NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Barbed wire

Barbed wire, also known as barb wire^[1] (and frequently in dialect form spelled bob^[2] or bobbed^[3]), is a type of fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strand(s). It is used to construct inexpensive fences and also on walls surrounding secured property. It is also a major feature of the fortifications in trench warfare. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 534 pixelsFull resolution (1600 Ã— 1067 pixels, file size: 153 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 534 pixelsFull resolution (1600 Ã— 1067 pixels, file size: 153 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... A fence in Westtown Township, Pennsylvania. ... A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. ... A fence in Westtown Township, Pennsylvania. ... A brick wall A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area. ... Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of defense. ...

A person or animal trying to pass through or over barbed wire will suffer discomfort and possibly injury. Barbed wire fencing requires only fence posts, wire and fixing devices such as staples. It is simple to construct and quick to erect by even an unskilled fencer. A packet of staples commonly used in the home or office Staples in use, showing the front and the back side. ...

The idea was first conceived in 1865 by Louis Jannin as fil de fer barbelé, French for "barbed wire". However, Joseph F. Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois received a patent for the modern invention in 1874. 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Joseph Farwell Glidden (1813-1906) was an American farmer who invented barbed wire, a product that forever altered the development of the American West. ... DeKalb is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Barbed wire was the first wire technology capable of restraining cattle. Wire fences were cheaper to erect than their alternatives and when they became widely available in the late 19th century in the United States they made it affordable to fence much bigger areas than before. They made intensive animal husbandry practical on a much larger scale. For general information about the genus, including other species of cattle, see Bos. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Shepherd with his sheep in FÄƒgÄƒraÅŸ Mountains, Romania. ...

History

Waterman, Illinois farmer Henry Rose developed a fence consisting of a simple wooden strip with attached projecting wire points designed to dissuade encroaching livestock. He patented his design in May, 1873 (no. 138,763) and exhibited it at the DeKalb County Fair that summer. This prompted DeKalb area residents Isaac Ellwood, Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish to work on improving the concept. Ellwood patented a type of barbed wire in February, 1874 (no. 147,756), but soon concluded that Glidden's design was superior to his own. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1016 KB) Barbed wire. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1016 KB) Barbed wire. ... Waterman is a village located in DeKalb County, Illinois. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... Location in the state of Illinois Formed 1836 Seat Sycamore Area - Total - Water 1,645 kmÂ² (634 miÂ²) 2 kmÂ² (1 miÂ²) 0. ... Barbed wire baron Isaac Ellwood played prominently in the history of DeKalb. ... Joseph Glidden Joseph Farwell Glidden (January 18, 1813â€“1906) was an American farmer who patented barbed wire, a product that forever altered the development of the American West. ... Jacob Haish (March 9, 1826â€“February 19, 1926) was one of the first inventors of barbed wire. ...

Glidden is said to have made his early barbs with a modified coffee mill. He spaced the hand-made barbs on one strand of wire which was then twisted together with another strand of wire to hold the barbs in place. Glidden was issued patent no. 157,124 in November, 1874. Meanwhile Isaac Ellwood had purchased a one-half interest in Glidden's invention in July, 1874 and together they formed the Barb Fence Company in DeKalb. The business was quickly very successful with production rising from 10,000 lbs in 1874 to nearly 3 million lbs in 1876. Jacob Haish also founded a successful business based on his own patents. In 1876 Glidden sold his remaining patent rights to the Washburn and Moen Manufacturing Company of Worcester, Massachusetts, which then joined with Ellwood to expand the business even further. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 Ã— 1536 pixel, file size: 332 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 Ã— 1536 pixel, file size: 332 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... DeKalb is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E - City Manager Michael V. OBrien - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen...

