The Black Sea Germans (German: Schwarzmeerdeutsche) are ethnic Germans who left their homeland in the 18th and 19th centuries, and settled in territories of the northern bank of the Black Sea, mostly in southern Russia. Included in the category of Black Sea Germans are the following groups from the Black Sea area: the Bessabarian Germans, the Dobrujan Germans, and the Bukovina Germans. Ethnic Germans (usually simply called Germans, in German Volksdeutsche) are those who are considered, by themselves or others, to be ethnically German rather than anything else but who do not live within the Federal Republic of Germany nor hold its citizenship. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of the Black Sea. ...

The Black Sea Germans are distinct from the Volga Germans, who were separate both geographically and culturally, although both groups moved to Russia at about the same time and for the same reasons. The Volga Germans are ethnic Germans living near the Volga River and the Black Sea, maintaining German culture, German language, German traditions and religions: Evangelical Lutherans or Roman Catholic. ...

In southern Russia, the Germans settled in what is now modern-day Ukraine and on the Crimean Penninsula. This land was gained for Russia by Catherine the Great through her two wars with the Ottoman Empire (1768-1774) and from the annexation of the Crimean Khanates (1783). The area of settlement was not settled as compactly as that of the Volga territory, rather it was home to a chain of colonies. The first German settlers arrived in 1787, first from West Prussia, then later from Western and Southwestern Germany, as well as from the Warsaw area. Most notablewere the Mennonites, who were known as capable farmers; Empress Catherine herself sent them a personal invitation to immigrate. The Crimea /kraɪˈmia/ is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... A peninsula is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body that is surrounded by water on three sides. ... Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on November 6, 1796. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Bursa (1335 - 1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1774 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea; Crimean Tatar: Qırım Hanlığı; Russian: Крымское ханство [Krymskoe khanstvo]; Ukrainian: Кримський ханат [Krymskyj chanat]; Turkish: Kırım Hanlığı) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... One of four districts of East Prussia in 1920 - 1938. ... West Germany was the informal name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 to 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ... Motto: Contemnit procellas (It defies the storms) Semper invicta (Always invincible) Voivodship Masovian Municipal government Mayor MirosÅ‚aw Kochalski (acting) Area 516,9 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 1,692,900 (2004) 2,400,000 3258/km² Founded City rights 13th century turn of the 13th century Latitude Longitude 52... The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations based on the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons. ...

References

• This page is a translation of the German