Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944 in Birmingham, Alabama) is an American socialist organizer, professor who was associated with the Black Panther Party (BPP) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Davis's main association, however, was her membership in the Communist Party USA. She first achieved nationwide notoriety when she was linked to the murder of Judge Harold Haley during an attempted Black Panther prison break; she fled underground, and was the subject of an intense manhunt. After 18 months as a fugitive, she was captured, arrested, tried, and eventually acquitted in one of the most famous trials in recent U.S. history. She is currently Professor of History of Consciousness at the University of California and Presidential Chair at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She works for racial and gender equality and for prison abolition. Davis is a founder of the anti-prison grassroots organization Critical Resistance. Image File history File links Angela_davis_afro. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Nickname: Location in Jefferson County in the state of Alabama Coordinates: , Country United States State Alabama County Jefferson, Shelby Government  - Mayor Bernard Kincaid (D) Area  - City  151. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Nickname: Location in Jefferson County in the state of Alabama Coordinates: , Country United States State Alabama County Jefferson, Shelby Government  - Mayor Bernard Kincaid (D) Area  - City  151. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... The Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was an African American organization founded to promote civil rights and self-defense with a mission of domination in the United States. ... The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced snick) was one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Harold Haley (died 7 August 1970) was a judge in Marin County, California . ... Look up manhunt in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... History of Consciousness is an interdisciplinary graduate program with links to the sciences, social sciences, and humanities at the University of California in Santa Cruz, California. ... Berkeley Davis Irvine Los Angeles Merced San Diego Santa Barbara Santa Cruz UC Office of the President in Oakland The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. ... “UCSC” redirects here. ... Prison abolition movement is a movement which goal is abolition of prison system either as it exists today or complete elimination of all freedom depriving institutions including prisons, jails, immigration detention centers, war camps, etc. ... A grassroots political movement is one driven by the constituents of a community. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Childhood

Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, in the midst of Jim Crow laws. Her father was a graduate of St. Augustine's College, a traditionally black college in Raleigh, North Carolina, who was briefly a high school history teacher. After leaving teaching due to the low salary, he owned and operated a service station in the black section of Birmingham. Her mother, also college-educated, was an elementary school teacher with a history of political activism. Despite a modest income, the family purchased a large home in a mixed neighborhood where Angela spent most of her youth. The neighborhood, called "Dynamite Hill" locally, was marked by racial conflict. She was occasionally able to spend time on her uncle's farm and with friends in New York City. ^[1] Her brother, Ben Davis, played defensive back for the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Nickname: Location in Jefferson County in the state of Alabama Coordinates: , Country United States State Alabama County Jefferson, Shelby Government  - Mayor Bernard Kincaid (D) Area  - City  151. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other schools/colleges of the same name, see St. ... In the United States, Historically black colleges and universities (HBCU) are colleges or universities that were established before 1964 with the intention of serving the African American community. ... Nickname: Motto: You Can See the Whole State from Here Map of Wake County, North Carolina Coordinates: , Country United States State North Carolina County Wake County Founded 1792 Government  - Mayor Charles Meeker (D) Area  - City  134. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Rookie card, 1969 (Copyright Topps) Ben Davis was a professional football player for ten years in the NFL. Benjamin Davis was born in 1945, in Birmingham, Alabama. ... In American football and Canadian football, defensive backs are the players on the defensive team who take positions somewhat back from the line of scrimmage; they are distinguished from the defensive line players, who take positions directly behind the line of scrimmage. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... City Detroit, Michigan Team colors Honolulu Blue, Silver, and Black Head Coach Rod Marinelli Owner William Clay Ford, Sr. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, also called The Seventies. ...

