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Apocalypse Now is a 1979 Academy Award and Golden Globe winning American film set during the Vietnam War. It tells the story of Army Captain Benjamin L. Willard who is sent into the jungle to assassinate United States Army Special Forces Colonel Walter E. Kurtz, who is said to have gone insane. The film has been viewed as a journey into the darkness of the human psyche. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. ...
American Zoetrope is the name of the studios founded by Francis Ford Coppola, named after a collection of zoetropes he was given in the late 1960s by filmmaker and collector of early motion picture making equipment, Mogens Skot-Hansen. ...
For other uses, see Heart of Darkness (disambiguation). ...
// Joseph Conrad (born Teodor Józef Konrad Nałęcz-Korzeniowski, 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-born novelist who spent most of his adult life in Britain. ...
John Milius (born April 11, 1944 in St. ...
Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. ...
Martin Sheen (born August 3, 1940) is an Emmy- and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor. ...
Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
Robert Selden Duvall (born January 5, 1931) is an Academy Award and four-time Golden Globe winning American film actor and director. ...
Frederic Forrest (born December 23, 1936 in Waxahachie, Texas) is an American actor. ...
Laurence John Fishburne III[1] (born July 30, 1961) is an American Academy Award-nominated, Emmy- and Tony Award-winning actor of screen and stage, as well as playwright, director, and producer. ...
Dennis Lee Hopper (born May 17, 1936) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor and film-maker. ...
For the silent film actor, see Harrison Ford (silent film actor). ...
Albert P. Hall (born November 10, 1937) is an American actor. ...
Sam Bottoms (b. ...
Aurore Cl ment (born October 12, 1945) is a French actress. ...
Carmine Coppola Carmine Coppola (born June 11, 1910 in New York City, died April 26, 1991 in Northridge, CA) was a composer, editor, musical director, and songwriter. ...
Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. ...
Vittorio Storaro (born 24 June 1940 in Rome, Italy) is a Italian cinematographer. ...
Gerald B. Greenberg (sometimes credited as Jerry Greenberg or Gerry Greenberg) is an Academy Award-winning film editor. ...
Walter Murch speaking 13 March 2005 Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an Academy Award–winning film editor/sound mixer. ...
This article is about the film studio. ...
Paramount Home Entertainment (formerly Paramount Home Video) is a home video company founded in 1981. ...
Miramax Films is a film production and distribution brand that was a Big Ten film motion picture distribution and production company headquartered in New York City before being bought out by The Walt Disney Company. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...
The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival de Cannes), founded in 1939, is one of the worlds oldest, most influential and prestigious film festivals. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ...
is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ...
A directors cut is a specially edited version of a film, and less often TV series, music video, commercials or video games, that is supposed to represent the directors own approved edit. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
// Events March 5 - Production begins on Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back. ...
Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ...
The Golden Globe Award The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. ...
This article is about motion pictures. ...
Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000...
The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ...
The United States Army Special Forces —Special Forces or SF — is an elite Special Operations Force of the United States Army trained for unconventional warfare and special operations. ...
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The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
The film was directed by Francis Ford Coppola from a script by Coppola, John Milius and Michael Herr, and was in large part based on Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness (1899), as well as drawing elements from Herr's "Dispatches" (1977). It was also notably influenced by Werner Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972), especially in its imagery. Coppola himself has noted, "Aguirre, with its incredible imagery, was a very strong influence. I'd be remiss if I didn't mention it."[1] Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. ...
John Milius (born April 11, 1944 in St. ...
Michael Herr (born in 1940, Syracuse, New York) is a writer and former war correspondent, best known as the author of Dispatches (1977), a memoir of his time as a correspondent for Esquire magazine (1967-1969) during the Vietnam War. ...
// Joseph Conrad (born Teodor Józef Konrad Nałęcz-Korzeniowski, 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-born novelist who spent most of his adult life in Britain. ...
A novella is a narrative work of prose fiction somewhat longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. ...
For other uses, see Heart of Darkness (disambiguation). ...
This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ...
Werner Herzog (born Werner Stipetić on September 5, 1942) is a critically and internationally acclaimed German film director, screenwriter, actor, and opera director. ...
For other uses, see Aguirre (disambiguation). ...
The film stars Martin Sheen as Captain Benjamin L. Willard (based on Marlow in Conrad's novella), Marlon Brando as Colonel Kurtz, Dennis Hopper as a photojournalist, and Robert Duvall in an Oscar-nominated turn as the wild Lt. Colonel Bill Kilgore. The movie became notorious in the entertainment press due to its lengthy and troubled production. In the end, Coppola had to finance the film with his own money. Martin Sheen (born August 3, 1940) is an Emmy- and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor. ...
Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
Dennis Lee Hopper (born May 17, 1936) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor and film-maker. ...
Robert Selden Duvall (born January 5, 1931) is an Academy Award and four-time Golden Globe winning American film actor and director. ...
Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ...
[edit] Synopsis The film, which opens with no title or credits, is centered around U.S. Army Captain Benjamin Willard (Martin Sheen), a former covert operative who has been inactive for several weeks in Saigon. Intelligence officers send him on a mission deep into the remote Cambodian jungle to find a missing United States Army Special Forces colonel. The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...
Martin Sheen (born August 3, 1940) is an Emmy- and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor. ...
Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thà nh Chà Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ...
Military intelligence (abbreviated MI, int. ...
The United States Army Special Forces —Special Forces or SF — is an elite Special Operations Force of the United States Army trained for unconventional warfare and special operations. ...
