Paulaner Salvator, a doppelbock

Bock is a strong lager which has origins in the Hanseatic town Einbeck, Germany. The name is a corruption of the medieval German brewing town of Einbeck, but also means goat (buck) in German. The original Bocks were dark beers, brewed from high-coloured malts. Modern Bocks can be dark, amber or pale in colour. Bock was traditionally brewed for special occasions, often religious festivals such as Christmas, Easter or Lent. A bagpipe performer in Amsterdam. ... Bock may refer to: Bock, a strong lager from Munich in Germany bock (Devon), fear Bock, Minnesota Brittany Bock, American footballer Dennis Bock, Canadian novelist Hieronymus Bock, the medieval German botanist Jerry Bock, American musical theatre composer Richard Bock, American sculptor Thomas Bock, Australian artist Category: ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 1669 KB) Summary This is the original Doppelbock beer, the Salvator produced by Paulaner-München. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 1669 KB) Summary This is the original Doppelbock beer, the Salvator produced by Paulaner-München. ... Lager is a well attenuated beer brewed in cool conditions using a slow-acting brewers yeast, known as a bottom-fermenting yeast, and then stored (or lagered) for a period in cool conditions to clear away particles and certain flavour compounds to produce a clean taste. ... The foundations of the Hanseatic League (German: Hanse), an alliance of trading cities that for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period maintained a trade monopoly over most of Northern Europe and the Baltic, can be seen as early as the 12th century, with the... Einbeck Einbeck is a city in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the district Northeim. ... Corruption or bastardization is a way of referring to certain changes in a language. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Einbeck Einbeck is a city in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the district Northeim. ... Malted barley Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate and then are quickly dried before the plant develops. ... For other uses, see Christmas (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Christian festival. ... For other uses, see Lent (disambiguation). ...

Bocks have a long history of being brewed and consumed by Roman Catholic monks in Germany. During the Spring religious season of Lent, monks were required to fast. High-gravity Bock beers are higher in food energy and nutrients than lighter lagers, thus providing sustenance during this period ^[1] . Similar high-gravity Lenten beers of various styles were brewed by Monks in other lands as well (see Trappist beer). It was rumored that Martin Luther drank this beer during the Diet of Worms^[2]. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... For other uses, see Lent (disambiguation). ... Food energy is the amount of energy in food that is available through digestion. ... Trappist logo A Trappist beer is a beer brewed by or under control of Trappist monks. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... For other uses, see Diet of Worms (disambiguation). ...

In the twentieth century, bock beers gained an undeserved reputation (primarily in the United States) for being brewed from the dregs of previous brewings. This is impossible, as the "dregs" were not clearly defined and the leftovers from the brewing process are not fermentable. The rumour may have started because some brewers used inferior ingredients or a large quantity of adjuncts in their bocks. It was not uncommon to use a some of the "dregs" containing active yeasts to start the next batch fermenting in traditional brewing as well. Wheat - adjunct or ingredient? The following is about the brewing term; adjunct is also a term used in linguistics. ...

Many commercial breweries include images of goats on bottle labels, as "bock" means billy-goat in German. It may tangentially refer to the increased "kick" of the style, as well.

Variants

Traditional bock

Bock beer originated in the Northern German city of Einbeck in the 14th to 17th century, and was recreated in Munich in the 17th century. Alcohol content ranges from 6.3% to 7.2% by volume. It has a complex malty flavor dominated by the richness of Munich and Vienna malts, which contribute toasty flavors. It has a low hop bitterness, usually enough to not overwhelm the malt flavors, allowing a slight sweetness to linger into the finish. It is light copper to brown in color with reddish highlights, with good clarity despite the dark color. It has a large, creamy, persistent off-white head, and moderate to moderately low carbonation. Commercial examples include Einbecker Ur-Bock Dunkel, Lakefront Bock,Aass Bock, Great Lakes Rockefeller Bock, Huber Bock, Berghoff Bock, and Shiner Bock. Einbeck Einbeck is a city in southern Lower Saxony, Germany, located in the district Northeim. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Malted barley Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate and then are quickly dried before the plant develops. ... In brewing, the act of creating and extracting fermentable and non-fermentable sugars and flavor components from grain is called mashing. ... Hop umbel (branched floral structure resembling nested-inverted umbrellas) in a Hallertau hop yard Hops are a flower used primarily as a flavouring and stability agent in beer, as well as in herbal medicine. ... The foam on top of beer is called a head. ... Aass Brewery (Aass Bryggeri) is Norways oldest brewery. ...