During her childhood, Davis experienced the humiliations of racial segregation. She was bright and begged to enter school early, attending Carrie A. Tuggle School, a black elementary school in dilapidated facilities, and later Parker Annex, a similarly dilapidated annex of Parker High School devoted to middle school education. Davis read voraciously. By her junior year, at 14, she applied to and was accepted by an American Friends Service Committee program that placed Black students from the South in integrated schools in the North. She chose to attend the Elizabeth Irwin High School in Greenwich Village, New York City; a small private school favored by the radical community. There, Davis became acquainted with socialism and communism and was recruited by the communist youth group, Advance. She also met children of the leaders of the Communist Party, including her lifelong friend, Bettina Aptheker. The Rex Theatre for Colored People Racial segregation is characterized by separation of different races in daily life, such as eating in a restaurant, drinking from a water fountain, using a rest room, attending school, going to the movies, or in the rental or purchase of a home[1]. Segregation... American Friends Service Committee logo The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) is a Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) affiliated organization which works for social justice, peace and reconciliation, abolition of the death penalty, and human rights, and provides humanitarian relief. ... The Little Red School House (sometimes simply referred to as LREI) was founded by Elisabeth Irwin in 1921 in New York, New York as a joint public—private educational experiment. ... The Washington Square Arch Greenwich Village (IPA pronunciation: ), also called simply the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City named after Greenwich, London. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of ideologies and movements which aim to improve society through collective and egalitarian action; and to a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Bettina Aptheker (born c. ...

Education and early career

Undergraduate work Brandeis University

Upon graduation from high school, Davis was awarded a full scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where she was one of three black students in her freshman class. Initially alienated by the isolation of the campus (at that time she was interested in Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre), she soon made friends with the foreign students. She first encountered Herbert Marcuse at a rally during the Cuban Missile Crisis and later became his student. She worked part-time jobs earning money to spend the summer in Europe and attend the eighth World Festival of Youth and Students in Helsinki. That summer, she spent time in Paris and Switzerland before going on to the Festival in Finland, where she and the other young people were strongly impressed by the energetic Cuban delegation. She returned home to an FBI interview about her attendance at the communist-sponsored festival.^[2] Usen Castle, the most recognized building on campus Brandeis University is a private university located in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States. ...   Often called the true birthplace of the industrial revolution, Waltham is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Albert Camus (IPA: ) (November 7, 1913 – January 4, 1960) was a French author and philosopher. ... Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (June 21, 1905 – April 15, 1980), normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (pronounced: ), was a French existentialist philosopher and pioneer, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. ... Herbert Marcuse (July 19, 1898 – July 29, 1979) was a German-born American philosopher, sociologist and a member of the Frankfurt School. ... President Kennedy with his Cabinet during the Cuban Missile Crisis. ... World Festival of Youth and Students is an international event, organized by the World Federation of Democratic Youth jointly with the International Union of Students since 1947. ... Location of Helsinki in Northern Europe Coordinates: , Country Finland Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Charter 1550 Capital city 1812 Government  - City manager Jussi Pajunen Area  - City 187. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ...

During her second year at Brandeis, she decided to major in French and continued her intensive study of Sartre. Davis was accepted by the Hamilton College Junior Year in France Program and managed to talk Brandeis into extending financial support via her scholarship. Classes were initially at Biarritz and later at the Sorbonne. In Paris, she and other students lived with a French family. It was at Biarritz that she received news of the 1963 Birmingham church bombing, committed by the KKK, which deeply affected her as she was personally acquainted^{[citation needed]} with the four young victims. That year, there were two Têt (Vietnamese New Year) festivals in Paris, one sponsored by supporters of the South, the other by supporters of the North. Davis attended the festival sponsored by the North which featured a clown dressed as an American GI.^[3] Jean Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre (June 21, 1905–April 15, 1980) was a French existentialist philosopher, dramatist, novelist and critic. ... Hamilton College is a private, independent, highly selective liberal arts college located in Clinton, New York. ... Biarritz (French: Biarritz, pronounced ; Gascon Occitan: Biàrritz; Basque: Miarritze) is a town and commune which lies on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast, in southwestern France. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was a racially motivated terrorist incident at 16th Street Baptist Church, Birmingham, Alabama, in the United States. ... Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ... Tết Nguyên Ðán, more commonly known as Tết, is the most important holiday in Vietnam. ... Anthem Thanh niên Hành Khúc (Call to the Citizens) Capital Saigon Language(s) Vietnamese Government Republic Last President¹ Duong Van Minh Last Prime minister Vu Van Mau Historical era Cold War  - Regime change June 14, 1955  - Dissolution April 30, 1975 Area  - 1973 173,809 km² 67,108... The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cá»™ng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi, September 2nd1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the...

