NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Asparagine

Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. It has carboxamide as the side chain's functional group. It is considered a non-essential amino acid. IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 6267 from PubChem (L-asparagine) This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals (Talk) WP:Drugs (Talk) WP:Molecular and Cellular Biology... ASN may mean Advanced Shipping Notice Atlantic Satellite Network Asparagine The National Rail code for Addlestone railway station, United Kingdom. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ... Carboxamides are drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants. ... The term Side chain can have different meanings depending on the context: In chemistry and biochemistry a side chain is a part of a molecule attached to a core structure. ... In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules, that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. ... An essential amino acid or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism (usually referring to humans), and therefore must be supplied in the diet. ...

Its three-letter abbreviation is Asn, and its one-letter abbreviation is N. A three-letter designation for either asparagine or aspartic acid is Asx (one-letter abbreviation: B). Aspartic acid (Asp), also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. ...

A reaction between asparagine and reducing sugars or reactive carbonyls produces acrylamide (acrylic amide) in food when heated to sufficient temperature, i.e. baking. These occur primarily in baked goods such as french fries, potato chips, and roasted coffee. A reducing sugar is a type of sugar with a ketone or aldehyde group. ... Carbonyl group In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Asparagine was first isolated in 1806 from asparagus juice, in which it is abundant--hence its name--becoming the first amino acid to be isolated. The smell observed in the urine of individuals after their consumption of asparagus is attributed to a byproduct of the metabolic breakdown of asparagine, asparagine-amino-succinic-acid monoamide. (However, some scientists disagree and implicate other substances in the smell, especially methanethiol). Oddly, some people are not able to detect the odour of the compound. 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Binomial name Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus is a type of vegetable obtained from one species within the genus Asparagus, specifically the young shoots of Asparagus officinalis. ... Binomial name Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus is a type of vegetable obtained from one species within the genus Asparagus, specifically the young shoots of Asparagus officinalis. ... Methanethiol (also known as methyl mercaptan) is a colorless gas with a smell like rotten cabbage. ...

Structural function in proteins

Since the asparagine side chain can make efficient hydrogen bond interactions with the peptide backbone, asparagines are often found near the beginning and end of alpha-helices, and in turn motifs in beta sheets. Its role can be thought as "capping" the hydrogen bond interactions which would otherwise need to be satisfied by the polypeptide backbone. Glutamines have an extra methylene group, have more conformational entropy and thus are less useful in this regard. Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ...

Asparagine also provides key sites for N-linked glycosylation, modification of the protein chain with the addition of carbohydrate chains. Glycosylation is the process or result of addition of saccharides to proteins and lipids. ...

Biosynthesis

Asparagine is not an essential amino acid, which means that it can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. The precursor to asparagine is oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted to aspartate using a transaminase enzyme. The enzyme transfers the amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate producing α-ketoglutarate and aspartate. The enzyme asparagine synthetase produces asparagine, AMP, glutamate, and pyrophosphate from aspartate, glutamine, and ATP. In the asparagine synthetase reaction, ATP is used to activate aspartate, forming β-aspartyl-AMP. Glutamine donates an ammonium group which reacts with β-aspartyl-AMP to form asparagine and free AMP.
An essential amino acid or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized de novo by the organism (usually referring to humans), and therefore must be supplied in the diet. ... Aspartic acid, also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. ... In biochemistry, a transaminase or an aminotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes a type of reaction between an amino acid and an Î±-keto acid. ... Glutamate is the anion of glutamic acid. ... Ketoglutaric acid is refers to either of two crystalline ketone derivatives of glutaric acid which differ only by the position of the ketone functional group. ... Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ... In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. ... Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ... Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is a multifunctional nucleotide that is most important as a molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer. ... Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ...

Degradation

Aspartate is a glucogenic amino acid. L-asparginase hydrolyzes the amide group to form aspartate and ammonium. A transaminase converts the aspartate to oxaloacetate which can then be metabolized in the citric acid cycle or gluconeogenesis. Overview of the citric acid cycle The citric acid cycle (also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the TCA cycle, or the Krebs cycle, after Hans Adolf Krebs who identified the cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that use oxygen as part... Pyruvic acid Oxaloacetic acid Phosphoenolpyruvate Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose 6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose Gluconeogenesis is the generation of glucose from non-sugar carbon substrates like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and amino acids (primarily alanine and glutamine). ...

Function

The nervous system needs asparagine to maintain the equilibrium, as well as in amino acid transformation. It also plays an important role in the synthesis of ammonia.