In the American Southwest

John Warne Gates demonstrated barbed wire for Washburn and Moen in Military Plaza, San Antonio, Texas in 1876. The demonstration showing cattle restrained by the new kind of fencing was followed immediately by invitations to the Menger Hotel to place orders. Gates subsequently had a falling out with Washburn & Moen and Isaac Ellwood. He went to St. Louis and founded the Southern Wire Company, which became the largest manufacturer of unlicensed or "bootleg" barbed wire. An 1880 US District Court decision upheld the validity of the Glidden patent, effectively establishing a monopoly. This was affirmed by a US Supreme Court decision in 1892. In 1898 Gates took control of Washburn and Moen, and created the American Steel and Wire monopoly, which soon became a part of the United States Steel Corporation. John Warne Gates (May 18, 1855â€“August 9, 1911), also known as Bet-a-Million Gates, was a pioneer promoter of barbed wire who became a Gilded Age industrialist. ... The Military Plaza in San Antonio dates back to the eighteenth century as a military and commercial center in San Antonio. ... San Antonio redirects here. ... Menger Hotel 2005 Menger Hotel 1865 The Menger Hotel, located in downtown San Antonio, Texas, was built in 1859 (3 years after the fall of the adjacent Alamo). ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area - City 66. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X) is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States and Central Europe. ...

This led to disputes known as the range wars between free-range ranchers and farmers in the late 19th century. These were similar to the disputes which resulted from enclosure laws in England in the early 18th century. These disputes were decisively settled in favor of the farmers, and heavy penalties were instituted for cutting the wire in a barbed wire fence. Within 25 years, nearly all of the open range had been fenced in under private ownership. For this reason, some historians have dated the end of the Old West era of American history to the invention and subsequent proliferation of barbed wire. A range war (taken from the term open range) is a type of (typically undeclared) conflict that occurs in agrarian or stockrearing societies. ... Free range is a method of farming husbandry where the animals are permitted to roam freely instead of being contained in small sheds. ... For other uses, see Enclosure (disambiguation). ... The cowboy, the quintessential symbol of the American Old West, circa 1887. ...

Agricultural fencing

Barbed wire fences remain the standard fencing technology for enclosing cattle in most regions of the US, but not all countries. The wire is aligned under tension between heavy, braced, fence posts (strainer posts) and then held at the correct height by being attached to wooden posts and battens, or steel star posts. The gaps between star posts vary depending on terrain—on short fences in hilly country they may be placed as closely as every 3 yards, whereas in flat terrain with long spans and relatively few stock they may be spaced out up to 30 to 50 yards. Wooden posts are normally spaced at 2 rods (10 metres) in any case with 4 or 5 battens in between. Many farmers place posts 2 meters apart as battens can bend causing wires to close in on one another. Download high resolution version (1742x753, 67 KB)Barbed Wire File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1742x753, 67 KB)Barbed Wire File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Star posts are a material used for making fences, etc. ... A yard (abbreviation: yd) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A rod is a unit of length, equal to 5. ...

Barbed wire for agricultural fencing is typically available in two varieties—"soft" or mild-steel wire and "high-tensile". Both types are galvanized for long life. High-tensile wire is made with thinner but higher-strength steel. Its greater strength make fences longer-lasting because cattle cannot stretch and loosen it. It copes with the expansions and contractions caused by heat and animal pressure by stretching and relaxing within wider elastic limits. It also supports longer spans, but because of its "springy" nature it is hard to handle and somewhat dangerous for inexperienced fencers. Soft wire is much easier to work but is less durable and only suitable for short spans such as repairs and gates where it is less likely to tangle. Tensile strength isthe measures the force required to pull something such as rope, wire, or a structural beam to the point where it breaks. ... Galvanization, named after the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani, was originally the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday). ...

In high soil-fertility areas where dairy cattle are used in great numbers 5- or 7-wire fences are common as the main boundary and internal dividing fences. On sheep farms 7-wire fences are common with the second (from bottom) to fifth wire being plain wire. In New Zealand wire fences must provide passage for dogs since they are the main means of controlling and driving animals on farms.

Gates

As with any fence, barbed wire fences require gates to allow the passage of persons, vehicles and farm implements. Gates vary in width from 12 feet to allow the passage of vehicles and tractors, to 40 feet on farm land to allow the passage of combines and swathers. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x900, 267 KB) Summary Barbed wire fence in West Texas, taken by me on the side of the road. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1200x900, 267 KB) Summary Barbed wire fence in West Texas, taken by me on the side of the road. ...