Nearing completion of her degree in French, Davis realized her major interest was philosophy. She became particularly interested in the ideas of Herbert Marcuse and on her return to Brandeis, she audited his course (required French courses precluded enrollment). Marcuse turned out to be approachable and helpful. Davis began making plans to attend the University of Frankfurt for graduate work in philosophy. In 1965 she graduated magna cum laude, a member of Phi Beta Kappa. ^[4] The philosopher Socrates about to take poison hemlock as ordered by the court. ... Herbert Marcuse (July 19, 1898 – July 29, 1979) was a German-born American philosopher, sociologist and a member of the Frankfurt School. ... The Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main (commonly called the University of Frankfurt) was founded in 1914 as a Citizens University, which means that while it was a State university of Prussia, it had been founded and financed by the wealthy and active liberal citizenry of Frankfurt am... Latin honors are Latin phrases used to indicate the level of academic distinction with which an academic degree was earned. ... The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an honor society which considers its mission to be fostering and recognizing excellence in undergraduate liberal arts and sciences. ...

Frankfurt, Germany

In Germany, having only a stipend of $100 a month ($656.00 in 2007 dollars) to work with, she had great difficulty finding lodging, but after much looking finally found a place with a sympathetic family. Later, she moved with a group of students into a sort of loft in an old factory building. At the University, weak in German, she had great difficulty following the lectures of Adorno but soon found that her fellow students, native German speakers, shared her difficulty. Visiting East Berlin during the May Day celebration, she felt that the East German government was dealing better with the residual effects of fascism than the West Germans. Many of her roommates were active in the German Socialist Student League, SDS, a radical student group. Davis participated in actions with them, but as things were happening back in the United States -- the formation of the Black Panther Party, for example -- she was eager to return. Look up Loft in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Max Horkheimer (front left), Theodor Adorno (front right), and Jürgen Habermas in the background, right, in 1965 at Heidelberg. ... East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... May Day is May 1, and refers to any of several holidays celebrated on this day. ... GDR redirects here. ... Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology (generally tied to a mass movement) that considers individual and other societal interests subordinate to the needs of the state, and seeks to forge a type of national unity, usually based on, but not limited to, ethnic, cultural, or racial attributes. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ...

San Diego, California

Marcuse, in the meantime, had moved to the University of California at San Diego. With the permission of Adorno, she followed him there after two years in Frankfurt. ^[5] The University of California, San Diego (popularly known as UCSD) is a public, coeducational university located in La Jolla, California. ...

On her way to California, she stopped off in London to attend a conference on "The Dialectics of Liberation." The small Black contingent included Stokely Carmichael and Michael X, a local West Indian activist. Davis was wearing her trademark hairstyle by then and was thus identifiable as a sympathizer with the Black Power movement. Although moved by Stokely Carmichael's fiery rhetoric, she was disappointed by the Black nationalist sentiments of the Black group and their rejection of Communism as a "white man's thing." She held the view that nationalism was a barrier to grappling with the underlying issue, capitalist domination of working people of all races. ^[6] This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Broadly speaking, a dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is an exchange of propositions (theses) and counter-propositions (antitheses) resulting in a disagreement. ... Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael (June 29, 1941 – November 15, 1998), also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. ... Michael X (1933 - 1975), born Michael de Freitas in Trinidad to a Portuguese shopkeeper and a Barbardian-born mother, was a self-styled Black revolutionary and civil rights activist in 1960s London. ... The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ... Woman with an afro at the Tribeca Film Festival For the Italian painter known as Afro, see Afro Basaldella. ... Black Power is a slogan which describes the aspiration of many Africans (whether they be in Africa or abroad) to national self-determination. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Once in San Diego, she earned a master's degree from the University of California, San Diego, returning to Germany for her Ph.D. in Philosophy from the Humboldt University of Berlin, GDR. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (German Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) is Berlins oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin (Universität zu Berlin) by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt whose university model has strongly influenced... Disambiguation Page Global Depositary Receipt East Germany ...

