The Khanate of Astrakhan (Xacitarxan Khanate) was a Tatar feudal state that appeared after the collapse of the Golden Horde. The Khanate existed in the 15th and 16th centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga river, where the contemporary city of Astrakhan is now located. For the Star Trek character see Khan Noonien Singh. ... Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (Russian: ; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ... Xacitarxan or Khadjitarkhan (Actarxan), also known as Astrakhan in Russian sources, was a medieval 13th-16th century city at the right bank of Volga, upper in 12 km than modern Astrakhan. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... Feudalism comes from the Late Latin word feudum, itself borrowed from a Germanic root *fehu, a commonly used term in the Middle Ages which means fief, or land held under certain obligations by feodati. ... This article refers to the medieval Turkic state. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (Russian: ; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ...

Astrakhan Khanate in 1466-1556

The Khanate was established in the 1460s by Mäxmüd of Astrakhan. The capital was the city of Xacítarxan, also known Astrakhan in Russian chronicles. Its territory included the Lower Volga valley and the Volga Delta, including most of what is now Astrakhan Oblast and the steppeland on the right bank of Volga in what is now Kalmykia. The North-Western Caspian seaside was a southern boundary and the Crimean Khanate bounded Astrakhan on the west. Image File history File links Astrakhan_Khanate_map. ... Image File history File links Astrakhan_Khanate_map. ... Centuries: 14th century - 15th century - 16th century Decades: 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s - 1460s - 1470s 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s Years: 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 Events and Trends Sonni Ali, first Songhai king, conquers many of his African neighbors. ... Khan Mäxmüd of Astrakhan (pronounced , makh-MEWT) (?-1470s) was one of Kuchuk Muhammeds sons and a Genghisid who founded the Khanate of Astrakhan in the 1460s. ... Xacitarxan, alternatively called Khadjitarkhan or Actarxan or Astrakhan (in Persian sources: حاجی‌ترخان Haji-Tarkhan; Russian sources: Астрахань Astrakhan) , was a medieval city at the right bank of Volga, situated approximately 12km north of the modern city of Astrakhan. ... Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (Russian: ; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Flag of Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... A steppe in Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, a steppe (Russian: - step, Ukrainian: степ - step), pronounced in English as step, is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by... The Republic of Kalmykia (Kalmyk: Хальмг Таңһч; Russian: ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea is a LAKE MY HOMIE DOGG of Eurasia between Asia and Europe. ... The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: Кримське ханство - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ...

Prehistory

The area surrounding the lower Volga was populated by various Turkic tribes since at least the 5th century AD. Following the invasion of Mongol tribes from the east and the splintering of their empire, the area came under the rule of the Golden Horde. This empire, too, was wracked by civil war, and the semi-independent Astrakhan Khanate was established by Qasim I around 1466. Its location at the mouth of the Volga, straddling important trade routes, allowed it to accumulate significant wealth, but also attracted the attention of neighbouring states and nomadic tribes, subjecting the khanate to numerous invasions. Meñli I Giray, the khan of the Crimea who had destroyed the Big Horde's capital of Sarai Batu caused significant destruction to the khanate. It has been suggested that Turkish people be merged into this article or section. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... The Mongol Invasion of Russia was an invasion of the medieval state of Kievan Rus by a large army of nomadic Mongols, starting in 1223. ... This article refers to the medieval Turkic state. ... Qasim I Khan (died 1500) was a ruler of Astrakhan Khanate, from the 1470s onwards. ... Events Chimú Empire conquered by troops of the Inca End of term for Regent of Sweden Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna. ... A trade route is a commonly used path of travel for those (e. ... Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... Meñli I Giray (aka Mengli I Giray) (Crimean Tatar: I Meñli Geray) (1445–1515) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate and the sixth son of the khanate founder Haci Giray. ... The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: Кримське ханство - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... Big or Great Horde was the central principality of the Golden Horde. ... Sarai Batu (Old Sarai, Sarai-al-Maqrus) was a capital city of the Golden Horde. ...

