Territorial claims on the continent

Territorial claims of Antarctica

Antarctica territories

Several nations, particularly those close to the continent, made territorial claims in the 20th century. These claims have little practical relevance due to the Antarctic Treaty, which came into effect in 1961, but continue to be observed by cartographers. Download high resolution version (990x1220, 206 KB)Political map and research stations (2002) Public domain, produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ... Download high resolution version (990x1220, 206 KB)Political map and research stations (2002) Public domain, produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x682, 75 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Antarctica territories ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x682, 75 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Antarctica territories ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Graham Bertram (NAVA) 1996 conceptual flag for Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ...

Most countries that have observation or study facilities in Antarctica have those facilities within their claimed territory. The Antarctic Treaty defers these claims and most other nations do not recognize them. No other nations have made claims themselves, although the United States and Russia assert the right to do so. All claim areas except Peter I Island (see below) are sectors extending to the South Pole, the borders of which are defined by degrees of longitude. In terms of latitude, the northern border is the 60° S parallel that does not cut through any piece of land, continent or island, which is the northern limit of the Antarctic treaty. The southern border of all sectors collapses in one point, the South Pole. Graham Bertram (NAVA) 1996 conceptual flag for Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... Location of the South Pole in the Antarctic continent. ... Map of Earth showing lines of longitude, which appear curved and vertical in this projection, but are actually halves of great circles Longitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter λ, describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian. ... Latitude, sometimes denoted by the Greek letter φ, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. ...

• Argentina: 25°W to 74°W; overlaps Chilean and British claims; claimed 1943 as Argentinian Antarctica (Antártida Argentina), one of the four departments of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands province

• Australia: 160°E to 142°02'E and 136°11'E to 44°38'E; claimed in 1933 as the Australian Antarctic Territory, one of Australia's seven external territories

• Chile: 53°W to 90°W; Overlaps Argentine and British Claims; claimed 1940, as Comuna de la Antártica, one of the two municipalities of Antártica Chilena Province

• France: 142°02'E to 136°'11'E; claimed 1924 as Adelie Land (Terre Adélie), one of the four districts of the French Southern Territories

• New Zealand: 150°W to 160°E; claimed 1923 as Ross Dependency, a territory of New Zealand

• Norway: 44°38'E to 20°W; claimed 1939 as Dronning Maud Land (Queen Maud Land), a Norwegian territory

• Norway: Peter I Island at 68°50'S, 90°35'W, claimed 1929, the only Antarctic claim area that is not a sector; a Norwegian territory

• United Kingdom: 20°W to 80°W; overlaps Argentine and Chilean claims; claimed 1908 as British Antarctic Territory, one of the British overseas territories

No formal claims have been made in the sector between 90°W and 150°W, except for the Norwegian claim to Peter I Island (see above). Besides, Brazil declared in 1986 the sector between 28°W to 53°W (Brazilian Antarctica (Antártica Brasileira) [1][2][3]; overlaps Argentine and British claims) as its Zone of Interest (informal claim). Antarctic portion between meridians 25º West and 74º West Argentine Antarctica (in Spanish, Antártida Argentina) is a sector of Antarctica which Argentina considers part of its National Territory. ... Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands (Sp. ... The Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT) is the part of Antarctica claimed by Australia. ... Antártica Chilena Province is a province of Chile in the southernmost region, Magellanes, being one of four provinces in that region. ... Antártica Chilena Province is a province of Chile in the southernmost region, Magellanes, being one of four provinces in that region. ... The French Southern Territories (long name: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises or TAAF) are antarctic, volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Africa and about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. ... The French Southern Territories (long name: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, French: Territoire des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises or TAAF) are antarctic, volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, south of Africa and about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia. ... Political status Dependency of New Zealand Governor Dame Silvia Cartwright, ex officio as Governor-General of New Zealand Area  â€“ Total  450 000 km² (174 000 mi²) Population Scott Base: 10-80 seasonally McMurdo Station: 200-1000 seasonally Currency New Zealand dollar The Ross Dependency comprises an area of Antarctica (and... Dronning Maud Land (or Queen Maud Land) is the part of Antarctica lying between 20°W and 45°E, with a land area of approximately 2,500,000 km², mostly covered by the Antarctic ice sheet. ... Fabian von Bellingshausen discovered Peter I Island (in Norwegian ) off West Antarctica on January 21, 1821. ... Flag of the British Antarctic Territory The British Antarctic Territory is the British claim to land and islands in Antarctica, and is the oldest territorial claim on the continent. ...

Historic claims

• Germany: 20°E to 10°W; overlapped Norwegian claim; claimed 1939–1945 as New Swabia (Neuschwabenland)

• South Africa: unverified claim; claimed 1963–1994 as South African Antarctica [4][5]

The 1938-1939 expeditions logo New Schwabenland or Neuschwabenland (New Swabia in English) is an area of Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W (overlapping a portion of Queen Maud Land) claimed by Germany between 1939 and 1945. ...