Colonel Walter E. Kurtz (Marlon Brando), a decorated officer, is said to have gone insane and is commanding a legion of his own Montagnard troops deep inside the forest in neutral Cambodia. Willard is ordered to undertake a mission to find Kurtz and "terminate his command ... with extreme prejudice." There, Willard learns that Kurtz has assumed the role of a warlord and is worshipped by the natives and his own loyal men. Another officer named Colby, sent earlier with the same orders, has become one of his lieutenants. Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
‹ The template below (Expand) is being considered for deletion. ...
The Degar (referred to by French colonists as Montagnard) are the indigenous peoples of the central highlands of Vietnam. ...
Neutrality: Neutrality in international law is the status of a nation that refrains from participation in a war between other states and maintains an impartial attitude toward the belligerents. ...
Extreme prejudice is a term coined to discribe the attitude and behavior exhibited by a certain armed force on any particular mission. ...
Willard begins his trip up the fictional Nung River on a PBR (Patrol Boat, River) named Erebus, with an eclectic crew composed of by-the-book Chief Phillips, a Navy boat commander; GM3 Lance B. Johnson, a tanned all-American California surfer, the Cajun Engineman, Jay "Chef" Hicks, and GM3 Bubba Tyrone, also known as "Mr. Clean" (Laurence Fishburne), a 17-year-old from "some South Bronx shithole." Patrol Boat Patrol Boat, Rigid (sometimes River or Riverine), or PBR, is the US Navy designation for a type of rigid-hulled patrol boat used in the Vietnam War from March 1966 until the end of 1970. ...
In Greek mythology Erebus (ΈÏεβος Erebos, Deep blackness/darkness or shadow from Ancient Greek ΈÏεβος) was the son of a primordial God, Chaos, the personification of darkness and shadow, which filled in all the corners and crannies of the world. ...
U.S. Navy Good conduct variation U.S. Navy Petty Officer Third Class insignia Petty Officer Third Class is the fourth enlisted rank in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard, just above Seaman and below Petty Officer Second Class, and is the lowest form of non-commissioned...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ...
Cajuns are an ethnic group mainly living in Louisiana, consisting of the descendants of Acadian exiles and peoples of other ethnicities with whom the Acadians eventually intermarried on the semitropical frontier. ...
Laurence John Fishburne III[1] (born July 30, 1961) is an American Academy Award-nominated, Emmy- and Tony Award-winning actor of screen and stage, as well as playwright, director, and producer. ...
This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...
[edit] Into battle
 "I love the smell of napalm in the morning", Kilgore remarks to Willard and the boat crew. "Smells like...victory." The PBR arrives at a Landing Zone (LZ) where Willard and the crew meet up with Lt. Colonel William Kilgore, the eccentric commander of the "First of the Ninth", 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry (Aerial Reconnaissance), following a massive and hectic mopping-up operation of a conquered enemy town. Kilgore, an avid surfer, learns from one of his men that the beach which marks the opening to the Nung River is perfect for surfing, and thus orders his men to capture the village and the beach. The beginning of the attack is what may be the film's most famous scene, featuring Ride of the Valkyries. Diegetic sound techniques are most notable when Richard Wagner’s Ride of the Valkyries is blasting out from loudspeakers on the helicopter as a psychological warfare technique as the air cavalry approaches the unsuspecting Vietnamese village. At this point the film starts to pose moral questions and contrasts the peace of the Vietnamese village with the brash and hi-tech U.S assault. Children are seen ushered to safety from a school yard with the distant helicopters in the background. Later a Vietnamese woman destroys a landed helicopter in the yard using a hidden grenade. This enrages Kilgore, whose helicopter is shown gunning down the escaping woman with Kilgore exclaiming "fucking savages!". Image File history File links I love the smell of napalm in the morning, Kilgore remarks to Willard and the boat crew, explaining that it smells like. ...
Image File history File links I love the smell of napalm in the morning, Kilgore remarks to Willard and the boat crew, explaining that it smells like. ...
A Landing Zone or LZ is a military term for any area where aircraft land. ...
9th Cavalry Regiment distinctive unit insignia The 9th Cavalry Regiment is a unit of the United States Army, 1st Cavalry Division, which in turn is a component of the Third Corps. ...
For other uses, see Surfing (disambiguation). ...
Arthur Rackhams illustration to the Ride of the Valkyries The Ride of the Valkyries (German: Walkürenritt) is the popular term for the beginning of Act III of Die Walküre by Richard Wagner. ...
In diegesis the author tells the story. ...
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ...
The U.S. Department of Defense defines psychological warfare (PSYWAR) as: The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives. ...
Air cavalry are infantry units that use air units like the helicopter for mobility and firepower. ...
Coppola cameos with a media news crew landing with the troops. He exhorts Willard to keep moving and not to look at the camera, as if on the set of a real film. The scene highlights the blurring of the 'war experience', the surreal nature of Vietnam for many of its American participants and of course the deep involvement of the media and entertainment industry in the war. This last theme runs right through Apocalypse Now culminating in Hopper's 'crazed' photojournalist character at Kurtz's lair.
The village invasion ends with the soldiers surfing the barely claimed beach amidst sporadic mortar round bursts from the VC. After helicopters swoop over the village and demolish all visible signs of resistance, a giant napalm strike in the nearby jungle dramatically marks the climax of the battle. A Viet Cong soldier, heavily guarded, awaits interrogation following capture in the attacks on Saigon during the festive Tet holiday period of 1968. ...
A simulated Napalm explosion during MCAS Air Show in 2003. ...