Demography and society

Most of the population of the Astrakhan khanate were sedentary Astrakhan Tatars and nomadic Nogays. The Nogays mostly engaged in cattle-breeding, while the Tatars were primarily farmers, tradesmen and craftsmen. Merchants carried on a transit trade between Muscovy, Kazan, Crimea Central Asia, and the Transcaucasus region. Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Flag of the Nogai people The Nogai, also spelled Nogay, Noghai, and often called the Caucasian Mongols (Caucasian referring to their geographical position in the Caucasus mountains, not to their ethnicity), are a Turkic people and an important ethnic group in the Daghestan region who speak the Turkic Nogai language. ... Muscovy (Moscow principality (княжество Московское) to Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское) to Russian Tsardom (Царство Русское)) is a traditional Western name for the Russian state that existed from the 14th century to the late 17th century. ... Map of Kazan Khanate, early 1500s The Kazan Khanate (Tatar: Qazan xanlığı; Russian: Казанское ханство) (1438-1552) was a Tatar state on the territory of former Volga Bulgaria with its capital in Kazan. ... The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: Кримське ханство - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Transcaucasus is a region covering the majority of Caucasus mountain range. ...

The nobility consisted of feudal ranks, which were, from highest to lowest: the khan, sultans, begs and morzalar. The rest of the population were known as qara xalıq, black people - the standard Turkic designation for commoners. The state religion was Islam. Khan (sometimes spelled as Xan, Han) is a title with many meanings, originally commander, leader or ruler, in Mongolian and Turkish. ... The Sultan in Disneys Aladdin A Sultan (Arabic: سلطان) is an Islamic title, with several historical meanings. ... BEG is 1) a verb, meaning to mendicate 2) an alternative form of the Turkic title bey (chieftain, governor etc) ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...

History

In the 1530s Astrakhan cooperated with the Crimean Khanate and the Nogay Horde in a campaign against Russia. Later, Astrakhan was involved in conflicts against its erstwhile Tatar allies. In 1552 Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, better known as Ivan the Terrible, captured Kazan; shortly thereafter a pro-Muscovite party took power in Astrakhan. Centuries: 15th century - 16th century - 17th century Decades: 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s - 1530s - 1540s 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s Years: 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 Events and Trends Spanish conquest of Peru Beginning of colonization of Brazil Categories: 1530s ... The Nogai Horde was the horde that controlled the Caucasus Mountain region after the Mongol invasion. ... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... Tsar Ivan the Terrible, by Viktor Vasnetsov. ... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан; Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ...

Ivan dispatched soldiers to Astrakhan, establishing Darwish Khan as a vassal ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate in 1554. Pro-muscovite nobles and Nogay tribesmen supported Russian forces occupying Astrakhan. After the threat of Crimean raid against Astrakhan had subsided, Darwish Khan conspired with the Crimean Khanate to drive the Russians out of the region. Ivan IV sent Russian Strelets and Cossack armies, who conquered and annexed the region in 1556. Xacitarxan was besieged, burned; the khanate was adsorbed by Russians and abolished. Darwish Khan escaped to the castle of Azov. After the fall of khanate, Tatars were attacked by Kalmyks, that displaced Nogai nomads. Darwish Ghali khan (Tatar: DärwiÅŸ Ğäli xan )(?-~1558) was a khan of the Astrakhan Khanate from 1554 util the khanates fall in 1556. ... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: Кримське ханство - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... Streltsy (Стрельцы in Russian), the units of Russian guardsmen (sl. ... Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Xacitarxan or Khadjitarkhan (Actarxan), also known as Astrakhan in Russian sources, was a medieval 13th-16th century city at the right bank of Volga, upper in 12 km than modern Astrakhan. ... Azov (Russian: ) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just three kilometers from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. ... The Republic of Kalmykia ( Russian: Респу́блика Калмы́кия; Kalmyk: Хальм Тангч) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ...

Many Nogay were transplanted in Kazakhstan and Daghestan. However, approximately 70,000 Astrakhan Tatars still live in Astrakhan Oblast. The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Flag of Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ...

The capital of the khanate was Xacitarxan (or Khadjitarkhan), located about 12 km from modern Astrakhan. Xacitarxan or Khadjitarkhan (Actarxan), also known as Astrakhan in Russian sources, was a medieval 13th-16th century city at the right bank of Volga, upper in 12 km than modern Astrakhan. ... Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (Russian: ; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ...

See also

• List of Astrakhan Khans
• List of Turkic states and empires

Tis is a list of rulers of Astrakhan Khanate. ... // Historical kingdoms and empires The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or other dynasties. ...

External links

• Brief History of Astrakhan