Gates for cattle tend to have 4 wires when along a three wire fence as cattle tend to put more stress on gates particularly in corner gates. The fence on each side of the gated ends with two corner posts braced or unbraced depending on the size of the post. An unpounded post (often an old broken post) is held to one corner post with wire rings which act as hinges. On the other end a full length post, the tractor post, is placed with the pointed end upwards with a ring on the bottom stapled to the other corner post, the latch post, and on top a ring is stapled to the tractor post, the post is tied with a Stockgrower's Lash or one of numerous other opening bindings. Wires are then tied around the post at one end then run to the other end where they are stretched by hand or with a stretcher, before posts are stapled on every 4 feet, often this type of gate is called a Portagee Fence or a Portagee Gate in various ranching communities of coastal Central California. Which had a large influx of Portuguese immigrants during the turn of late 19th Century and the early 20th Century, often these immigrants took up dairy farming and their descendants still to this day have the same dairies and family farms that were Homesteaded. Sonoma and Marin Counties, just north of San Francisco, California were heavily populated by immigrant farmers from Northern Italy, Switzerland and Portugal during this time and many of them started dairy farms and Chicken ranches. Petaluma, California and the central Sonoma County area was known as "The Egg Basket of the World" as well as its Dairy and Cattle ranching community. Even today they celebrate the counties rich agricultural roots by having the annual Butter and Eggs Day Parade. The lashing knot is a type of knot designed to hold wooden poles, together in construction of buildings, fences and towers. ... Central California can refer to one of several divisions or regions of the U.S state of California: The state is sometimes described as being in three main sections: Northern California (the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento Valley northward), Southern California (south of the Tehachapis), and Central California (the... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Sonoma is a town located in Sonoma County, California, USA. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9,128. ... Marin has many meanings: Place names: Marin County, California Marin City, California MarÃn, Galicia, Spain Marin, France Marin-Epagnier, Switzerland The Marin Headlands, California People named Marin: Saint Marinus, the founder of San Marino Alexandru Marin AndrÃ© Marin, Ombudsman of Ontario Angel Marin Biagio Marin Carol Marin Charles-Paul... San Francisco redirects here. ... Northern Italy comprises of two areas belonging to NUTS level 1: North-West (Nord-Ovest): Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Lombardy, Liguria North-East (Nord-Est): Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/SÃ¼dtirol, Emilia-Romagna Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/SÃ¼dtirol and Aosta Valley are regions with a... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Aerial view of Petaluma, California. ... Sonoma County is a county located on Californias Pacific coast north of the San Francisco Bay Area. ...

Most gates can be opened by pushing on the upturned post, which is why it is left full length. Sometimes a gate is too tight to open in this way so a post suspended from a rope or chain is used to pry the gate open. As mentioned above the opening loop can be substituted with a Stockgrower's Lash which is a rope tied to a post with an taut-line hitch(ABoK#1799) or to the latch post the main rope is then wrapped around both the latch post and the latch post three times and pulled with tight, before the rope is pulled under the three loops securing it to the tractor post. Another method occasionally seen though becoming rarer is to staple a thresher chain to the latch post and pound a nail on the front of the latch post. The chain is then wrapped around the tractor post and pulled onto the nail, stronger people can pull the gate tighter but anyone can jar off the chain to open the gate. The lashing knot is a type of knot designed to hold wooden poles, together in construction of buildings, fences and towers. ... Taut-line hitch Taut-line hitch step by step The taut-line hitch is type of knot, being a modified version of the two half hitches. ... The Ashley Book of Knots is an encyclopedia of knots first published in 1944 by Clifford Ashley. ...

Human-proof fencing

Most barbed wire fences, while sufficient to discourage cattle, are passable by humans who can simply climb over the fence—or through the fence by stretching the gaps between the wires using non-barbed sections of the wire as hand holds. To prevent humans crossing, many prisons and other high-security installations construct fences with razor wire, a variant which instead of occasional barbs features near-continuous cutting surfaces sufficient to injure unprotected persons who climb on or over it. A commonly seen alternative is the placement of a few strands of barbed wire at the top of a chain link fence. The limited mobility of someone already climbing a fence makes passing conventional barbed wire all the more difficult. On some chain link fences these strands are attached to a bracket tilted 45 degrees towards the intruder, making climbing over the fence even more difficult. fence Source: Image taken by Dori License: PD This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... fence Source: Image taken by Dori License: PD This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Image:Scheermes-prikkeldraad. ... A chain link fence is a type of woven fence usually made from galvanized steel wire. ...