The climax (or turning point) of a narrative work is its point of highest tension or drama in which the solution is given. ...
[edit] Heading upriver The tone darkens as the boat navigates upstream and Willard's obsession with Kurtz deepens. Incidents on the journey include a run-in with a tiger, a stop at a USO outpost where GIs watch a show featuring three Playboy Playmates, a rogue field hospital where the playmates are being prostituted among the bodies, an impromptu inspection of a Vietnamese sampan that leads to a massacre, a surreal stop at the last American outpost defending a bridge, a lone French outpost ("plantation") still manned and intact from the French Indochina war which ended in 1954 (this film segment is considerably extended in a politics-, drugs- and sex-laden sequence in the "Redux" version), and the deaths of both Clean and Chief Phillips in separate incidents. For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation). ...
The United Service Organizations The United Service Organizations Inc. ...
For other uses, see Playboy (disambiguation). ...
2004 Playmate of the Year Carmella DeCesare meets with fans A Playmate is a female model featured in the centerfold/gatefold of Playboy magazine as Playmate of the Month (or PMOM). ...
A sampan carrying passengers to the outlying islands off the Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong Sampan on the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), China A sampan (舢舨) is a relatively flat bottomed Chinese wooden boat from twelve to fifteen feet long. ...
The Indochina Wars refers to wars of national liberation that erupted in the wake of World War II, fought in Southeast Asia from 1947 until 1979, between nationalist Vietnamese against French, American, and Chinese forces. ...
In addition, the further up the river and towards the front lines the PBR goes, the more anarchic the situation becomes. At the start of the movie in Saigon, few clues indicate a war is taking place. The base where Willard receives his orders is a calm military installation. Kilgore is fighting in territory in which the United States and South Vietnamese still have a tremendous advantage. Further up the river, however, the odds even out, and each encounter becomes more perilous. A field hospital that turned rogue after the commander was killed and the chain of command collapsed becoming unresponsive to an American helicopter crash called in by Phillips. By the time the PBR reaches the actual front lines there is nothing but total chaos. Going ashore, Willard encounters a squad of soldiers guarding a bridge installation that is blown up by the NVA every night and rebuilt each day by the Americans, most of whom seem frightened and confused, with no apparent order — military or otherwise. (When Willard asks one of the American soldiers who his commanding officer is, the soldier replies, "Ain't you?")
Once past the front-lines and into Cambodia, however, the PBR crew is surprised to find a sense of calm, almost like being in the eye of a hurricane. It is clear that even the NVA and VC don't dare venture near Kurtz's encampment, and an unnerving quiet descends over the rest of the journey as the PBR passes evidence of the fate of those who did dare to venture near.(interspersed with the PBR being attacked by unseen assailants who kill Clean & Chief Phillips).
Willard, Johnson, and Chef eventually arrive at Kurtz's compound: rotting bodies and the stench of blood and decay are everywhere, yet Kurtz's followers seem oblivious to the horrors around them. Willard is met by a burned-out hippie freelance photographer (Hopper) who defends Kurtz, arguing that he is a great man with profound philosophical insight. Willard leaves Chef behind with orders to call in an air strike on the village if he does not return. Chef remains on the PBR while Johnson mingles with the natives, eventually blending in with them. While Willard initially walks freely among Kurtz's men and followers, they eventually seize him and bring him to Kurtz. It is apparent that Kurtz fully expected someone like Willard to be sent again (telling Willard, "you are an errand boy, sent by grocery clerks, to collect a bill") and he accuses him of being an assassin. Kurtz also lectures him on his theories of war, humanity, and civilization. For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ...
A military strike is a limited attack on a specified target. ...
For other uses, see Human nature (disambiguation). ...
Central New York City. ...
Willard is imprisoned and bound roughly in a bamboo tiger cage. That night, Kurtz comes to the still-bound Willard and places the severed head of Chef in his lap (but it is merely a dream). Soon thereafter Willard is released from the cage and brought back to Kurtz's temple. There he remains for days, still watched, but essentially unguarded. Willard sits and listens to Kurtz read poetry and speak of war. Previously in the movie, while on the river, the audience is fed pieces of information about Kurtz via the narration of a dossier on Kurtz provided by US Army Intelligence which was being read by Willard. The picture that emerged was of a brilliant soldier who was being groomed to be a general, but who became mentally unbalanced and brutal. The cause of Kurtz's eventual break from reality is revealed: the nature of how the Vietnam conflict was fought caused Kurtz to become disillusioned with the military. Kurtz reveals that years earlier, while he was still following orders, he had taken his battalion to a South Vietnamese village to inoculate the local children for polio. Soon after they left, the battalion was called back by a crying old man from the village. What had happened was horrifying: the VC had come and cut off the inoculated arm of every inoculated child. But after crying, Kurtz, already mentally unstable, finally broke. He admired the will and brutality of the VC troops (calling the act genius and brilliant) and realized that the Americans could never win the war against this kind of enemy unless they became equally brutal.
The finale involves juxtaposed scenes of a ceremonial slaughtering of a water buffalo, while Willard kills Kurtz with a machete. Dying on the ground, Kurtz whispers "The horror... the horror," (a quote taken directly from Conrad's novella). Willard walks through the now-silent crowd of natives, all of whom know he has killed their "god" and who begin to kneel before him as Kurtz's replacement. However, he finds Johnson, who has since joined the natives, and boards the PBR. As they float away Kurtz's final words "The Horror, the horror" echo and the screen fades to black. For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ...