Maibock, or Helles bock

The maibock style is a pale version of a traditional bock. It is a fairly recent development compared to other styles of bock beers, frequently associated with springtime and the month of May. Alcohol content ranges from 6.3% to 7.4% by volume. The flavor is typically less malty than a traditional bock, and may be drier, hoppier, and more bitter, but still with a relatively low hop flavor, with a mild spicy or peppery quality from the hops or alcohol content. It is a clear lager, deep gold to light amber in color, with a large, creamy, persistent white head, and moderate to moderately high carbonation. There is some dispute as to whether the Helles ("pale") bock and the Mai ("May") bocks are the same style, but they are generally agreed to be the same. Commercial examples include Hubertus Bock, Einbecker Mai-Urbock, Augustiner Hellerbock, Hofbräu Maibock, Gordon Biersch Blonde Bock and Abita Mardi Gras Bock. The foam on top of beer is called a head. ... Augustiner is the oldest existing brewery in Munich, having been established in the 14th century // History The origins of the Augustiner brewery date back to the year 1294, when, on the order of the bishop of Freising, an Augustinian monastery was established at the Haberfeld, just outside the gates of... Hofbräuhaus (looking south) Logo of the brewery (seen from Bräuhausstraße) The Staatliches Hofbräuhaus in München (literally state court-brew of Munich, also Hofbräu München) is a brewery in Munich, Bavaria, Germany, owned by the state government. ... Gordon Biersch is an American brewery founded by Dan Gordon and Dean Biersch. ... The Abita Brewing Company is a beer company located in Abita Springs, Louisiana. ...

Doppelbock

Ayinger Celebrator Doppelbock.

Doppelbock is a Bavarian specialty beer that was first brewed by the monks of St. Francis of Paula. Alcohol content ranges from 6% to over 10% by volume. Historic versions had lower alcohol content and higher sweetness, and was considered "liquid bread" by the monks. Most versions are dark colored, but pale versions do exist. The color ranges from deep gold to dark brown in color, with a large, creamy, persistent head ranging from white for pale versions to off-white for darker versions, although doppelbocks with higher alcohol content may not display good head retention. It has a very strong malty aroma, with some toasty aromas. Some alcohol aroma may be present, and darker versions may have a chocolate-like or fruity aroma. The flavor is very rich and malty, with toasty flavors and noticeable alcoholic strength. Most versions are fairly sweet, due to little or no hop flavor. Paler versions may have a drier finish. Commercial examples include Spaten Optimator, Tucher Bajuvator, Troeg's Troegenator, Augustiner Maximator, Weihenstephan Korbinian, Weltenburger Kloster Asam-Bock, EKU 28°, Eggenberg Urbock 23, Samichlaus, Abita Andygator, and Birra Moretti La Rossa. The Minim monks who originally brewed Doppelbock named their beer "Salvator", which today is trademarked by Paulaner. In homage to the original, it is traditional for breweries to give their Doppelbocks names that end in "-ator". [1] For other uses, see Bavaria (disambiguation). ... Minims (also called the Minimi or The Order of the Minims) are followers of a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Francis of Paola in the fifteenth century in Italy. ... The foam on top of beer is called a head. ... Augustiner is the oldest existing brewery in Munich, having been established in the 14th century // History The origins of the Augustiner brewery date back to the year 1294, when, on the order of the bishop of Freising, an Augustinian monastery was established at the Haberfeld, just outside the gates of... Weihenstephan is part of the city of Freising (48,500 inhabitants) north of Munich. ... Weltenburg Abbey (Kloster Weltenburg) is a Benedictine monastery in Weltenburg in Kelheim on the Danube in Bavaria, Germany. ... Schloss Eggenberg is an Austrian brewery located in Vorchdorf, Upper Austria. ... Samichlaus (pronounced Sammy-Claws) is a Swiss beer which is one of the strongest beers in the world, at 14% alcohol by volume. ... The Abita Brewing Company is a beer company located in Abita Springs, Louisiana. ... Dutch Heineken bottle Heineken International owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced. ... Paulaner is a German brewery, one of the six official breweries of Munich. ...