UCLA

Davis worked as an acting assistant professor in the philosophy department at the University of California, Los Angeles, beginning in 1969. At that time, she also was a Radical feminist and activist, a member of the Communist Party USA and associated. ^[7] with the Black Panther Party. The University of California, Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public university located in Los Angeles, California, United States. ... Radical feminism views womens oppression as a fundamental element in human society and seeks to challenge that standard by broadly rejecting standard gender roles. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Black Panther Party (originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was an African American organization founded to promote civil rights and self-defense with a mission of domination in the United States. ...

In a controversial decision, the Board of Regents of the University of California, urged by then-California Governor Ronald Reagan, fired her from her job in 1969 because of her membership in the Communist Party. She was later rehired after a community uproar. The Regents of the University of California make up the governing board of the University of California. ... Berkeley Davis Irvine Los Angeles Merced San Diego Santa Barbara Santa Cruz UC Office of the President in Oakland The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. ... Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (left) and Governor Gray Davis (right) with President George W. Bush in 2003 The Governor of California is the highest executive authority in the state government, whose responsibilities include making yearly State of the State addresses to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 - June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ...

Notoriety

Boston Common demonstration, Boston, 1970

Cuban poster saying: "Freedom for Angela Davis," 1971

During the summer of 1970, Davis had become involved in Black Panther efforts to garner support for the imprisoned George Jackson, Fleeta Drumgo, and John Clutchette, known as the "Soledad Brothers" (after Soledad Prison, where they were incarcerated). On August 7, George's brother, 17-year-old Jonathon Jackson, along with two others, disrupted trial proceedings in an attempt to assist the escape of friend James McClain from the Marin County Hall of Justice. McClain was on trial for an alleged attempt to stab an officer. In the courthouse, the three stood up from their seats and, at gunpoint, directed everyone to freeze. They then led the judge, the prosecuting attorney, and several jurors into a van parked outside. As the hostages entered the van, Jackson and the others were reported to have shouted, "We want the Soledad Brothers freed by 12:30 today!". During the escape attempt, Jackson and accomplice William Christmas were killed in a shootout with police. Judge Harold Haley was killed by his captors with a shotgun taped to his throat inside the van. Prosecutor Gary Thomas was paralyzed by a police bullet during the incident. Image File history File linksMetadata 242663886_05f7155a76_o. ... Image File history File linksMetadata 242663886_05f7155a76_o. ... Image:Boston common Boston Massachusetts USA.jpg Boston Common in 2005, with the State House looming in the background 1890 Map of Boston Common and the adjacent Public Garden View of the Water Celebration, on Boston Common, October 25th 1848 Boston Common Engraving For the television series, see Boston Common... Nickname: City on the Hill, Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe)1, Athens of America, The Cradle of Revolution, Puritan City, Americas Walking City Location in Massachusetts, USA Counties Suffolk County Mayor Thomas M. Menino(D) Area    - City 232. ... Image File history File links Cuban poster saying: Freedom for Angela Davis. ... Image File history File links Cuban poster saying: Freedom for Angela Davis. ... Cover of Soledad Brother George Jackson (September 23, 1941 – August 21, 1971) was a Black American militant who became a member of the Black Panther Party while in prison, where he spent the last 12 years of his life. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Marin County (pronounced mah-RIN) is a county located in the North San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California, across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco. ...

A shotgun used by the escapees was registered in Davis's name, implicating her in the escape attempt. The California warrant issued for Davis' charged her as an accomplice to conspiracy, kidnapping, and homicide. On August 18, 1970, Davis became the third woman and the 309th individual to appear on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives List.^[8] In the criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between natural persons to break the law at some time in the future, and, in some cases, with at least one overt act in furtherance of that agreement. ... Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ... is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... In the 1970s, for the third decade, the United States FBI continued to maintain a public list of the people it regarded as the Ten Most Wanted Fugitives. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list arose from a conversation held in late 1949, during a game of Hearts between J. Edgar Hoover, Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, and William Kinsey Hutchinson,[1] International News Service (the predecessor of the United Press International) Editor-in...

Detention

Davis fled California and evaded the police for over two months before being captured in New York City. She was tried and acquitted of all charges eighteen months after her capture. Her bail was posted by Rodger McAfee, a farmer from Caruthers, California. Caruthers is a census-designated place located in Fresno County, California. ...