[edit] Alternative versions
[edit] Endings At the time of its release, many rumors surrounded the ending of Apocalypse Now. Coppola stated an ending was written in haste in which Willard and Kurtz joined forces and repelled the air strike on the compound; however, while Coppola never fully agreed with the two going out in apocalyptic intensity, preferring to end the film in a more encouraging manner [citation needed].
When Coppola originally organized the ending of the movie, he had two choices. One involved Willard leading Lance by the hand as everyone in Kurtz's base throws down their weapons, and ends with images of Willard's boat pulling away from Kurtz's compound superimposed over the face of a stone idol which then fades into black. Another option showed an air strike being called and the base being blown to bits in a spectacular display, consequently killing everyone left at the base.
The original 1978 70mm theatrical release ended with Willard's boat, the stone statue, then fade to black with no credits. Later, when it was no longer practical to not have any credits, Coppola elected to show the credits superimposed over shots of Kurtz's base exploding (anamorphic 16mm rental prints circulated with this ending, and can be found in the hands of a few collectors); however, when Coppola heard that audiences interpreted this as an air strike called by Willard, Coppola pulled the film from its 35mm run, and put credits on a black screen. In the DVD commentary, Coppola explains that the images of explosions had not been intended to be part of the story; they were intended to be seen as completely separate from the film. He had added them to the credits because he had captured the footage during the demolition of the set in the Philippines, which was filmed with multiple cameras fitted with different film stocks and lenses to capture the explosions at different speeds.
Because of the confusion over the misinterpreted ending, there are multiple slightly varying versions of the ending credits. Some TV screenings maintain the explosion footage at the end, others do not, and there are several other versions.
The 70mm release ends with no credits, save for 'Copyright 1979 Omni Zoetrope' right after the film ends; This mirrors the lack of any opening titles, and supposedly stems from Coppola's original intention to "tour" the film as one would a play: the credits would have appeared on printed programs provided before the screening began. This was, in fact, done in certain cinemas and was repeated during the theatrical release of Apocalypse Now: Redux.[citation needed]
The first DVD of the theatrical version plays like the 70mm version, without beginning or ending credits, but has them on a separate part of the DVD. The credits to Apocalypse Now: Redux are different again: the credits play over a black background, but with ambient music by the Rhythm Devils. The Rhythm Devils is a super group comprised of Grateful Dead drummers Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart, former Phish bassist Mike Gordon and former The Other Ones, Heart of Gold Band, current band Zero and Steve Kimock Band member, Steve Kimock. ...
[edit] Apocalypse Now Redux -
In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux (Latin for "brought back") in cinemas and subsequently on DVD. This is an extended version that restores 49 minutes of scenes cut from the original film. Coppola has continued to circulate the original version as well: the two versions are packaged together in the Complete Dossier DVD, released on August 15, 2006. Apocalypse Now Redux is an extended, definitive version of Apocalypse Now. ...
For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...
Size comparison: A 12 cm Sony DVD+RW and a 19 cm Dixon Ticonderoga pencil. ...
is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The most significant footage added in the Redux version is an anticolonialism chapter involving the de Marais family's rubber plantation, a holdover from the colonization of French Indochina, featuring Coppola's two sons Gian-Carlo and Roman as children of the family. These scenes were removed from the 1979 cut, which premiered at Cannes, presumably because political critiques of the French colonization of Vietnam were taboo in France at the time. However, in behind the scenes footage in Hearts of Darkness, Coppola expresses his anger, on the set, at the technical aspects of the shot scenes, the result of tight allocation of resources. At the time of the Redux, it was possible to digitally-enhance the footage to accomplish Coppola's vision. In the scenes, the French family patriarchs argue about the positive side of colonialism in Indochina and denounce the betrayal of the military men in the First Indochina War. Hubert de Marais argues that French politicians sacrificed entire battalions at Điện Biên Phủ, and tells Willard that the US created the Viet Cong (as the Viet Minh), to fend off Japanese invaders. Image File history File linksMetadata Robertduval2. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Robertduval2. ...
Robert Selden Duvall (born January 5, 1931) is an Academy Award and four-time Golden Globe winning American film actor and director. ...
Anti-imperialism, strictly speaking, is a term that may be applied to any idea or movement opposed to some form of imperialism. ...
Flag Capital Hanoi Language(s) French Political structure Federation Historical era New Imperialism - Established 1887 - Addition of Laos 1893 - Vietnam Declaration of Independence September 2, 1945 - Independence of Laos July 19, 1949 - Independence of Cambodia November 9, 1953 - Disestablished 1954 Area - 1945 750,000 km2 289,577 sq mi Currency...
Gian-Carlo Coppola (17 September 1963 - 26 May 1986) was the son of famed film director Francis Ford Coppola and his wife Eleanor Coppola. ...
Roman Coppola is an American film director and music video director. ...
The Palais des Festivals (2000) The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival international du film de Cannes or simply le Festival de Cannes) is the worlds most prestigious film festival, first held from September 20 to October 5, 1946 in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of...
Betrayal, as a form of deception or dismissal of prior presumptions, is the breaking or violation of a presumptive social contract (trust, or confidence) that produces moral and psychological conflict within a relationship amongst individuals, between organizations or between individuals and organizations. ...
Combatants French Union France State of Vietnam Cambodia Laos Viet Minh Commanders French Expeditionary Corps Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (1945-46) Jean-Étienne Valluy (1946-8) Roger Blaizot (1948-9) Marcel-Maurice Carpentier (1949-50) Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (1950-51) Raoul Salan (1952-3) Henri Navarre (1953-4...