Claims on antarctic and sub-antarctic islands

• Alexander Island, claimed by the United Kingdom, Chile and Argentina

• Amsterdam Island (FR)

• Antipodes Islands (NZ)

• Auckland Islands (NZ)

• Balleny Islands claimed by New Zealand

• Bounty Islands (NZ)

• Bouvet Island (NO)

• Campbell Island group (NZ)

• Coulman Island, claimed by New Zealand

• Crozet Islands (FR)

• Falkland Islands (UK claimed by Argentina

• Heard Island (AUS)

• Kerguelen Islands (FR)

• Macquarie Island (AUS)

• McDonald Islands (AUS)

• Peter I Island, claimed by Norway

• Prince Edward Islands (SA)

• Roosevelt Island, claimed by New Zealand

• Ross Island, claimed by New Zealand

• Saint-Paul Island (FR)

• Scott Island, claimed by New Zealand

• Snares Islands (NZ)

• South Georgia (UK de facto claimed by ARG)

• South Orkney Islands (under the Antarctic Treaty, ARG de facto claimed by UK)

• South Sandwich Islands (UK claimed by ARG)

• South Shetland Islands (claimed by ARG/CHI/UK under the Antarctic Treaty)

See: List of antarctic and sub-antarctic islands Alexander Island shown within Antarctica For the Canadian arctic island see Alexander Island, Nunavut. ... Île Amsterdam is a sub-Antarctic island discovered by Juan Sebastián de Elcano on March 18, 1522. ... The Antipodes Islands are an inhospitable uninhabited island group to the south of—and territorially part of—New Zealand. ... The Auckland Islands (50°42′ S 166°5′ E) form a sub-antarctic archipelago of New Zealand. ... The Balleny Islands (66°55′ S 163°45′ E) form a chain of uninhabited, mainly volcanic, islands in the Southern Ocean streching from 66°15 to 67°35S and 162°30 to 165°00E. The group contains three main islands: Young, Buckle and Sturge, which lie in a... The Bounty Islands (47°42′ S 179°04′ E) are a small group of 13 islets and numerous rocks in the south Pacific Ocean which are territorially part of New Zealand. ... The Campbell Island group (or Campbell Islands) is a group of sub-antarctic islands, belonging to New Zealand. ... Coulman Island (73°5′ S 169°06′ E) is an ice-covered island, composed of several connected shield volcanos. ... Orthographic projection centred over the Iles Crozet The Crozet Islands (French ÃŽles Crozet) are a sub-antarctic archipelago of small islands in the southern Indian Ocean, part of the French Southern Territories. ... Heard Island, from NASA World Wind Heard Island and the McDonald Islands are uninhabited, barren islands located in the Southern Ocean at 53°6S, 72°31E, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. ... Kerguelen Islands Orthographic projection centred over Kerguelen Island The Kerguelen Archipelago is in the southern Indian Ocean at 49°20′ S 70°20′ E. The main island, Grande Terre, originally called Desolation Island, is 6,675 km2 and it is surrounded by another 300 smaller islands and islets, forming an... Orthographic projection over Macquarie Island Macquarie Island is located in the Southern Ocean, about halfway between Australia and Antarctica. ... Heard Island, from NASA World Wind Heard Island and the McDonald Islands are uninhabited, barren islands located in the Southern Ocean at 53°6S, 72°31E, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. ... Fabian von Bellingshausen discovered Peter I Island (in Norwegian ) off West Antarctica on January 21, 1821. ... Orthographic projection centered on the Prince Edward Islands The Prince Edward Islands are two small islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean that are politically part of South Africa. ... Location of Roosevelt Island Roosevelt Island (79°25S 162°00W) is an ice-covered island, about 130 km long in a NW-SE direction, 65 km wide and about 7,500 km2 in area, lying in the E part of the Ross Ice Shelf of Antarctica. ... Map of Ross Island Ross Island is a volcanic island in the Ross Sea by Antarctica, on the coast of Victoria Land. ... ÃŽle Saint-Paul is a very small island in the French Southern Territories about 85 km (53 mi) south of its larger counterpart ÃŽle Amsterdam. ... Scott Island (67°24′ S 179°55′ W) is a small uninhabited island of volcanic origin in the Southern Ocean, 505 km northeastward of Cape Adare, the northeastern extremity of Victoria Land. ... The Snares, New Zealand The Snares (also known as Tini Heke and, incorrectly, as Snares Islands) are a small subantarctic island group approximately 200 kilometres south of New Zealands South Island. ... South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina. ... Motto: En Unión y Libertad (English: In Union and Liberty) Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino Capital Buenos Aires Largest city Buenos Aires Official languages Spanish Government President Democratic Republic Néstor Kirchner Independence - May Revolution - Declared - Recognised from Spain 25 May 1810 9 July 1816 in 1821 (by Portugal) Area... The South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas) are a group of sub-antarctic islands situated at latitudes 60°50 to 60°83 S, and longitudes 44°25 to 46°25 W in the Southern Ocean. ... Graham Bertram (NAVA) 1996 conceptual flag for Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... Motto: En Unión y Libertad (English: In Union and Liberty) Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino Capital Buenos Aires Largest city Buenos Aires Official languages Spanish Government President Democratic Republic Néstor Kirchner Independence - May Revolution - Declared - Recognised from Spain 25 May 1810 9 July 1816 in 1821 (by Portugal) Area... South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, also claimed by Argentina. ... Motto: En Unión y Libertad (English: In Union and Liberty) Anthem: Himno Nacional Argentino Capital Buenos Aires Largest city Buenos Aires Official languages Spanish Government President Democratic Republic Néstor Kirchner Independence - May Revolution - Declared - Recognised from Spain 25 May 1810 9 July 1816 in 1821 (by Portugal) Area... The South Shetland Islands or Iles Shetland du Sud or Islas Shetland del Sur or New South Britain or New South Shetland or Shetland Islands or South Shetlands or Sydshetland or Süd-Shetland Inseln are a chain of islands in the Southern Ocean lying about 120 kilometres northward of... Graham Bertram (NAVA) 1996 conceptual flag for Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate the international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earths only uninhabited continent. ... The sub-antarctic islands are the islands in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica out of Antarctic Circle (66° 33 38). Antarctic islands are the islands in the Southern Ocean or in the seas around Antarctica inside of Antarctic Circle. ...

See also

• Antarctic Treaty System
• Antarctica
• History of Antarctica