Braniewo
	(Coat of arms)
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Warmian-Masurian
Mayor	Henryk Mroziński
Area	12,36 km²
Population  - city  - urban  - density	18,068 1461,8/km²
Founded	1240
City rights	1284
Municipal Website

Braniewo (until 1945 Polish: Brunsberga; German: Braunsberg (help· info)) is a city in northeastern Poland, in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, with a population of 18,068 (2004). It is the capital of Braniewo County. Located on the Pasłęka River, about five km from the Vistula Lagoon, Braniewo lies about halfway between Gdańsk and the Russian city of Kaliningrad. Image File history File links POL_Braniewo_COA.svg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Braniewo ... Image File history File links Frombork_mapa. ... Look up country in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A Voivodship (also voivodeship, Romanian: Voievodat, Polish: Województwo, Serbian: Vojvodstvo or Vojvodina) was a feudal state in medieval Romania, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Serbia (see Vojvodina), ruled by a Voivod (voivode). ... Warmia-Masurian Voivodship. ... Area is a physical quantity expressing the size of a part of a surface. ... World map of the population density in 2006 Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. ... Image File history File links Braunsberg. ... Chicago from the air. ... Warmia-Masurian Voivodship. ... Location of Braniewo County within Warmian-Masurian Voivodship Braniewo County or Powiat of Braniewo (Polish: powiat braniewski) is a powiat (county) in northern Poland, in Warmian-Masurian Voivodship. ... PasÅ‚Ä™ka is a river in northern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula Bay and thus into the Baltic Sea, with a length of 169 kilometres (23rd longest) and the basin area of 2,294 sq. ... Landsat photo Vistula Lagoon Vistula Lagoon (or Bay, Gulf) is the sweet water lagoon on the Baltic Sea that is cut off from Gdansk Bay by the Vistula Spit. ... GdaÅ„sk (IPA: ; German: , Kashubian: , Latin: ; older English Dantzig also other languages) is the sixth-largest city in Poland, and also its principal seaport and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. ... Government Russia District Subdivision Russia Northwestern Federal District Kaliningrad Oblast Mayor Yuri Savenko (2005) Geographical characteristics Area  - City 215. ...

History

General view. Engraving from 1684

During the conquest and Christianization of Prussia, the Teutonic Knights conquered an Old Prussian settlement named Brusebergue in 1240 and built a new town atop it on the Passarge (Pasłęka) River. The German name of this new city was Braunsberg (literally "Brown's Mountain"), although it was probably derived from a Germanization (Brus-berg and Brunsberg) of the older Prussian name or possibly named after Saint Bruno of Querfurt. In 1243 the city, together with the surrounding region of Warmia, was given by the Order to the newly created Archbishopric of Warmia, whose bishop built his cathedral in the city and made it his chief residence. In 1254 Braunsberg was granted its Lübeck law town privileges but was soon destroyed and depopulated in the second uprising of native Prussians (in 1261). It was rebuilt in a new location in 1273 and settled by newcomers from Lübeck. In 1284 given a new city charter, again based on the city charter of Lübeck. However, the next bishop, Heinrich I Fleming (1278-1300) transferred the chapter from Braunsberg to Frauenburg (Frombork) where it remained until the 20th century. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1058x646, 190 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Braniewo ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1058x646, 190 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Braniewo ... Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. ... The Teutonic knights in Pskov in 1240. ... St Francis Xavier converting the Paravas: a 19th-century image of the docile heathen Ansgar, the 9th century apostle of the North in an 1830 drawing. ... The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order (Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Ierosolimitanorum, Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in Jerusalem) is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre in Palestine. ... The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, were indo-European Balts inhabiting the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons (i. ... PasÅ‚Ä™ka is a river in northern Poland, a tributary of the Vistula Bay and thus into the Baltic Sea, with a length of 169 kilometres (23rd longest) and the basin area of 2,294 sq. ... Saint Bruno of Querfurt (c. ... Warmia in 1547 Warmia (Polish: , German: , Latin: Varmia, also historically known as Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland. ... The Archbishopric of Warmia (formerly Bishopric of Warmia) (Polish: Archidiecezja warmiÅ„ska, Latin: Archidioecesis Varmiensis, German: Erzbistum Ermland) is a bishopric in Poland. ... Prince Bishops / Bishops of Warmia: 1250-1274 Anselm of Meissen 1278-1300 Heinrich I Fleming 1301-1326 Eberhard of Neisse 1327-1328 Jordan 1329-1334 Heinrich II Wogenap 1337-1349 Herman of Prague 1350-1355 Joannes I of Meissen 1355-1373 Joannes II Stryprock 1373-1401 Heinrich III Sorbom 1401... Lübecks law was from the 13th century in the Middle Ages the foundation for municipal laws in many neighbouring cities on the Baltic Sea. ... Town privileges was an important feature of European towns during most of the 2nd millenium. ... Lübeck ( pronunc. ... This is a list of Prince-Bishops / Bishops / Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Warmia in northeastern Poland. ... Frombork Cathedral, with the Vistula Lagoon in the background Frombork (German: ) is a town in northern Poland, on the Vistula Lagoon in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship, with a population of 2,602 in 2005. ...