Combatants French Union France State of Vietnam Hmong mercenaries Viet Minh Commanders Christian de Castries # Pierre Langlais # René Cogny Vo Nguyen Giap Strength As of March 13: 10,800[1] As of March 13: 48,000 combat personnel, 15,000 logistical support personnel[2] Casualties 2,293 dead, 5,195...
A Viet Cong soldier, heavily guarded, awaits interrogation following capture in the attacks on Saigon during the festive Tet holiday period of 1968. ...
The Viet Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam ộc Lập ồng Minh Hội, League for the Independence of Vietnam) was formed by Ho Ngoc Lam and Nguyen Hai Than in 1941 to seek independence for Vietnam from France. ...
Other added material includes extra combat footage before Willard meets Kilgore, a humorous scene in which Willard's team steals Kilgore's surfboard, a follow-up scene to the dance of the Playboy playmates, in which Willard's team finds the playmates awaiting evacuation after their helicopter has run out of fuel, and a scene of Kurtz reading from a Time magazine article about the war, surrounded by Cambodian children. For other uses, see Playboy (disambiguation). ...
“TIME†redirects here. ...
[edit] Adaptation Although inspired by Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, the film deviates extensively from its source material. The novella, based on Conrad's real experiences as a steam paddleboat captain in Africa, is set in the Belgian Congo during the 19th century. Kurtz and Marlow (who is named Willard in the movie) both work for a Belgian trading company that brutally exploits its native African workers. // Joseph Conrad (born Teodor Józef Konrad Nałęcz-Korzeniowski, 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-born novelist who spent most of his adult life in Britain. ...
For other uses, see Heart of Darkness (disambiguation). ...
Motto: Travail et Progres (Work and Progress) The Belgian Congo Capital Léopoldville/Leopoldstad Political structure Colony Governor - 1908-1910 Baron Wahis - 1946-1951 Eugène Jacques Pierre Louis Jungers - 1958-1960 Henri Arthur Adolf Marie Christopher Cornelis History - Established 15 November, 1908 - Congolese independence 30 June, 1960 The Belgian...
When Marlow arrives at Kurtz's outpost, he discovers that Kurtz has gone insane and is lording over a small tribe as a god. The novella ends with Kurtz dying on the trip back and the narrator musing about darkness of the human psyche: "the heart of an immense darkness."
In the novella, Marlow is the pilot of a river boat sent to collect ivory from Kurtz's outpost, only gradually becoming infatuated with Kurtz. In fact, when he discovers Kurtz in terrible health, Marlow makes a concerted effort to bring him home safely. In the movie, Willard is an assassin dispatched to kill Kurtz. Nevertheless, the depiction of Kurtz as a god-like leader of a tribe of natives and his malarial fever, Kurtz's written exclamation "Exterminate the brutes!" and his final lines "The horror! The horror!" are taken from Conrad's novella.
Coppola argues that many episodes in the film — the spear and arrow attack on the boat, for example — respect the spirit of the novella and in particular its critique of the concepts of civilization and progress. While Coppola replaced European colonization with American interventionism the message of Conrad's book is still clear.[2] For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
Interventionism is a term for a policy of non-defensive (proactive) activity undertaken by a nation-state, or other geo-political jurisdiction of a lesser or greater nature, to manipulate an economy or society. ...
[edit] Background and production The film was originally written in the late 1960s by John Milius, who would later direct films such as The Wind and the Lion , Red Dawn and Conan the Barbarian. Milius claims to have been inspired by his film professor's claim that no one had successfully adapted the book Heart of Darkness, despite attempts by such legendary directors as Orson Welles and Richard Brooks. Ironically, given that the finished film is seen as an anti-war movie, Milius, who is politically a rightist, originally conceived the title as a cynical answer to the leftist hippie slogan "Nirvana Now!" and his original screenplay includes several speeches by Kurtz extolling the virtues of combat and the warrior way of life. John Milius (born April 11, 1944 in St. ...
The Wind and the Lion is a 1975 adventure film. ...
For other uses, see Red dawn (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the fictional character. ...
This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...
Richard Brooks (May 18, 1912 – March 11, 1992) was a Hollywood film writer, director, and (occasionally) producer. ...
The script was originally to be directed by George Lucas, who was then Coppola's protege at American Zoetrope. Coppola founded Zoetrope to create an alternative to the major Hollywood studios which would support the work of the rising generation of film-school graduates who would become known colloquially as "the movie brats." The war in Vietnam was still active at the time and the initial plan was to shoot Apocalypse Now guerilla-style in Vietnam itself. Warner Bros., which had a production deal with Zoetrope, refused to finance the project both for commercial reasons and the fear that the filmmakers would be killed trying to shoot it in a war zone. Lucas has claimed that the studio saw the project, as well as him and his colleagues, as "crazy." After Lucas found success with American Graffiti, Coppola chose to direct the film himself. This reportedly caused some friction between the two men. Coppola chose to finance the film entirely with his own assets, using money earned from the two Godfather films and a bank loan, in order to retain total creative control over the final product. George Walton Lucas, Jr. ...
American Zoetrope is the name of the studios founded by Francis Ford Coppola, named after a collection of zoetropes he was given in the late 1960s by filmmaker and collector of early motion picture making equipment, Mogens Skot-Hansen. ...
American Graffiti is a 1973 film directed by George Lucas. ...
