was due.^{[citation needed]} They gained wider influence by acquiring control of news media and of popular Greek football teams. Many of their companies were given exclusive state contracts from the Greek state and public-owned monopolies, leading to the establishment of the popular press term diaploki (interconnection) which denoted the presumed strong connetions between the ruling political party, the media owners and state-driven businesses. George Koskotas (Greek: Γιώργος Κοσκωτάς), is a former Greek banker and publisher who spearheaded a financial scandal involving Greek politicians. ... Bank of Crete was a small Greek bank bought by George Koskotas, and they both shot to fame, or rather infamy, thanks to the banks involvement in a major scandal in Greece in the late 1980s. ... Socaris Kokkalis is a Greek businessman. ...

Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou on official visit with United States President William J. Clinton, Washington, April 1994. Dimitra Liani in the background

Papandreou was comfortably re-elected in 1985 with 46% of the vote, but, in the years to follow, his premiership became increasingly clouded by controversy and scandal. In 1989, he divorced his wife Margaret Papandreou and married Dimitra Liani, while in the same year he was indicted by Parliament in connection with a US$200 million Bank of Crete embezzlement scandal, and was accused of facilitating the embezzlement by ordering state corporations to transfer their holdings to the Bank of Crete, where the interest was allegedly skimmed off to benefit PASOK, and possibly some of its highest functionaries. Following the many repercussions of the so-called Koskotas scandal, the 1989 elections produced a deadlock, leading to a prolonged political crisis. Papandreou's PASOK's won 40% of the popular vote, compared to the rival New Democracy's 46%, and, due to changes made in electoral law one year before the elections by the then reigning PASOK administration, New Democracy was not able to form a government. In the wake of three consecutive elections between 1989 and 1990, the New Democracy leader, Constantine Mitsotakis, eventually received sufficient support to form a government. In January 1992, Papandreou himself was cleared of any wrongdoing in the [Bank of Crete|Koskotas scandal] after a 7-6 vote in the specially convened High Court trial, ordered by the Greek parliament, with the support of both main parties, New Democracy and PASOK. Dimitra Liani is the former first lady of Greece (1993-1996). ... Bank of Crete was a small Greek bank bought by George Koskotas, and they both shot to fame, or rather infamy, thanks to the banks involvement in a major scandal in Greece in the late 1980s. ... Bank of Crete was a small Greek bank bought by George Koskotas, and they both shot to fame, or rather infamy, thanks to the banks involvement in a major scandal in Greece in the late 1980s. ... Bank of Crete was a small Greek bank bought by George Koskotas, and they both shot to fame, or rather infamy, thanks to the banks involvement in a major scandal in Greece in the late 1980s. ... Constantine Mitsotakis Constantine Mitsotakis (in Greek:Κωνσταντίνος Μητσοτάκης-Konstantinos Mitsotakis) (born October 18, 1918), Greek politician, was born in Chania, Crete. ...

Papandreou confounded his critics by winning the next general elections of October 1993 ; however, his fragile health kept him from exercising firm political leadership. He was hospitalized with advanced heart disease and kidney failure on November 20, 1995 and finally retired from office on January 16, 1996. He died on June 23, 1996, with his funeral procession producing an outpouring of public emotion. is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

Influence on the Greek economy

Papandreou's economic policies were characterized as socialist.^{[attribution needed]} PASOK nationalized industries and raised public spending,^{[attribution needed]} which led to a deterioration^{[attribution needed]} in public finances and to an increase of inflation to almost 22%; because of this, the drachma had to be devalued more than once.^{[citation needed]} Unemployment doubled in his years as Greek prime minister to 6.6%. Drachma, pl. ...

PASOK and Andreas Papandreou walked out of the parliament when, in 1980, the New Democracy government, voted in favor of Greece joining the European Union. In the following years, when PASOK assumed power, Greece absorbed a significant level of EU funds. Papandreou's critics contend that the management of the EU funds was not successful and that, in part, they caused corruption.^{[citation needed]} The two other European countries which joined the EU after Greece, Portugal and Spain, followed a different path. While at the beginning of the eighties, average income in Greece had been almost identical to Spain's and significantly higher than Portugal's, in 1995, Spain's average income was recorded as almost 20% higher, and Portugal had almost completely closed the gap.^{[citation needed]} Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium Events and trends Computers, technology Bulletin board system popularity Popularization of personal computers, Walkmans, VHS videocassette recorders, and compact disc (CD) players Home video games become enormously popular, most notably Atari until the market crashes in 1983; the rise of Nintendo brings about...