While being held in the Women's Detention Center in New York City, Davis got on well with other inmates and with the help of her outside supporters was able to mobilize the prisoners, in particular, helping to initiate a bail program for indigent prisoners. Initially, she was segregated from the general population, but with the help of her excellent legal team was able in short order to obtain a Federal court order to get out of the segregated area.^[9] In 1972, she was exonerated of all charges. This does not cite any references or sources. ...

Following release

Following her release, Davis temporarily relocated to Cuba following in the footsteps of fellow radicals Huey Newton and Stokely Carmichael. Her reception by Afro-Cubans at a mass rally was so enthusiastic that she was reportedly barely able to speak.^[10] According to Carlos Moore, an author highly critical of race relations in Communist Cuba, Davis's visit had a significant impact on Afro-Cubans at a time when expressions of black identity were rare on the island. He states that her revolutionary credentials allowed admirers to identify with her without fear of being labelled counter-revolutionary by their peers.^[11] Huey P. Newton (February 17, 1942 - August 22, 1989) was co-founder and inspirational leader of the Black Panther Party, a militant African-American activist group. ... Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael (June 29, 1941 – November 15, 1998), also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. ... Cuban boys playing in Trinidad, Cuba The term Afro-Cuban refers to Cubans of African ancestry, and to historical or cultural elements in Cuba thought to emanate from this community. ... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ...

Russian dissident and Nobel Laureate Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn criticized Davis's sympathy for the Soviet Union in a speech he delivered to the AFL-CIO on July 9, 1975 in New York City, claiming hypocrisy in her attitude toward prisoners under Communist governments. According to Solzhenitsyn, a group of Czech dissidents “addressed an appeal to her: `Comrade Davis, you were in prison. You know how unpleasant it is to sit in prison, especially when you consider yourself innocent. You have such great authority now. Could you help our Czech prisoners? Could you stand up for those people in Czechoslovakia who are being persecuted by the state?' Angela Davis answered: 'They deserve what they get. Let them remain in prison.'”^[12] Alexandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (Russian: , IPA:  ; born December 11, 1918) is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Later career

Speaking at the University of Alberta, March 28, 2006

Davis ran for Vice President on the Communist ticket in 1980 and 1984 along with Gus Hall. She has continued a career of activism, and has written several books. A principal focus of her current activism is the state of prisons within the United States. She considers herself an abolitionist, not a "prison reformer," and refers to the United States prison system as the "prison-industrial complex." Her solutions include abolishing prisons and addressing the class, race, and gender factors that have led to large numbers of blacks and Latinos being incarcerated.^[13] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1067x800, 929 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Angela Davis ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1067x800, 929 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Angela Davis ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays full 2006 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Gus Hall Gus Hall (October 8, 1910 – October 13, 2000) was a labor organizer, a founder of the United Steelworkers of America trade union, a leader of the Communist Party USA, and five-time U.S. presidential candidate. ... According to some reports, the United States has the highest reported incarceration rate in the world - though other nations (such as North Korea), which do not release incarceration statistics, may exceed it. ... The prison-industrial complex refers to interest groups that represent organizations that do business in correctional facilities, like prison guard unions, construction companies, and surveillance technology vendors, who become more concerned with making more money than actually rehabilitating criminals or reducing crime rates. ...

Davis was one of the primary founders of Critical Resistance, a national grassroots organization dedicated to building a movement to abolish what she perceives to be the prison-industrial complex. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

She has lectured at San Francisco State University, Stanford University and other schools.^[14] She is currently the Presidential Chair and Professor with the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz and director of the Feminist Studies department.^[15] She states that in her teaching, which is mostly at the graduate level, she concentrates more on posing questions which encourage development of critical thinking than on imparting knowledge.^[16] In 1997, she came out as a lesbian in Out magazine. ^[17] San Francisco State University (commonly referred to as San Francisco State, SF State, and SFSU) is a public university located in the southwestern San Francisco, California, bordering Lake Merced and Lowell High School, near Fort Funston and Daly City. ... Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University (or simply Stanford), is a private university located approximately 37 miles (60 kilometers) southeast of San Francisco and approximately 20 miles northwest of San José in Stanford, California. ... “UCSC” redirects here. ... Feminist Studies refers to: Feminist Studies is an interdisciplinary undergraduate program investigating the significance of gender in all areas of human life. ... are you kiddin ? i was lookin for it for hours ... A lesbian is a woman who is romantically and sexually attracted only to other women. ... Out is a popular gay magazine that focuses mainly on gay and lesbian fashion and upscale culture. ...