Barbed wire is used as an implement of war. During World War I the wire was placed either to halt the passage of soldiers or just to impede them long enough to be killed with machine guns. Much of the artillery bombardment on the Western Front in World War I was aimed at cutting the barbed wire that was a major component of trench warfare. As the war progressed the wire was used in shorter lengths that were easier to transport and more difficult to cut with artillery. During the Soviet-Afghan War, the accommodation of Afghan refugees into Pakistan was controlled in Pakistan's largest province, Balochistan, under General Rahimuddin Khan, by making the refugees stay for controlled durations in barbed wire camps (see Controlling Soviet-Afghan War Refugees). â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ... For other uses, see Artillery (disambiguation). ... Western Front was a term used during the First and Second World Wars to describe the contested armed frontier between lands controlled by Germany to the East and the Allies to the West. ... Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of defense. ... The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan. ... The Muhajir or Mohajir Afghans are the Afghan refugees that fled Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion in 1979. ... Full General Rahimuddin Khan (Urdu: Ø±ØÛŒÙ… Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÛŒÙ† Ø®Ø§Ù†) (born 21 July 1926) was the Governor of Balochistan, the largest province of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for an unprecedented seven years (1978-1984), while simultaneously holding the military posts of Armoured Corps Commander as well as Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, the latter... Full General Rahimuddin Khan (Urdu: Ø±ØÛŒÙ… Ø§Ù„Ø¯ÛŒÙ† Ø®Ø§Ù†) (born 21 July 1926) was the Governor of Balochistan, the largest province of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for an unprecedented seven years (1978-1984), while simultaneously holding the military posts of Armoured Corps Commander as well as Martial Law Administrator of Balochistan, the latter...

The frequent use of barbed wire on prison walls, around concentration camps, and the like, has made it symbolic of oppression and denial of freedom in general. For example, in Germany the totality of the complex German Democratic Republic border regime is commonly referred to with the short phrase "Mauer und Stacheldraht" (i.e. "wall and barbed wire"). â€œEast Germanyâ€ redirects here. ...

Injuries caused by barbed wire

Unrestrained movement against barbed wire can result in moderate to severe injuries to the skin and, depending on body area and barbed wire configuration, possibly to the underlying tissue. Humans can manage not to injure themselves too much when dealing with barbed wire as long as they exert a high degree of caution. Restriction of movement, appropriate clothing, and slowing down when close to barbed wire seem to be the key in reducing the extent of injury. Image File history File links EN Description: en:Barbed wire and en:razor wire Source: Photo taken by Meteor2017 Date: 18 June 2005 Author: Tomasz Kuran aka Meteor2017 Permission: GFDL Other versions of this file: - PL Opis: pl:Drut kolczasty i pl:Drut ostrzowy Å¹rÃ³dÅ‚o: ZdjÄ™cie zrobi... Image File history File links EN Description: en:Barbed wire and en:razor wire Source: Photo taken by Meteor2017 Date: 18 June 2005 Author: Tomasz Kuran aka Meteor2017 Permission: GFDL Other versions of this file: - PL Opis: pl:Drut kolczasty i pl:Drut ostrzowy Å¹rÃ³dÅ‚o: ZdjÄ™cie zrobi... Image:Scheermes-prikkeldraad. ...

Injuries caused by barbed wire are typically seen in horses, bats or birds. Horses panic easily, and once they get caught in barbed wire, large patches of skin may be torn off, sometimes exposing the underlying bone. For this reason barbed wire was the single most important factor in rendering the U.S. Cavalry ineffective and led to the Cavalry's eventual dismantling. At best, such injuries may heal, but they may cause disability or death (particularly due to secondary infection). Birds or bats may not be able to perceive thin strands of barbed wire and suffer impalement or lacerating injuries. For this reason horse fences may have rubber bands nailed parallel to the wires. More than 60 different species of wildlife have been reported in Australia as victims of entanglement on barbed wire fences, and the wildlife friendly fencing project is beginning to address this problem. The project is funded mainly by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Grazing animals with slow movements which will back off at the first notion of pain — sheep, cows — will not generally suffer the severe injuries often seen in other animals. Binomial name Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 The horse (Equus caballus, sometimes seen as a subspecies of the Wild Horse, Equus ferus caballus) is a large odd-toed ungulate mammal, one of ten modern species of the genus Equus. ... â€œChiropteraâ€ redirects here. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ...