Coppola also rewrote the script to accommodate his vision, removing much of Milius's macho dialogue and changing the film's ending. Milius's original ending showed Kurtz and Willard joining forces to fight an American air assault on Kurtz's compound. The compound is destroyed in a massive air strike and Kurtz dies of his wounds as Willard looks on. Coppola dismissed this ending as cartoonish. The ending would be rewritten multiple times over the course of production and most of Kurtz's role would eventually be improvised by Marlon Brando. The film's narration was written during the editing process by Michael Herr, who had written the book Dispatches while a war correspondent in Vietnam. This article lacks information on the importance of the subject matter. ...
Apocalypse Now was the first time Coppola worked with cinematographer Vittorio Storaro, who had shot several films for Bernardo Bertolucci, including The Conformist, one of Coppola's favorites. A Cameraman-Reporter during a MINUSTAH mission in 2007 (Photo: Patrick-André Perron A cinematographer is one photographing with a motion picture camera (the art and science of which is known as cinematography). ...
Vittorio Storaro (born 24 June 1940 in Rome, Italy) is a Italian cinematographer. ...
Bernardo Bertolucci (born March 16, 1940) is an Italian writer and Academy Award winning film director. ...
The Conformist (Italian: Il Conformista) is a political film released in 1970 and directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. ...
It was said that Coppola had approached legendary B-movie director Roger Corman, Coppola's mentor who gave him his first break as a director about Corman's experience with shooting in the Philippines. (As much of the film was shot in the country, most notably the Pagsanjan River and Hidden Valley Springs), had Corman advising the director: "Don't go." as the film would start shooting during the country's monsoon season. Such weather helped fuel the shoot's history as being legendary for its length and difficulty; filming took so long, critics eventually began referring to it as "Apocalypse When?". The film went far over budget and over schedule for several reasons. A typhoon destroyed many of the sets, which had to be rebuilt at great expense. The Philippine Air Force helicopters used for shooting Col. Kilgore's attack on a Vietnamese village were constantly being called back by President Ferdinand Marcos to serve in actual combat against anti-government rebels. Roger Corman Roger William Corman (born April 5, 1926), sometimes nicknamed King of the Bs for his output of B-movies (though he himself rejects this appelation as inaccurate), is a prolific American producer and director of low-budget exploitation movies. ...
Pagsanjan (pronounced Pag-sang-han), is a municipality in the province of Laguna in the Philippines. ...
Hidden Falls from Hidden Valley Springs, Philippines Hidden Valley Springs is a hot springs resort located in Calauan, Laguna, Philippines. ...
Bold text[[ // [[Image:Media:Example. ...
Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004. ...
Ferdinand Emmanuel EdralÃn Marcos (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1966 to 1986. ...
The lead role of the assassin was to be played by Harvey Keitel but it was recast two weeks after shooting began. Keitel's footage was re-shot with Martin Sheen, who suffered a near-fatal heart attack during production and was suffering from alcoholism during the shoot. In 50 Films to See Before You Die, aired on the United Kingdom's Channel 4 on the 22 July 2006, Sheen reveals that the opening scene was completely improvised, that he had been drinking all day, his 36th birthday, before it was shot, and that he broke the mirror by accident. When he started bleeding, Coppola wanted to stop filming, but Sheen insisted that he continue. Watching the scene back, Sheen said it was good to see where he'd come from knowing that he was never going to go back there again. It took Sheen weeks to recover and return to the set, during which time the film was in danger of being shut down. Being similar in appearance and voice, Joe Estevez, Sheen's brother, stood in for Sheen in some of the long shots and would later record some of the film's narration. Harvey Keitel (born May 13, 1939) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor from New York City. ...
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ...
50 Films to See Before You Die was a programme shown on Channel 4 on Saturday 22 July 2006, to celebrate the relaunch of Film4 as a free-to-air channel available to digital terrestrial homes in the United Kingdom. ...
This article is about the British television station. ...
is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Joe Estevez was born on 13 February 1950 in Dayton, Ohio. ...
Stand-ins in film are often misunderstood to be doubles for the actors, that is, people who double for the actor during filming, e. ...
Marlon Brando appeared on set massively overweight, despite his character's description as sick and emaciated. He refused to learn his lines and had not read the book Heart of Darkness as Coppola had requested. The majority of Brando's dialogue had to be improvised, despite the short time during which the actor was available. Image File history File links Brando_apoc. ...
Image File history File links Brando_apoc. ...
Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
For other uses, see Heart of Darkness (disambiguation). ...
Francis Ford Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award winning American film director, producer, and screenwriter. ...
Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
Improvisation is the practice of acting and reacting, of making and creating, in the moment and in response to the stimulus of ones immediate environment. ...
Coppola famously said of the shoot: "We had access to too much money, too much equipment, and little by little we went insane." The director faced bankruptcy and financial ruin if the film was not finished or shut down; his personal investment and the bizarre circumstances of the production created immense personal pressure. According to Eleanor Coppola's 1991 documentary, Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse Coppola's marriage almost fell apart and the director suffered a nervous breakdown, including declaring to commit suicide three separate times through the making of the film. Eleanor Coppola, (born Eleanor Jessie Neil on May 4th, 1936 to an Irish-American family in Los Angeles), a former graduate student in Applied Design at UCLA, is the wife of the famed Francis Ford Coppola, and the daughter-in-law of the late Carmine and Italia Coppola. ...