Davis spoke out against the 1995 Million Man March, arguing that the exclusion of women from this event necessarily promoted male chauvinism and that the organizers, including Louis Farrakhan, preferred women to take subordinate roles in society. In response to the March, and together with Kimberlé Crenshaw and others, she formed the African American Agenda 2000, a small alliance of Black feminists. The Million Man March was a Black march of protest and unity convened by Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan in Washington, DC on October 16, 1995. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chauvinism. ... Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan. ... The current incarnation of Black Feminism is a political/social movement that grew out of a sense of feelings of discontent with both the Civil Rights Movement and the Feminist Movement of the 1970s. ...

Davis is no longer a member of the Communist Party, leaving to help found the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism, which broke from the CPUSA due to the latter body's support of the Soviet coup attempt of 1991 and the communist parties of the Warsaw Pact.^[18] She remains on the Advisory Board of the Committees.Advisory board (HTML). Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism website. Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (2007-07-20). Retrieved on 2007-07-20. Davis points to Cuba as an example of a country which successfully addresses social and economic problems. In her view democracy and socialism are more compatible than democracy and capitalism. ^[19] The Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism is a democratic socialist group in the United States which originated in 1992 as the Committees of Correspondence, a moderate, dissenting wing of the Communist Party USA. Named after the committees of correspondence of the American Revolution, the group was critical of... During the Soviet Coup of 1991 (August 19-22, 1991), also known as the August Putsch or August Coup, a group of members of the Soviet government briefly deposed Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev and attempted to take control of the country. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In recent years, Angela Davis has spoken out against the death penalty. At the University of California, Santa Cruz, she participated in a 2004 panel concerning Kevin Cooper. She also spoke in defense of Stanley Williams on another panel in 2005. Davis remains a prominent figure in the struggle against the death penalty in California. Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... “UCSC” redirects here. ... Kevin Cooper Mr. ... Stanley Tookie Williams III (December 29, 1953 – December 13, 2005), born in Monroe, Louisiana, was a convicted murderer and an early leader of the Crips, a notorious American street gang which had its roots in South Central Los Angeles in 1971. ...

She was the commencement speaker at Grinnell College in May, 2007. Grinnell College is a private liberal arts college in Grinnell, Iowa, United States with a strong social justice tradition. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

In pop culture

In 1972, John Lennon and Yoko Ono released the song "Angela" about her and the Rolling Stones released "Sweet Black Angel," both of which chronicled her legal problems and advocated for her release. The 1976 film Network features a parody of her in its character Laureen Hobbs. John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (October 9, 1940 – December 8, 1980), (born John Winston Lennon, known as John Ono Lennon) was an iconic English 20th century rock and roll songwriter and singer, best known as the founding member of The Beatles. ... Yoko Ono Lennon (小野 洋子 Ono Yōko (ONO Yōko), born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese-American artist and musician. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... This article is about the rock band. ... // Events March 22 - Filming begins on George Lucas Star Wars science fiction film. ... This article contains a trivia section. ...

Quotes

This page is a candidate to be copied to Wikiquote using the Transwiki process. If the page can be expanded into an encyclopedic article, rather than a list of quotes, please do so and remove this message. Image File history File links Edit-copy. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ...

• "Progressive art can assist people to learn not only about the objective forces at work in the society in which they live, but also about the intensely social character of their interior lives. Ultimately, it can propel people toward social emancipation."
• "Imprisonment has become the response of first resort to far too many of our social problems."
• "It is both humiliating and humbling to discover that a single generation after the events that constructed me as a public personality, I am remembered as a hairdo."^[20]
• "Where cultural representations do not reach out beyond themselves, there is the danger that they will function as the surrogates for activism, that they will constitute both the beginning and the end of political practice."^[21]

Woman with an afro at the Tribeca Film Festival For the Italian painter known as Afro, see Afro Basaldella. ...