Barbed wire has been reported as a tool for human torture.^[4] For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation). ...

Installation of barbed wire

The most important and most time-consuming part of a barbed wire fence is constructing the corner post and the bracing assembly. A barbed wire fence is under tremendous tension, often up to half a ton, and so the corner post's sole function is to resist the tension for all fence spans connected to it. The bracing, in turn, keeps the corner post perfectly vertical and prevents slack from developing in the fence. Download high resolution version (819x1200, 115 KB)Patent Drawing for Joseph F. Gliddens Improvement to Barbed Wire, 11/24/1874. ... Download high resolution version (819x1200, 115 KB)Patent Drawing for Joseph F. Gliddens Improvement to Barbed Wire, 11/24/1874. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Look up ton in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Brace posts are placed in-line about 8 feet from the corner post. A horizontal compression brace connects the top of the two posts, and a diagonal wire connects the top of the brace post to the bottom of the corner post. This diagonal wire prevents the brace post from leaning, which in turn allows the horizontal brace to prevent the corner post from leaning into the brace post. A second set of brace posts (forming a double brace) is used whenever the barbed wire span exceeds 200 feet (60 m). If a 8" post is * feet in length is driven four feet into the ground the brace post assembly can be ommitted.

When the barbed wire span exceeds 650 ft (200 m), a braced line assembly is added in-line. This has the function of a corner post and brace assembly but handles tension from opposite sides. It uses diagonal brace wire that connects the tops to the bottoms of all adjacent posts.

Line posts are installed along the span of the fence at intervals of 8 to 50 ft (2.5 m to 15 m). An interval of 16 ft (5 m) is most common. Heavy livestock and crowded pasture demands the smaller spacing. The sole function of a line post is not to take up slack but to keep the barbed wire strands spaced equally and up off the ground.

Once these posts and bracing have been erected, the wire is wrapped around one corner post, held with a hitch, a timber hitch works excellently for this, often using a staple to hold the height and then reeled out along the span of the fence replacing the role every 400m It is then wrapped around the opposite corner post, pulled tightly by with metal wire stretchers, and sometimes nailed with more fence staples, although this may make readjustment of tension or replacement of the wire more difficult. Then it is attached to all of the line posts with fencing staples driven in partially to allow stretching of the barbed wire line.

Barbed wire for agriculture use is typically double-strand 12½-gauge, zinc-coated (galvanized) steel and comes in rolls of 1320 ft (402 m) length. Barbed wire is usually placed on the inner (pasture) side of the posts, of course where a fence runs between two pastures livestock could be with the wire on the outside or on both sides of the fence. American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown and Sharpe wire gauge, is used in the United States and other countries as a standard method of denoting wire diameter, especially for nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... Galvanization, named after the Italian scientist Luigi Galvani, was originally the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday). ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ...

Galvanized wire is classified into three categories; Classes I, II, and III. Class I has the thinnest coating and the shortest life expectancy. A wire with Class I coating will start showing general rusting in 8 to 10 years, while the same wire with Class III coating will show rust in 15 to 20 years. Aluminum-coated wire is occasionally used which yields a longer life expectancy.

Corner posts are 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in diameter or larger, and a minimum 8 feet in length may consist of treated wood or from durable on-site trees such as osage orange, black locust, red cedar, or red mulberry, also railroad ties, telephone, and power poles are salvaged to be used as corner posts(poles and railroad ties were often treated with chemicals determined to be an environmental hazard and can not be reused in some jurisdictions). In Canada spruce posts are sold though farm supply stores for this purpose. Posts are driven at least 4 feet and may be anchored in a concrete base 20 inches (50 cm) square and 42 inches (105 cm) deep. Brace posts are a minimum 4 inches (10 cm) in diameter and are anchored in a concrete base 20 inches (50 cm) square and 24 inches (60 cm) deep. Iron posts, if used, are a minimum 2½ inch (64 mm) in diameter. Bracing wire is typically smooth 9-gauge. Line posts are set to a depth of about 30 inches (75 cm). The main advantage of steel posts is that they can be driven with a post moll or a cylindrical tube closed at one end with plate steel for weight, and pulled out by hand as opposed to wooden posts which must be pounded with a hydraulic pounder and often pulled with a front end loader. Conversely steel posts are not as stiff as wood and wires are fastened with slips along fixed teeth which means variations in driving height effect wire spacing. Binomial name (Raf. ... Binomial name Robinia pseudoacacia L. Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. ... Red Cedar may refer to: Australian Red Cedar, Toona australis Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana Red Cedar, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Western Red Cedar, Thuja plicata Michigan)]] Red Cedar River (Wisconsin) Cedar (disambiguation) Category: ... For other uses, see Mulberry (disambiguation). ... American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown and Sharpe wire gauge, is used in the United States and other countries as a standard method of denoting wire diameter, especially for nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. ...

