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Encyclopedia > Antipruritic

Antipruritics, also known as anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: pruritus) that is often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, and mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) or stinging nettle. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An itch (Latin: pruritus) is an uncomfortable sensation felt on an area of skin that causes a person or animal to desire to scratch that area. ... Pancreatitus can be caused by an Allergic Reaction to a food. ... For the beetle, see Exema. ... Chickenpox is the common name for Varicella zoster, classically one of the childhood infectious diseases caught by and survived by almost every child. ... toes infection brown with white markings ... Insect bites and stings occur when an insect is agitated and seeks to defend itself through its natural defense mechanisms, or when an insect seeks to feed off the bitten person. ... For other uses, see Mosquito (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Flea (disambiguation). ... Look up mite in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Contact dermatitis is a term for a skin reaction resulting from exposure to allergens or irritants. ... Binomial name Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze Poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans or Rhus toxicodendron), in the family Anacardiaceae, is a woody vine that is well-known for its ability to produce urushiol, a skin irritant which for most people will cause an agonizing, itching rash. ... Toxicodendron pubescens (Atlantic Poison-oak), one of a large number of species containing urushiol irritants. ... Binomial name L. The stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a herbaceous flowering plant, also known in the United States as 7-minute-itch, native to Europe, Asia, northern Africa, and North America, and is the best known member of the nettle genus Urtica. ...

Contents

Common antipruritics

Topical antipruritics in the form of creams and sprays are often available over-the-counter. Oral (by-mouth) anti-itch drugs also exist and are usually prescription drugs. The active ingredients usually belong to the following classes: In medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as the vagina, nasopharynx, or the eye. ... Cans of cream. ... Spray can refer to: A slang adjective used to describe something positively. ... Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that may be sold without a prescription and without a visit to a medical professional, in contrast to prescription drugs. ... Look up oral in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained. ... An active ingredient, also active pharmaceutical ingredient (or API), is the substance in drug that is pharmaceutically active. ...

An antihistamine is a drug which serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released during allergic reactions, through action at the histamine receptor. ... Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (trade name Benadryl, as produced by J&J, or Dimedrol outside the U.S. & Canada. ... In physiology, corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. ... Hydrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug which may be given by injection or by topical application. ... A local anesthetic is a drug that reversibly inhibits the propagation of signals along nerves. ... Benzocaine is a local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever. ... A counterirritant is a substance which creates inflammation in one location with the goal of lessening the inflammation in another location. ... MiNT (MiNT is Now TOS) is an alternative operating system (OS) kernel for the Atari ST computer and its successors which is free software. ... Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. ... R-phrases 11-20/21/22-36/37/38 S-phrases 16-26-36 RTECS number EX1260000 (R) EX1250000 (S) Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

Disputed and questionable antipruritics

Calamine lotion is a zinc-based antipruritic typically used to treat sunburn, eczema, rashes and insect bites and stings. ... Zinc oxide is a chemical compound with formula ZnO. It is nearly insoluble in water but soluble in acids or alkalis. ... Iron(III) oxide — also known as ferric oxide, Hematite, red iron oxide, synthetic maghemite, colcothar, or simply rust — is one of the several oxide compounds of iron, and has paramagnetic properties. ... Burows solution is a pharmacological preparation made of aluminum acetate disolved in water. ... Aluminium acetate, (CH3CO2)2AlOH. Categories: | | | ... For the Popeye character, see Olive Oyl. ... Species See text. ... SSRI redirects here; for other uses, see SSRI (disambiguation). ...

Home remedies

  • Cooling with ice or cold water
  • Heat, for example by a hot shower
  • Soft rubbing, which activates fast-conducting, low-threshold neurons
  • Slightly painful stimulation like scratching, based on a spinal antagonism between pain- and itch-processing neurons
  • Mixture of Rose water and starch can have an itch-calming effect

Drawing by Santiago Ramón y Cajal of neurons in the pigeon cerebellum. ... The scratch reflex is a reflex transmitted by very sensitive nerve endings near the surface of the skin via the spinal cord, and is a reflex frequently inherited by mammals. ... Spine is a word with several meanings. ... Look up Antagonism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Pain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