Bibliography

• If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (1971) ISBN 0-451-04999-3
• Frame Up: The Opening Defense Statement Made (1972)
• Angela Davis: An Autobiography (1974) ISBN 0-7178-0667-7
• Women, Race and Class (1981) ISBN 0-394-71351-6
• Violence Against Women and the Ongoing Challenge to Racism (1985) ISBN 0-913175-11-0
• Women, Culture and Politics (1989) ISBN 0-679-72487-7
• Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday (1999) ISBN 0-679-77126-3
• The Angela Y. Davis Reader (1999) ISBN 0-631-20361-3
• Are Prisons Obsolete? (2003) ISBN 1-58322-581-1
• Abolition Democracy: Beyond Prisons, Torture, and Empire (2005) ISBN 1-58322-695-8

Notes

1. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Rocks", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
2. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Waters", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
3. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Waters", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
4. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Waters", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
5. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Waters", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
6. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Flames", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
7. ^ "Interview with Angela Davis". BookTV. 2004-10-03.
8. ^ Biography (HTML). Davis (Angela) Legal Defense Collection, 1970-1972. Retrieved on 2007-06-21.
9. ^ Davis, Angela Yvonne (March 1989). "Nets", Angela Davis: An Autobiography. New York City: International Publishers. ISBN 0717-80667-7. 
10. ^ Gott, Richard (2004). Cuba: A New History. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, p. 230. ISBN 0-300-10411-1. 
11. ^ Moore, Carlos (1988). Castro, the Blacks, and Africa - Afro-American Culture and Society. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California, p. 302. ISBN 0934934320. 
12. ^ Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr (October 1976). Warning to the West. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp. 60-61. ISBN 0374513341. 
13. ^ "Interview with Angela Davis". BookTV. 2004-10-03.
14. ^ "Interview with Angela Davis". BookTV. 2004-10-03.
15. ^ "Interview with Angela Davis". BookTV. 2004-10-03.
16. ^ "Interview with Angela Davis". BookTV. 2004-10-03.
17. ^ Angela Davis (HTML). Notable name database. Retrieved on 2007-07-21.
18. ^ "(title unknown)", Corresponder, Committees of Correspondence, 1992. 
19. ^ "Interview with Angela Davis". BookTV. 2004-10-03.
20. ^ "Afro Images: Politics, Fashion, and Nostalgia" Critical Inquiry. Vol. 21, No. 1 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 37-39, 41-43 and 45.
21. ^ "Black Nationalism: The Sixties and the Nineties." Black Popular Culture, ed. Gina Dent (Seattle, Wash: Bay Press, 1992), 324.

Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Richard Willoughby Gott (born 28 October 1938 Aston Tirrold, England) is a British journalist and historian, who has written extensively on Latin America. ... Alexandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (Russian: , IPA:  ; born December 11, 1918) is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 202nd day of the year (203rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Critical Inquiry is a peer-reviewed journal in the humanities published out of the University of Chicago. ...

External links

The external links in this article or section may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links. Please remove this tag when this is done. This article has been tagged since June 2007. (talk)

• Brief film clip, 1979 Angela Davis speaking at Florida A&M University’s Black History Month convocation.
• UCSC Biography of Angela Davis
• A PBS interview with Angela Davis
• Democracy Now! roundtable discussion on 'Resisting the Prison Industrial Complex' including Angela Davis as guest
• New York Times archive of all Angela Davis-related writings
• New York Times' account of her acquittal
• UCSC List of Publications by Angela Y. Davis
• Time chat-room users Interview with Angela Davis, "Attacking the 'Prison Industrial Complex'"(September 22, 1998)
• Harvard Gazette article about Davis, (March 13, 2003)
• Timeline of Angela Davis at UCLA (part of the UCLA History project)

About Angela Davis Image File history File links Information. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 72nd day of the year (73rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Independent Paper Editorial "Davis Inspires Student to Reflect on Agenda"

Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement

• Liberation News Service. "Angela."
• "The World Watches Angela."