During the First World War, screw pickets were used for the installation of wire obstacles; these were metal rods with eyelets for holding strands of wire, and a corkscrew-like end that could literally be screwed into the ground rather than hammered, so that wiring parties could work at night within the vicinity of enemy soldiers and not give away their position by the sound of their hammers. Bold text Screw pickets, used as supports for the barbed wire defences, were introduced around 1915 as a replacement for timber posts. ... In the military science of fortification, wire obstacles are defensive obstacles made from barbed wire, barbed tape or concertina wire. ...

Usage in professional wrestling

Barbed wire is used in the professional wrestling "barbed wire match". In some promotions the barbed wire is fake while in others it is very real. It was evident that the barbed wire was real during the Hardcore Homecoming professional wrestling tour and the ECW One Night Stand pay-per-view (PPV) with one particular instance in which wrestler Terry Funk got his arm caught in the wire and had to be very carefully cut out of the barbed wire in order not to cut his veins in his arm. It has also been used in hardcore wrestling promotions such as Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and Combat Zone Wrestling. Companies such as World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) have been reported to have been using "clipped" barbed wire throughout their existences, whereas companies like CZW, XPW, FMW, IWA-MS and IWA-DS use the real barbed wire.^{[citation needed]} For the video game, see Pro Wrestling (video game). ... A barbed wire match is one of any number of professional wrestling matches that utilizes strands of barbed wire in some capacity. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hardcore Homecoming was a professional wrestling promotion that was booked by Shane Douglas, a former ECW World Heavyweight Champion. ... One Night Stand is an annual professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). ... Pay-per-view is the name given to a system by which television viewers can call and order events to be seen on TV and pay for the private telecast of that event to their homes later. ... Terrance (Terry) Funk (born June 30, 1944) is an American professional wrestler, known chiefly for the hardcore wrestling style he adopted in the later part of his career that inspired many later wrestlers, most notably Mick Foley. ... Christian Cage after being chokeslammed onto a pile of thumbtacks. ... This article is about the independent promotion from 1992-2001. ... Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) is an American based promotion, based around the ultraviolent style of professional wrestling. ... World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc. ... For the Australian professional wrestling promotion, see World Championship Wrestling (Australia). ... Combat Zone Wrestling,(CZW) began as a professional wrestling school run by John Zandig (real name: John Corso). ... Xtreme Pro Wrestling (XPW) was an independent professional wrestling promotion owned by Rob Zicari and, his wife, Janet Romano. ... Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling, better known by its initials FMW, was a Japanese professional wrestling promotion founded in the late 1980s by Atsushi Ōnita (often spelled Ohnita). ... Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South, IWA Mid-South, IWA-MS, or IWA Mid South Wrestling is a professional wrestling promotion. ...

In other cases the barbed wire may be real, but rarely if ever used, such as the "Razor Barbed Wire Cage Match" between wrestlers John "Bradshaw" Layfield and The Big Show. The barbed wire was placed at the top of the cage, thus making it impossible or very painful to escape the cage by climbing out. The wire was never used fully but once when John "Bradshaw" Layfield made a single attempt to escape and 'caught' his forearm on it to test if it was real. â€œJohn Hawkâ€ redirects here. ... Paul Randall Wight, Jr. ... â€œJohn Hawkâ€ redirects here. ...

Contents

History

In the American Southwest

Agricultural fencing

Gates

Human-proof fencing

Injuries caused by barbed wire

Installation of barbed wire

Usage in professional wrestling

See also

References

External links

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

In the American Southwest

Agricultural fencing

Gates

Human-proof fencing

Injuries caused by barbed wire

Installation of barbed wire

Usage in professional wrestling

See also

References

External links

History