References

  1. ^ Hercogová J (2005). "Topical anti-itch therapy". Dermatologic therapy 18 (4): 341-3. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x. PMID 16297007. 
  2. ^ xAmerican Topics. An Outdated Notion, That Calamine Lotion. Retrieved on 2007-07-19.
  3. ^ Appel, L.M. Ohmart and R.F. Sterner, Zinc oxide: A new, pink, refractive microform crystal. AMA Arch Dermatol 73 (1956), pp. 316–324. PMID 13301048
  4. ^ D. Long, N. H. Ballentine, J. G. Marks. Treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis with an extract of jewelweed. Am. J. Contact. Dermat. 8(3):150-3 1997 PMID 9249283
  5. ^ M. R. Gibson, F. T. Maher. Activity of jewelweed and its enzymes in the treatment of Rhus dermatitis. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 39(5):294-6 1950 PMID 15421925
  6. ^ J. D. Guin, R. Reynolds. Jewelweed treatment of poison ivy dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 6(4):287-8 1980 PMID 6447037
  7. ^ B. J. Zink, E. J. Otten, M. Rosenthal, B. Singal. The effect of jewel weed in preventing poison ivy dermatitis. Journal of Wilderness Medicine 2(3):178–182 1991 online
  8. ^ Lee CS, Koo J (2005). "Psychopharmacologic therapies in dermatology: an update". Dermatologic clinics 23 (4): 735-44. DOI:10.1016/j.det.2005.05.015. PMID 16112451. 

A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...

External links

  • Frontiers in pruritus research: scratching the brain for more effective itch therapy J. Clin. Invest. 116:1174-1185 (2006). DOI 10.1172/JCI28553
v • d • e
Major Drug Groups
Gastrointestinal tract (A) Antacids • Antiemetics  • H₂-receptor antagonists • Proton pump inhibitors • Laxatives • Antidiarrhoeals
Blood and blood forming organs (B) Anticoagulants • Antiplatelets • Thrombolytics
Cardiovascular system (C) Antiarrhythmics • Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Vasodilators • Antianginals • Beta blockers • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors • Antihyperlipidemics
Skin (D) Antipruritics
Reproductive system (G) Hormonal contraception • Fertility agents • Selective estrogen receptor modulators • Sex hormones
Endocrine system (H) Anti-diabetics • Corticosteroids • Sex hormones • Thyroid hormones
Infections and Infestations (J, P) Antibiotics • Antivirals • Vaccines • Antifungals • Antiprotozoals • Anthelmintics
Malignant and Immune disease (L) Anticancer agents • Immunosuppressants
Muscles, Bones, and Joints (M) Anabolic steroids • Anti-inflammatories • Antirheumatics • Corticosteroids • Muscle relaxants
Brain and Nervous system (N) Anesthetics • Analgesics • Anticonvulsants • Mood stabilizers  • Anxiolytics • Antipsychotics • Antidepressants • Nervous system stimulants
Respiratory system (R) Bronchodilators • Decongestants  • Antihistamines
v • d • e
Antipruritics (D04)
Antihistamines for topical use Thonzylamine - Mepyramine - Thenalidine - Tripelennamine - Chloropyramine - Promethazine - Tolpropamine - Dimetindene - Clemastine - Bamipine - Isothipendyl - Diphenhydramine - Chlorphenoxamine
Anesthetics for topical use Lidocaine - Cinchocaine - Oxybuprocaine - Benzocaine - Quinisocaine - Tetracaine - Pramocaine

  Results from FactBites:
 
Antipruritic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (113 words)
An Antipruritic is a drug which reduces pruritis, or itching.
Calamine lotion is a zinc-based anti-pruritic that has been used in this capacity for hundreds of years.
A commonly used herbal antipruritic is olive oil, but its use can cause a worsening of many skin disorders caused by fungi, as they flourish in vegetable oils.
Antipruritic action of thalidomide. (333 words)
Itch, assessed subjectively by the patients on a 10 cm line and measured objectively as nocturnal scratch movement, was decreased by thalidomide 200 mg on the 2 nights it was given.
There was no improvement in the underlying disorders and it is concluded that thalidomide is a primary antipruritic agent.
The patients all became drowsy and it seems likely that, as with most other antipruritic agents, the antipruritic action of thalidomide results from a central depressant effect.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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