Related Links

• Group to end the prison-industrial complex

v • d • e University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, California
	Colleges & Schools	Cowell College · Stevenson College · Crown College · Merrill College · Porter College · Kresge College · Oakes College College Eight · College Nine · College Ten · Jack Baskin School of Engineering Jarvis Tyner is the executive vice chair of the American Communist Party. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Seal of the office of the Vice-President of the United States The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the President. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... “UCSC” redirects here. ... |latitude = 36°5819 N |longitude = 122°135 W For other uses, see Santa Cruz. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Cowell College with the Monterey Bay in the background The first of the ten residential colleges of the University of California, Santa Cruz, established in 1965, Cowell College sits on the edge of a redwood forest with a remarkable view of Monterey Bay. ... Stevenson College Adlai E. Stevenson College is a residential college at the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... Crown College is one of the residential colleges that makes up the University of California, Santa Cruz, USA. Located on the upper northern side of campus by Merrill College, Crown also borders the newly constructed Colleges Nine and Ten. ... Categories: University stubs | University of California | Universities and colleges in California ... Redwood sign in front of Porter College Benjamin F. Porter College, a residential college at the University of California, Santa Cruz, is located on the lower west side of the university, to the south of Kresge College. ... Kresge College sign Kresge College is one of the residential colleges that make up the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... Oakes College Oakes College is a residential college at the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... Entrance to College Eight College Eight is a residential college at the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... Dorm buildings at College Nine. ... A dorm building at College Ten. ... The University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC or UC Santa Cruz) is a coeducational public university located in Santa Cruz, California, USA. It is one of the ten campuses of the University of California, and ranked by US News as the twenty-eighth best public university in the nation. ...
	Research & Services	Lick Observatory · W. M. Keck Observatory · Arboretum · NASA Ames Research Center UARC · Silicon Valley Initiatives Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP) · Center for Adaptive Optics · Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering Dickens Project · Long Marine Laboratory · Shakespeare Santa Cruz · New Teacher Center · UC Police Department UCSC Fire Department UCSA · Women of Color Film Festival · History of Consciousness · McHenry Library The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory, owned and operated by the University of California. ... The W. M. Keck Observatory is home to two of the largest optical/near-infrared telescopes in the world, at the 4,145 meter (13,600 ft) summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. ... The University of California, Santa Cruz, Arboretum, also called the UCSC Arboretum, is located on the campus of the University of California, Santa Cruz, in Santa Cruz, California, USA. The Arboretum, and in fact the entire campus, was originally part of the larger property of pioneer Henry Cowell. ... Aerial View of Moffett Field and NASA Ames Research Center. ... UCSC Silicon Valley Initiatives comprise a set of educational and research activities which together increase the presence of the University of California in Silicon Valley. ... The Long Marine laboratory is a research and education center which opened on March 11, 2000. ... Shakespeare Santa Cruz is a Shakespeare festival held annually at the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... The New Teacher Center (NTC) is a national non-profit organization in the U.S. dedicated to strengthening the practice of beginning teachers. ... The University of California Police Department (UCPD) is the police department for the campuses within the University of California system. ... The UC Santa Cruz Fire Department is the agency tasked with protecting life and property from fire and related dangers on the University of California, Santa Cruzs rural, heavily-forested campus and in the surrounding community, as well as providing limited services to UCSCs more widely-distributed, off... The University of California Students Association (UCSA) is a coalition of students and student governments that aims to provide a collective voice for all students through advocacy and direct action. ... The Women of Color Film Festival was founded in 1992 and takes place at the University of California at Santa Cruz. ... History of Consciousness is an interdisciplinary graduate program with links to the sciences, social sciences, and humanities at the University of California in Santa Cruz, California. ... The McHenry Library is the main campus library of the University of California, Santa Cruz. ...
	Media	City on a Hill Press · Fish Rap Live! · KZSC City on a Hill Press, originally launched in 1966 as The Fulcrum, is the student newspaper of record for the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... Fish Rap Live!, also known as FRL!, is a monthly alternative publication at the University of California, Santa Cruz. ... An external view of the KZSC building KZSC (88. ...