The film took over a year to edit, with the editor making an average of three cuts a day, mostly on state-of-the-art editing equipment purchased by Coppola specifically for the production. The initial rough cut was just over five hours long and had to be severely cut. A three-hour version was screened as a "work in progress" at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Palme D'Or for best film. It was at the Cannes press conference that Coppola made his famous comment that "My film is not about Vietnam, it is Vietnam." The director, according to archival materials in the recent "Complete Dossier" edition, also stated that his plan was to create a single theater, in the geographical center of the United States (likely Kansas) that would show Apocalypse Now, and only Apocalypse Now. It would be specially tailored to the film, with 3D 70mm projectors, 5.1 surround sound, and the Sensurround system, which would vibrate the seats at the appropriate intervals. In his eyes, it would be "an event", and he likened it to travelling to Mount Rushmore. It was, incidentally, exactly the same idea which motivated Richard Wagner's Bayreuth Festival. Wagner's Parsifal was initially only to be shown in Bayreuth and Bayreuth too was chosen as the festival location because it is more or less in the heart of Germany. Considering that Wagner's music features so prominently in Apocalypse Now, Coppola may have been inspired by Wagner's example. Official language(s) English[2] Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area Ranked 15th - Total 82,277 sq mi (213,096 km²) - Width 211 miles (340 km) - Length 417 miles (645 km) - % water 0. ...
In film, the term 3-D (or 3D) is used to describe any visual presentation system that attempts to maintain or recreate moving images of the third dimension, the illusion of depth as seen by the viewer. ...
In the motion picture industry, the expression 70mm is intended to refer to a format of film. ...
Multichannel audio is the name for a variety of techniques for expanding and enriching the sound of audio playback by recording additional sound channels that can be reproduced on additional speakers. ...
Sensurround is an audio process developed in the 1970s by Universal Studios for the presentation of theatrical movies. ...
For the 1960s rock band, see Mount Rushmore (band). ...
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ...
Bayreuth Festspielhaus, as seen in 1882 The annual Bayreuth Festival in Bayreuth, Germany is devoted principally (but not exclusively) to performances of operas by the 19th century German composer Richard Wagner. ...
Parsifal is an opera, or music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner. ...
The original released version of the movie was just over two and a half hours long, and was a box-office success in the United States and overseas. It eventually made over 100 million dollars at the box office.
Coppola re-released the film in 2001 under the title Apocalypse Now Redux. The new print was supervised by Vittorio Storaro, who used a color process of his own invention to restore the film for release. Storaro has claimed that Apocalypse Now Redux looks better than the original release print of the film.
The catastrophic production of the film made it symbolic of the dangers of excessive directorial control over major productions. The shooting was said to have taken a toll on all involved, especially Coppola, both mentally and emotionally.
[edit] Controversy over the Killing of a Water Buffalo for the Film A water buffalo was slaughtered with a machete for the climactic scene. It was in fact a real ritual performed by local natives, as Coppola felt that to film the ritual sacrifice would add depth and realism. Although this was an American production subject to American animal cruelty laws, scenes like this filmed in the Philippines were not policed or monitored, and the American Humane Association gave the film an "unacceptable" rating.[3] For the controversy at the University of Pennsylvania, see Water buffalo incident. ...
Cruelty to animals refers to treatment which causes unacceptable suffering to animals. ...
The American Humane Association is an organization founded in 1877 dedicated to the welfare of animals and children. ...
[edit] Responses Apocalypse Now premiered in 1979 to mixed reviews and received polarized responses from audiences. It is said that it was as lauded as it was reviled. Many critics slammed the film, calling it overly pretentious, while others felt that it ended anticlimactically after a splendid first act.[citation needed]Roger Ebert, who hailed it as the best film of 1979 and added it to his list of Great Movies, stated: Roger Joseph Ebert (born June 18, 1942) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American film critic. ...
Apocalypse Now is the best Vietnam film, one of the greatest of all films, because it pushes beyond the others, into the dark places of the soul. It is not about war so much as about how war reveals truths we would be happy never to discover. Today, the film is regarded by many as a masterpiece of the New Hollywood era. It is on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies list at number 28. Kilgore's quote "I love the smell of napalm in the morning" was number 12 on the AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes list. In 2002, Sight and Sound magazine polled several critics to name the best film of the last 25 years and Apocalypse Now was named number one. It was also listed as the second best war film by viewers on Channel 4's 100 Greatest War Films, and ranked number 1 on Channel 4's 50 Films To See Before You Die. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The first of the AFI 100 Years. ...
Part of the AFI 100 Years. ...
Sight and Sound is a British monthly magazine about film. ...
This article is about the British television station. ...
This article is about the British television station. ...
50 Films to See Before You Die was a programme shown on Channel 4 on Saturday 22 July 2006, to celebrate the relaunch of Film4 as a free-to-air channel available to digital terrestrial homes in the United Kingdom. ...
[edit] Home video release aspect ratio issues The first home video releases of Apocalypse Now were pan-and-scan versions of the original 35mm Technovision anamorphic 2.35:1 print, and the closing credits, white on black background, were presented in compressed 1.33:1 full-frame format to allow all credit information to be seen on standard televisions. The first letterboxed appearance (on laserdisc on 12-29-1991) cropped the film to a 2:1 aspect ratio (conforming to the Univisium spec created by cinematographer Vittorio Storaro), featuring a small degree of pan-and-scan processing - notably in the opening shots in Willard's hotel room, featuring a composite montage - at the insistence of Coppola and Storaro. Although the end credits, from a videotape source, not a film print, were still crushed for 1.33:1 and zoomed to fit the anamorphic video frame. All DVD releases have maintained this aspect ratio in anamorphic widescreen, but present the film without the end credits, which were treated as a separate feature. As a DVD extra, the footage of the explosion of the Kurtz compound was featured without text credits but included a commentary by director Coppola explaining the various endings based on how the film was screened. A 2. ...