In 1296 a Franciscan abbey was built in Braunsberg, and in 1342 a "new city" (still called Neustadt or Nowe Miasto) was added. The city became a prosperous member of the Hanseatic League. It remained a part of the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights until 1466, when as a consequence of the Second Peace of Toruń ending the Thirteen Years' War, the city passed to the Kingdom of Poland as part of the new autonomous province of Royal Prussia. In 1487 it withstood a siege by Polish troops during the War of the Priests. The Order of Friars Minor and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Saint Francis of Assisi. ... Carta marina of the Baltic Sea region (1539). ... This article needs to be wikified. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Second Peace of ToruÅ„. (Discuss) Peace of Thorn 1466 (also Peace of ToruÅ„ 1466 or the Second Peace of Thorn) was a peace treaty signed on 19 October 1466 in Thorn (ToruÅ„) between Poland and the Teutonic Order... The Thirteen Years War (also called the War of the Cities) started out as an uprising by Prussian cities and the local nobility with the goal of gaining independence from the Teutonic Knights. ... The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state in the years between the death of Casimir III in 1370 and the Union of Lublin in 1569. ... Map of Royal Prussia Royal Prussia (Polish: Prusy Królewskie, German: Königliches Preussen) was the western part of two parts of Prussia, which previously were governed as one Lands of the Teutonic Order. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

During the reign of Duke Albert in neighboring Ducal Prussia, a large part of Braunsberg's populace converted to Lutheran Protestantism. Albert sought to unite Warmia with Ducal Prussia, causing the Catholics of the city to swear allegiance to the king of Poland in return for aid against Protestant Prussia. In 1526 a Polish royal commission released Braunsberg's burghers from the oath to the Polish king and handed the city back to Prince-Bishop Mauritius Ferber. Braunsberg again swore allegiance to the Prince-Bishops of Warmia, but had to denounce all Lutheran teachings and hand over Lutheran writings. Albert of Prussia Albert I Hohenzollern of Brandenburg-Ansbach (German: ; Latin: Albertus; 16 May 1490 – 20 March 1568) was Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of Ducal Prussia, which he made the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith. ... Royal and Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions as of 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders Ducal Prussia, or the Duchy of Prussia (German: ; Polish: ), was a duchy established in 1525 in the eastern part of Prussia, as western... Lutheranism is a movement within Christianity that began with the theological insights of Martin Luther in the 16th century> Luthers writings launched the Protestant Reformation of the Western church. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... Warmia in 1547 Warmia (Polish: , German: , Latin: Varmia, also historically known as Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland. ... Tiedemann Giese (June 1, 1480 - October 23, 1550 in Heilsberg) of the Patrician family Giese from Danzig (Gdańsk) became bishop of Culm (Chełmno), then Bishop of Warmia. ...

The city suffered from warfare and the church tower was not rebuilt until 1544, when Prince-Bishop Johannes Dantiscus ordered 20 zentner copper from Anton Fugger in Augsburg. It could only be paid off slowly with yearly payments of 100 marks. For many years Braunsberg was not able to directly attend Hanseatic meetings; it was not until 1557 that representatives attended session in Lübeck again. Poeta Laureatus Johannes Dantiscus, also Johann(es) von Höfen or Johann(es) Flachsbinder, Polish: , was born 1 October 1485 in Danzig (GdaÅ„sk) and died 27 October 1548 in Lidzbark WarmiÅ„ski (Heilsberg) and is known as a Father of Polish Diplomacy. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Augsburg is a city in south-central Germany. ... The word mark (from an apparently non-Teutonic word found in all Teutonic and Romance languages, and Latinized as marca or marcus) originally expressed a measure of weight only for gold and silver, commonly used throughout western Europe and equivalent to 8 oz (ounces). ...

Colegium Hosianum

Braunsberg was occupied by Sweden for several years during the Livonian War. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2576x1932, 1244 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Braniewo Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2576x1932, 1244 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Braniewo Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create... The Reformation reached Livonia in the 1520s. ...

During Prince-Bishop Stanislaus Hosius' government, Lutheran teachings again became popular in the city. They were suppressed when Hosius brought in the Jesuits and founded the Collegium Hosianum gymnasium. The Jesuit theologian Antonius Possevinus was instrumental in enlarging the Collegium Hosianum to receive Swedes. A priest seminary was added in 1564. Pope Gregory XIII later added a papal mission seminary for northern and eastern European countries. Regina Protmann, a native of Braunsberg, founded the Saint Catherine Order of Sisters in the town, recognized by the church in 1583. Stanislaus Hosius (May 5, 1504 - August 5, 1579, born in Cracow, legate to Poland, cardinal and Ermland Warmia Prince-Bishop. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... The Collegium Hosianum was the first Jesuit collegium in Warmia, founded by Cardinal Stanislaus Hosius in Braunsberg([1]) in 1564. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Secondary education. ... Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 – April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ... Regina Prot(h)mann (also Brotmann) was born in the Prussian city of Braunsberg , Ermland in 1552. ... There are five St. ...

