The Battle of Langside, fought on May 13, 1568, was one of the more unusual contests in Scottish history, bearing a superficial resemblance to a grand family quarrel, in which a mother fought her brother who was defending the rights of her infant son. In 1567 Mary Queen of Scots's short period of personal rule ended in recrimination, intrigue and disaster when she was forced to abdicate in favour of James VI, her infant son. Mary was sent into captivity in Loch Leven Castle, while her Protestant half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray was appointed Regent on behalf of his nephew. In early May 1568 Mary escaped, heading west to the country of the Hamiltons, high among her remaining supporters, with the determination to restore her rights as queen. is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... Langside is a district in the Scottish city of Glasgow. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (c. ... Mary I of Scotland; known as Mary, Queen of Scots Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was the ruler of Scotland from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567. ... Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange (c. ... Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll (1532/1537 - 1573) was a leading figure in the politics of Scotland during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots and the early part of that of James VI. Succeeding his father in the earldom in 1558, Argyll immediately became the most powerful magnate... Inverness Castle Inverness Castle Inverness Castle Today Inverness Castle sits on a cliff overlooking the River Ness, in Inverness, Scotland. ... The Battle of Corriche, also known as the Battle of Corrichy was a Scottish clan battle fought in the year 1562. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March 23 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. ... Mary I of Scotland; known as Mary, Queen of Scots Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was the ruler of Scotland from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567. ... James VI and I King of England, Scotland and Ireland James VI of Scotland and I of England (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was a King who ruled over England, Scotland and Ireland, and was the first Sovereign to reign in the three realms simultaneously. ... Loch Leven Castle is a castle on an island at in Loch Leven in the Perth and Kinross region of Scotland. ... James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (c. ...

Queen's Men

Mary's abdication had not been universally popular, even among sections of the Protestant nobility, and news of her escape was widely welcomed. With an escort of fifty horse led by Lord Claud Hamilton she arrived in Lanarkshire, soon to be joined by a wide-cross section of the nobility, including the Earls of Argyll, Cassillis, Rothes and Eglintion, the Lords Sommerville, Yester, Livingston, Herries, Fleming, Ross, numerous of the feudal barons such as Robert Lauder of The Bass,^[1] and many others who all assembled at the town of Hamilton with their followers and vassals. Within a few short days Mary had managed to gather a respectable force of some 6000 men. Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley (c. ... Lanarkshire (Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic) is a traditional county of Scotland. ... Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll (1532/1537 - 1573) was a leading figure in the politics of Scotland during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots and the early part of that of James VI. Succeeding his father in the earldom in 1558, Argyll immediately became the most powerful magnate... , The county town of Lanarkshire, Hamilton is situated in west central Scotland and serves as the main administrative centre of the South Lanarkshire council area. ...

It was openly declared that her abdication, and her consent to the coronation of James, had been extorted from her under threat of death. An act of council was then passed, declaring the whole process by which Moray had been appointed as Regent to be treasonable. A bond was drawn up by those present for her restitution, signed by eight earls, nine bishops, eighteen lords, twelve abbots and nearly one hundred barons.

Mary's March

It was Mary's intention to avoid battle if possible, retiring instead to Dumbarton Castle, still held for her by Lord Fleming. Here she would be in a virtually impregnable position, well-placed to receive the expected reinforcements from the north, and then recover her hold over the country by degrees. With the intention of by-passing Moray she marched to Rutherglen and then on a wide circuit past Glasgow, intending to move by way of Langside, Crookston and Paisley back towards the River Clyde, and then on to Dumbarton on the north side of the Clyde estuary. Moray drew up his army on the moor close to the village of Langside, then several miles south of Glasgow but now well within the city. Kirkcaldy, keeping an eye on the enemy movements, noted that they were keeping to the south of the Clyde, the Regent's army being on the opposite bank. In response he ordered hackbutters (musketeers) to mount behind each of his horsemen, rapidly fording the river, and placing them among the cottages, hedges and gardens of the village, which bordered each side of a narrow lane, through which Mary's army must defile. Meanwhile Moray continued to deploy the rest of the army, the vanguard under the command of the Earl of Morton leading the march across a nearby bridge. The whole army then deployed, the right around the village, and the left extending to the farm of Pathhead, the highest point of which is now known as Queen's Park. No sooner was this complete than the Queen's vanguard, commanded by Lord Hamilton, began its advance through the village. The battle was now under way. Dumbarton Castle has the longest recorded history of any stronghold in Great Britain. ... Rutherglen (said: Rhu-ther-glehn) comes from the Gaelic An Ruadh Ghleann - the red valley. Rutherglen is a town located within the south-eastern suburbs of the city of Glasgow, Scotland near the town of Cambuslang. ... Langside is a district in the Scottish city of Glasgow. ... Crookston is a residential suburb on the southwestern edge of the Scottish city of Glasgow. ... For other uses, see Paisley (disambiguation). ... For other rivers, see Clyde River (disambiguation) , The River Clyde (Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, pronounced ) is a major river in Scotland. ... James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (c. ... Situated on the south side of the city of Glasgow, in Scotland, Queens Park lies approximately two miles from the city centre, and can refer both to the park itself, the adjacent residential district, or the football team Queens Park F.C. The park was developed in the...