Eisbock

Eisbock is a traditional Kulmbach specialty beer that is made by freeze distilling a doppelbock and removing the ice to concentrate the flavor and alcohol content. Alcohol content ranges from 9% to over 14% by volume. It is deep copper to dark brown in color, often with ruby highlights. Head retention is frequently impaired by the higher alcohol content. It has a rich, sweet malty flavor, balanced by a significant alcohol presence. It has a clean, lager character with no hop flavor. Commercial examples include Schneider Aventinus Eisbock, Kulmbacher Reichelbrau Eisbock, Eggenberg Urbock Dunkel Eisbock, Niagara Eisbock, and Southampton Eisbock. Kulmbach is a district in Bavaria, Germany. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fractional freezing. ... The foam on top of beer is called a head. ... Schloss Eggenberg is an Austrian brewery located in Vorchdorf, Upper Austria. ...

International Variations

Austria

In Austria, Bockbier is traditionally brewed only around Christmas and Easter, when nearly every brewery brews its own bock.

Italy

The Italian Birra Moretti Doppio Malto (also known as Moretti La Rossa) is very similar to the Bock style, and some consider it intermediate between a light Maibock and a dark bock. Dutch Heineken bottle Heineken International owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced. ...

North American

American brewing authority Charlie Papazian claims to have once done a beer tasting where a malt liquor was slipped into a tasting of Maibocks and placed rather highly, indicating possible affinities between the two styles. Charles N. Charlie Papazian is a former nuclear engineer who is regarded by many as the father of the modern homebrewing movement. ... Comparison of 12oz longneck to a 40 of Country Club Malt Liquor Malt liquor is an American term referring to a type of beer that has a high alcohol content and is therefore considered too alcoholic to be marketed as beer. ...

Shiner Bock is the flagship beer of Spoetzl Brewery in Shiner, Texas. They formerly held an annual Bocktoberfest in Shiner Texas to celebrate the German history of Bock beers. Known as the Little brewery in Shiner, the Spoetzl Brewery is an American brewery located in Shiner, Texas that is wholly owned by the Gambrinus Company. ... Shiner is a city in Lavaca County, Texas. ...

The city of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA has hosted a Bockfest celebration since 1993 celebrating its German-style brewing history and the coming of Spring. Cincinnati redirects here. ...

Norway

Bocks are also brewed in Norway, where they are known as "bokkøl" (bockbeers) and available during the whole year. Notable examples of bock brands are Aass, Borg, Frydenlund and Mack. Aass Brewery (Aass Bryggeri) is Norways oldest brewery. ... Look up Borg in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up mack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Dutch

A variation of bock called 'bokbier' is also brewed extensively in the Netherlands and occasionally in Belgium. Most larger Dutch breweries, such as Heineken International, Grolsch, Amstel, Brand and Dommelsch, market at least one variety. Most bokbiers tend to be seasonal beers (traditionally autumn, although there are currently also spring, summer and winter boks). They are among the only few specialty beers that existed besides lager for a long time. Microbreweries may prefer to seasonally brew a bokbier, such as the eco-beer biobok, made in autumn by Brouwerij 't IJ in Amsterdam. The city of Amsterdam also hosts a well known festival in honour of bokbier in its former stock exchange organised by P.I.N.T ^[3]. Belgium-based InBev produces Artois Bock^[4], which is exported internationally and can be found in areas where bock is not traditionally available. Heineken International is an Australian beer, founded in 1864 by Gerard Adriaan Heineken in Bunbury. ... Grolsch is a Dutch brewery founded in 1615 by Willem Neerfeldt in Groenlo. ... The Amstel is a river in the Netherlands which runs through the city of Amsterdam. ... For other uses, see Brand (disambiguation). ... Dommelsch is a brand of beer brewed in the Netherlands. ... For other uses, see Amsterdam (disambiguation). ... InBev (Euronext: INB, NYSE: ABV) is the largest beer company in the industry. ...

Notes

1. ^ WorldClassBeverages.com
2. ^ The Beers of Martin Luther
3. ^ European Beer Guide on the Bokbierfest
4. ^ Real Beer' on Artois Bock

External links

• GermanBeerGuide
• Description of German Lenten Beer History
• Official Website of Cincinnati, OH Bockfest

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