Anamorphic widescreen is a cinematography and photography technique for capturing a widescreen picture on standard 35mm film. ...
A 2. ...
Not to be confused with disk laser, a type of solid-state laser in a flat configuration. ...
The Univisium 3-perf film proposed format frame. ...
[edit] Principal cast Several other actors who were, or later became, prominent stars have minor roles in the movie including Harrison Ford, G.D. Spradlin, Scott Glenn, and R. Lee Ermey. Fishburne was only fourteen years old when shooting began in March 1976, and was credited as "Larry Fishburne." Another cast member with a future as a prominent actor and film director was Martin Sheen's eldest son, Emilio Estevez, who played a young soldier in the movie[citation needed]. Apocalypse Now took so long to finish that Fishburne was seventeen (the same age as his character) by the time of its release. Martin Sheen (born August 3, 1940) is an Emmy- and Golden Globe Award-winning American actor. ...
Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ...
Marlon Brando, Jr. ...
This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ...
Robert Selden Duvall (born January 5, 1931) is an Academy Award and four-time Golden Globe winning American film actor and director. ...
In the U.S. Army, Air Force and Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a commissioned officer superior to a major and inferior to a colonel. ...
Frederic Forrest (born December 23, 1936 in Waxahachie, Texas) is an American actor. ...
Engineman rating insignia Engineman (abbreviated as EN) is a United States Navy occupational rating. ...
Sam Bottoms (b. ...
The rating badge for Gunners Mate, two crossed cannons. ...
Laurence John Fishburne III[1] (born July 30, 1961) is an American Academy Award-nominated, Emmy- and Tony Award-winning actor of screen and stage, as well as playwright, director, and producer. ...
Albert P. Hall (born November 10, 1937) is an American actor. ...
Quartermaster is a term usually referring to a military unit which specializes in supplying and provisioning troops, or to an individual who does the same. ...
Chief Petty Officer is a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many navies. ...
G. D. Spradlin (born August 31, 1920 in Daylight Township, Garvin County, Oklahoma, USA) is an American character actor. ...
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ...
Military intelligence (abbreviated MI, int. ...
For the silent film actor, see Harrison Ford (silent film actor). ...
Dennis Lee Hopper (born May 17, 1936) is an Academy Award-nominated American actor and film-maker. ...
Information Gender Male Portrayed by Dennis Hopper American Photojournalist is a ficticious character in Apocalypse Now. ...
Theodore Scott Glenn (born January 26, 1941) is an American actor known for supporting roles. ...
Cynthia Lynn Wood (born September 25, 1950 in Burbank, California) is an American model and actress. ...
A Playmate is a female model featured in Playboy magazine as Playmate of the Month. ...
Colleen Celeste Camp (born June 7, 1953) is an American actress and film producer, known for her performances in two installments of the Police Academy series and as Yvette the Maid in Clue. ...
2004 Playmate of the Year Carmella DeCesare meets with fans A Playmate is a female model featured in the centerfold/gatefold of Playboy magazine as Playmate of the Month (or PMOM). ...
Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ...
Christian Marquand, born March 15, 1927 in Marseille, died November 22, 2000 was a French director, actor and screenwriter working in French cinema. ...
Aurore Clément (born October 12, 1945) is a French actress. ...
Roman Coppola is an American film director and music video director. ...
For the silent film actor, see Harrison Ford (silent film actor). ...
Greenwald Donald Spradlin (born August 31, 1920 in Daylight Township, Garvin County, Oklahoma, USA) is an American character actor. ...
Theodore Scott Glenn (born January 26, 1941) is an American actor known for supporting roles. ...
Ronald Lee Ermey (born March 24, 1944) is a former U.S. Marine Corps drill instructor and later Golden Globe-nominated actor, often playing the roles of authority figures, such as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Full Metal Jacket, Mayor Tilman in the Alan Parker film Mississippi Burning and Sheriff Hoyt...
Emilio Estévez (born May 12, 1962) is an American actor, director and writer. ...
The director had to finance the film with his own money, which he earned from the blockbuster The Godfather films. Coppola's wife, Eleanor, chronicled the making of the film in the book Notes and in the documentary Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse. The documentary uses footage she shot during principal photography. This article is about the 1972 film. ...
Eleanor Coppola, (born Eleanor Jessie Neil on May 4th, 1936 to an Irish-American family in Los Angeles), a former graduate student in Applied Design at UCLA, is the wife of the famed Francis Ford Coppola, and the daughter-in-law of the late Carmine and Italia Coppola. ...
[edit] Awards Wins In 2000 the United States Library of Congress deemed the film "culturally significant" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. Charles Rosher the first recipient in 1928 The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is awarded each year to a cinematographer for his work in one particular motion picture. ...
Vittorio Storaro (born 24 June 1940 in Rome, Italy) is a Italian cinematographer. ...
The Academy Award for Sound Mixing is an Academy Award that recognizes the finest or most aesthetic sound mixing or recording, and is generally awarded to the production sound mixers and re-recording mixers of the winning film. ...
Walter Murch speaking 13 March 2005 Walter Scott Murch (born July 12, 1943) is an Academy Award–winning film editor/sound mixer. ...
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...
The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival de Cannes), founded in 1939, is one of the worlds oldest, most influential and prestigious film festivals. ...
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