Guns and Pikes

Mary's army was commanded by Argyll, who was to show little in the way of real military skill, seemingly hoping simply to push Moray aside by sheer force of numbers: it is even suggested in the sources that he fainted at one point, though this is almost certainly a rumour spread by his enemies. With her army now engaged the Queen stood some distance to the rear, close to Cathcart Castle on a mound since named as the Court Knowe. As Hamilton attempted to force a passage through Langside he was met by close fire from Grange's hackbutters. Many in the front ranks were killed, throwing the remainder back on those following, and adding to the general confusion. Hamilton pushed on, finally reaching the top of a hill, only to find the main enemy army drawn up in good order. Morton with the border pikemen advanced to intercept Mary's vanguard. Both sides now met in 'push of pike'. The forest of inter-locked spears was now so thick it is said that if those behind threw their discharged pistols at the enemy the weapons simply rested on the shafts as on a carpet, rather than falling to the ground.

Grange, whom Moray had allowed considerable leeway, continued to act with courage and distinction; "...the Regent committed unto the laird of Grange, the specil cair, as ane experienced captain, to oversee every danger, to ryd to every wing and encourage and mak help where the greatest heit was." The battle was now at its height and the outcome still doubtful, until Grange saw that the right wing of the Regent's army-consisting of the barons of Renfrewshire-was beginning to lose ground. He immediately galloped to the main battalion and brought reinforcements. This was done so effectively, and the counter-attack pressed with such force, that it broke the enemy ranks. Moray, who hitherto had stood on the defensive, repulsing Mary's cavalry, now charged at the main enemy battalion, the fight now joined all along the line. The Queen's men crumbled, the fugitives being closely pursued by a party of Highlanders. The Battle of Langside, which had lasted for some forty-five minutes, was over. Renfrewshire (Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary authority regions in Scotland. ...

In all some 300 men had been killed, a figure that almost certainly would have been much higher but for Moray's decision to avoid further bloodshed by ordering a halt to the pursuit. Many prisoners of note were taken. Mary and her escort rode off, eventually arriving at Dundrennan Abbey in Galloway, some sixty miles to the south. From here she left for England, never to see Scotland again. Dundrennan Abbey, in Dundrennan, Scotland, near to Kirkcudbright, was a Cistercian monastery, established in 1142 by Fergus of Galloway, King David I of Scotland, and monks from Rievaulx Abbey. ... Galloway (Scottish Gaelic, Gall-Ghàidhealaibh or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa) is an area in southwestern Scotland. ...

References

1. ^ Donaldson, Gordon, D.Litt., editor, Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland 1567 - 1574, vol.vi, 1963, number 355, p.76 and 502/3, p.102: On July 5, 1568, at Edinburgh, Gasper Home was granted an escheat of the goods of Robert Lawder of Bass, including his cattle and other goods on the steading and lands of Edrington and the dues of the mill thereof, in the sheriffdom of Berwick, the said Robert being convicted of taking part with Archibald Earl of Argyll, Claud Hammiltoun, and others in the battle of Langside. On September 22, 1568, at Edinburgh, a Precept of Remission was granted to Robert Lawder of The Bass, Sir Robert Lauder of Popill, his son and heir apparent, John and Patrick Lauder, his sons, William Aslowane, servitor of the said laird ('servitoris dicti domini') Charles Lauder, servitor of the said Robert of The Bass, and Archibald Lauder, servitor of the said Sir Robert, for taking part with Archibald Earl of Argyll, Claude Hammiltoun and others at Langside, and for the treasonable keeping of the castle and fortalice of The Bass against the King and his authority after the said Robert had been commanded to deliver it.

• Bain, Joseph, Calendar of Scottish Papers 1563-1569, Edinburgh, 1900.
• Melville, Sir James, Memoirs of His Own Life, 1549-1593, 1827.
• Tytler, Patrick Fraser The History of Scotland, vol. VII, 1840.