The ethnically German, politically Polish, and primarily Catholic city was annexed by the mostly Protestant Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland. The city obtained its first railway connection in 1852. In 1871 it became part of the newly established German Empire. Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... The Partitions of Poland (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas, Belarusian: Падзелы Рэчы Паспалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Motto: Gott mit Uns (German: God with us”) Anthem: Heil dir im Siegerkranz (unofficial) Territory of the German Empire in 1914, prior to World War I   Capital Berlin Language(s) German (official) Polish (Posen, Upper Silesia, Masuria) French (Alsace-Lorraine) Government Constitutional monarchy Emperor  - 1871-1888 William I  - 1888 Frederick...

Next to Königsberg, Braunsberg was the leading academic center of Prussia. In 1912 the Jesuit college became the State Academy of Braunsberg (German: Staatliche Akademie Braunsberg). Government Russia District Subdivision Russia Northwestern Federal District Kaliningrad Oblast Mayor Yuri Savenko (2005) Geographical characteristics Area  - City 215. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ...

During World War II Braunsberg was captured by the Soviet Red Army in 1945 and suffered heavy destruction due to fighting and subsequent looting. The German inhabitants of the city were either evacuated before the Soviet army arrived, killed during the fighting, or expelled to Germany after the war. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Russian: Workers of the world, unite!) Anthem: The Internationale (1922-1944) Hymn of the Soviet Union (1944-1991) Capital (largest city) Moscow None; Russian de facto Government Federation of Soviet Republics  - Last President Mikhail Gorbachev  - Last Premier Ivan Silayev Establishment October Revolution   - Declared 30... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (in Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya), the armed forces first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... The Evacuation of East Prussia refers to the events that took place in East Prussia, especially the evacuation of German population from that area as well as from other Prussian lands in 1944 and 1945. ... Germans expelled from the Sudetenland // The flight and expulsion of Germans after World War II refers to the escape and mass deportation of people considered Germans (both Reichsdeutsche and Volksdeutsche) from Soviet-occupied areas of Europe during 1945 and in the first three years after World War II 1946-48. ...

The city, previously known as Brunsberga in older Polish records, became part of Poland after 1945 and was given the current name Braniewo.

In 2001 the St. Catherine Church, built in 1346, destroyed in 1945, and rebuilt after 1979, was declared a Basilica Minor (Bazylika Mniejsza). This Gothic Hall church was built on a site, which held a previous wooden Church of St. Catherine since 1280. Prince-Bishop Lucas Watzenrode of Warmia added extensively to the building. Lucas Watzenrode (Łukasz) was born 1400 in Toruń and died in Toruń in 1462. ...

Military events

The city was subject of several sieges by different forces throughout its history:

• 1455 Teutonic Knights
• 1478 Kingdom of Poland
• 1520 Teutonic Knights
• 1626-35 Kingdom of Sweden
• 1655-63 Brandenburg-Prussia
• 1703 Kingdom of Sweden
• 1713 Electorate of Saxony
• 1734-36 Russian Empire
• 1807 First French Empire
• 1815 Russian Empire - Kingdom of Poland
• 1917-18 occupation by Germany
• 1919 Poland
• 1939-1945 occupation by Germany
• 1945 occupation by Soviet Union
• 1945 Poland

The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order (Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Ierosolimitanorum, Order of the Teutonic House of Mary in Jerusalem) is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th century in Acre in Palestine. ... The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state in the years between the death of Casimir III in 1370 and the Union of Lublin in 1569. ... The Brandenburg-Prussian state was formed in 1618 when the Duchy of Prussia came under the control of the Elector of Brandenburg (part of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Official language Russian Official Religion Russian Orthodox Christianity Capital Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1924) Area Approx. ... The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ... Official language Russian Official Religion Russian Orthodox Christianity Capital Saint Petersburg (Petrograd 1914-1924) Area Approx. ... The state formed by Boleslaus I of Poland in 1025 during his coronation. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Braniewo

• Municipal website (Polish)
• City business page (Polish)
• History of Braniewo (including modern and pre-1945 photographs) (Polish)
• Map of Braniewo (Polish)
• Street plan (Polish)
• Braunsberg/Ostpreussen Kreisgemeinschaft (German)
• Braunsberg im Wandel der Jahrhunderte (German)
• Statistics of inhabitants, birth, marriage, death from c 1550

Coordinates: 54°23′N 19°49′E Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...