Sources

External links

Category: Proteinogenic amino acids Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ... Peptides (from the Greek Ï€ÎµÏ€Ï„Î¿Ï‚, digestible), are the family of short molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various Î±-amino acids. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... A nucleic acid is a complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information. ... Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. ... A polyunsaturated triglyceride. ... Many terpenes are derived from conifer resins, here a pine. ... The orange ring surrounding Grand Prismatic Spring is due to carotenoid molecules, produced by huge mats of algae and bacteria. ... Polypyrrole A Polypyrrole (PPy) is a chemical compound formed from a number of connected pyrrole ring structures. ... A cofactor is any substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme to catalyze a certain reaction. ... Steroid skeleton of lanosterol. ... Molecular structure of flavone The term flavonoid refers to a class of plant secondary metabolites based around a phenylbenzopyrone structure. ... Diagram of Ephedrine An alkaloid, strictly speaking, is a naturally-occurring amine produced by a plant,[1] but amines produced by animals and fungi are also called alkaloids. ... Polyketides are secondary metabolites from bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. ... A glycoside is a molecule where a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to a nonsugar group by either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom. ... Phenylalanine is one of the standard amino acids. ... Alanine (Ala, A) also 2-aminopropanoic acid is a non-essential Î±-amino acid. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a 206-418-1 EINECS for D-alanine a 200-273-8 EINECS for L-alanine a PubChem 602 a PubChem 5950 This... Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an Î±-amino acid. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a EINECS number 205-866-5 ((-)-D-arginine hydrate) a EINECS number 200-811-1 (for L-arginine) a CID 71070 from PubChem... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 6267 from PubChem (L-asparagine) This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals (Talk) WP:Drugs (Talk) WP:Molecular and Cellular Biology... Aspartic acid (Asp), also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 424 from PubChem â€” racemic a CID 83887 from PubChem â€” (D-aspartic acid) a CID 5960 from PubChem â€” (L-aspartic acid) a... Cysteine is a naturally occurring amino acid which has a thiol group and is found in most proteins, though only in small quantities. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a [1] This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals (Talk) WP:Drugs (Talk) WP:Molecular and Cellular Biology (Talk) Categories: ... Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Flash point - N/A R/S statement R: N/A S: N/A RTECS number: N/A Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 23327 from PubChem (D-glutamic acid) a CID 33032 from PubChem (L-glutamic acid) This article is maintained by WP:Chemicals... Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a CID 738 from PubChem (Gln) a CID 145815 from PubChem (D) a CID 5961 from PubChem (L) ... For the plant, see Glycine (plant). ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a EINECS number 200-272-2 a b c d e CID 750 from PubChem (Glycine) ... Histidine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids present in proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a EINECS number 200-745-3 (D-histidine) a EINECS number 206-513-8 (L-histidine) a CID 71083 from PubChem (D-histidine) a CID 6274 from PubChem (L-histidine) ... Isoleucine is one of the 20 natural amino acids, and is coded for in DNA. Its chemical composition is identical to that of leucine, but the arrangement of its atoms is slightly different, resulting in different properties. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a b c d e f g PubChem 6306 ... Leucine is one of the 20 most common amino acids and coded for by DNA. It is isomeric with isoleucine. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete References a b c d e PubChem 6106 Categories: | ... Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a EINECS number 200-294-2 (Lysine) a CID 866 from PubChem (DL-Lysine) a CID 5962 from PubChem (L-Lysine) Category: ... Methionine (Met, M. C5H11NO2S) is an essential nonpolar amino acid, and a lipotropic. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 63-68-3 EINECS for L-Methionine a PubChem 876 a PubChem 6137 Category: ... Phe redirects here. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a EINECS number 200-568-1 (phenylalanine) a CID 994 from PubChem (phenylalanine) a CID 71567 from PubChem (D-phenylalanine) a CID 6140 from PubChem (L-phenylalanine) Category: ... L-Proline is one of the twenty proteinogenic units which are used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 205-702-2 EINECS for Proline a PubChem 6148988 a PubChem 6137 Category: ... Serine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 200-274-3 EINECS for Serine a PubChem 617 a PubChem 5951 Category: ... Threonine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a EINECS number 200-774-1 (Threonine) a CID 69435 from PubChem (D-Threonine) a CID 6288 from PubChem (L-Threonine) Category: ... Tryptophan is an amino acid and essential in human nutrition. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 73-22-3 EINECS for Tryptophan a PubChem 9060 a PubChem 6305 Category: ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in cheese[1][2]), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 200-460-4 EINECS for Tyrosine a PubChem 71098 a PubChem 1153 Category: ... Valine is one of the 20 natural amino acids, and is coded for in DNA. Nutritionally, valine is also an essential amino acid. ... Physical properties Hazard properties Chemical properties Pharmacological properties OrganicBox_complete a 200-773-6 EINECS for Valine a PubChem 71563 a PubChem 1182 Category: ...

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