International politics

Papandreou was co-creator in 1982 and subsequently an active participant in a movement promoted by the Parliamentarians for Global Action, the Initiative of the Six, which included, besides the Greek PM, Mexico's president Miguel de la Madrid, Argentina's PM Raúl Alfonsín, Sweden's PM Olof Palme, Tanzania's president Julius Nyerere and India's Indira Ghandi^[6]. The movement's stated objective was the "promotion of peace and progress for all mankind". After various initiatives, mostly directed at pressuring the United States and the Soviet Union to stop nuclear testing and reduce the level of nuclear arms, it eventually disbanded^[7]. Parliamentarians for Global Action is an organization of more than 1,300 legislators from more than 114 countries. ... Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (born December 12, 1934) was President of Mexico, representing the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), from December 1, 1982 to December 1, 1988. ... Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín (born 13 March 1927) is an Argentine politician, who was the President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 9 July 1989. ... Sven Olof Joachim Palme ( ) (January 30, 1927 – March 1, 1986) was a Swedish politician. ... Julius Kambarage Nyerere (April 13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) was President of Tanzania, and previously Tanganyika, from the countrys founding in 1964 until his retirement in 1985. ... Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी) (November 19, 1917 - October 31, 1984) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and from January 14, 1980 until her assassination in 1984. ... Preparation for an underground nuclear test at the Nevada Test Site in the 1980s. ...

Papandreou's rhetoric was at times antagonistic to the United States.^[8] He was the first western prime minister to visit General Wojciech Jaruzelski in Poland.^[8] According to the Foreign Affairs magazine Papandreou went on record as saying that since the USSR is not a capitalist country "one cannot label it an imperialist power."^[8] According to Papandreou, "the Soviet Union represent[ed] a factor that restrict[ed] the expansion of capitalism and its imperialistic aims".^[8] Wojciech Jaruzelski in 2006 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (pronounced: ) (born July 6, 1923) was a communist Polish political and military leader, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985, head of the Polish Council of State from 1985 to 1989 and President from 1989 to 1990. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ...

Papandreou supported the causes of various national liberation movements in the world, and agreed for Greece to host representatives offices of many such organisations ^[9]. He supported the cause of "Palestinian liberation", met repeatedly with PLO Chairman Yaser Arafat and condemned Israeli policies in the "occupied territories"^[10]. Wars of national liberation were those conflicts fought by indigenous military groups against an imperial power in an attempt to remove that powers influence. ... Mohammed Abdel-Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini (1929-2004), (محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسيني), popularly known as Yaser Arafat (Arabic: ), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (1969–2004) and President[1] of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) (1993–2004). ...

Legacy

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Andreas Papandreou was an intensely polarising figure, in Greece and abroad.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Question_book-3. ...

His supporters considered him a powerful orator and a radical political leader who served the working class, the elderly, and voters in some areas of rural Greece who found in him a champion for the marginsalised sectors of Greek society (the "non-privileged"). They warmed to his populist attacks on the rich and his blend of nationalist and socialist rhetoric. They praised Papandreou for exercising what they considered to be an independent foreign policy, which ostensibly^{[attribution needed]} elevated Greece's position internationally, especially among non-aligned nations. He affirmed Greece's independence in setting her own policy agenda, both internally and externally, free from any foreign domination, as was presumed^{[attribution needed]} to be the case in the past.

His opponents, conservative or liberal, dismissed him as a ruthless demagogue whose foreign policy was detrimental to Greece's standing amongst western allies. They suggested that his economic policies, and particularly the increases in public spending and minimum wages, ultimately ruined the Greek economy.

His opponents on the left, on the other hand, including the KKE, accused him of supporting, in practice, the agenda of NATO and the United States.

Papandreou's influence and the reforms of PASOK were instrumental to bringing Greece in line with the rest of Europe.

Andreas Papandreou is widely acknowledged as having shifted political power from the traditional conservative Greek Right, which had dominated Greek politics for decades, to a more populist and centre-left locus. Political forces which remained the so-called pariahs in politics as of the end of the Greek civil war, were given a chance to prove themselves in democratically elected governments. This shift in the Greek political landscape helped heal old civil war wounds; Greece became more pluralistic, and more in line with the political system of other western European countries. Look up Pariah in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Combatants Hellenic Army, Royalist forces, Republicans United Kingdom Communist Party of Greece (ELAS, DSE) Commanders Alexander Papagos, Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, James Van Fleet Markos Vafiadis Strength 150,000 men 50,000 men and women Casualties 15,000 killed 32,000+ killed or captured The Greek Civil War (Ελληνικός εμφύλιος πόλεμος [ellinikos emfilios polemos]) was...

Papandreou's successor in office, Costas Simitis, broke with a number of Papandreou's approaches, and was seen by many^{[attribution needed]} as more of a pragmatist^{[attribution needed]} and a technocrat,^{[attribution needed]} by comparison. Constantinos Simitis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Σημίτης) (born June 23, 1936), usually referred to as Costas Simitis, was Prime Minister of Greece and leader of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) from 1996 to 2004. ...

Papandreou's son, George Papandreou, was elected leader of PASOK in February 2004. At the 2004 Greek elections, some PASOK followers, in political rallies, invoked Papandreou's legacy with the chant "Andrea, zis! Esi mas odigis!" ("Andreas, you are still alive! You're leading us!"). For George Papandreous grandfather, also called George Papandreou, see George Papandreou, senior. ... Legislative election results map. ...

Citations and notes

External links

• The Andreas Papandreou Foundation
• Biography from pasok.gr(Greek)
• Tribute to Andreas Papandreou(Greek)