Map of Germany showing Braunschweig

Braunschweig [ˈbraunʃvaik] (English & French: Brunswick) is a city of 245,500 people (as of December 31, 2004), located in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... The Harz is a mountain range in northern Germany. ... The Oker is a river in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... The Aller is a river in Saxony_Anhalt and Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Weser watershed The Weser is a river of north-western Germany. ...

History

Brunswick

The date and circumstances of the town's foundation are unknown. Legend says that Brunswick was founded by Bruno II, a Saxon count who died before 1017. A wik was a place where merchants rested and stored their goods. Brunswick = Bruno's wik was an ideal resting-place, as it lay by a ford across the Oker River. Marketplace File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Marketplace File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Saxons were a large and powerful Germanic people located in what is now northwestern Germany and a small section of the eastern Netherlands. ... Events Canute the Great is acclaimed king of England. ...

Burg Dankwarderode

Brunswick Cathedral, with Lion statue

Duke Henry the Lion (German: Heinrich der Löwe, born 1129/30, died 06.08.1195) made Brunswick the capital of his state and built Brunswick Cathedral. He became so powerful that he dared to refuse military aid to emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, which led to his condemnation and fall. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Photo of Cathedral at Brunswick (Germany), with the Lion statue (taken Feb. ... Photo of Cathedral at Brunswick (Germany), with the Lion statue (taken Feb. ... Henry the Lion (face of statue on his tomb in Brunswick Cathedral) Henry the Lion (1129/1131 - August 6, 1195; in German, Heinrich der Löwe) was Duke of Saxony as Henry III since 1142, and Duke of Bavaria as Henry XII since 1156, both until 1180. ... Events Emperor Toba of Japan begins his cloistered rule sharing power with Sutuku, ex-emperor Shirakawas son. ... Events February 13 - Innocent II is elected pope An antipope schism occurs when Roger II of Sicily supports Anacletus II as pope instead of Innocent II. Innocent flees to France and Anacletus crowns Roger King. ... August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. ... Events Priory of St Marys, Bushmead, founded. ... Brunswick Cathedral, with Lion statue The Brunswick Cathedral, in the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany, is a cathedral dedicated to St. ... Frederick in a 13th century Chronicle Frederick I Hohenstaufen (1122 – June 10, 1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa (Frederick Redbeard) was elected king of Germany on March 4, 1152 and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor on June 18, 1155. ...

Brunswick was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century to the middle of the 17th century. In the 18th century Brunswick was not only a political, but also a cultural centre. Emilia Galotti by Lessing and Goethe's Faust were played for the first time in Brunswick. The foundations of the Hanseatic League (German: Hanse), an alliance of trading cities that for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period maintained a trade monopoly over most of Northern Europe and the Baltic, can be seen as early as the 12th century, with the... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (January 22, 1729 - February 15, 1781), writer, philosopher, publicist, and art thinker, is the most outstanding German representative of the Enlightenment era. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749 – March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Faust is the protagonist of a popular German tale that has been used as the basis for many different fictional works. ...

Brunswick was a duchy until 1918, and afterwards a state within the Weimar Republic. It achieved an inglorious fame by making Adolf Hitler a German citizen, which allowed him to become a candidate for the German Reichstag and become Head of Government (Reichskanzler). Hitler was employed by the Brunswick State Government in February 1932 and thereby obtained German citizenship. The later site selection of the Volkswagen plant in nearby Wolfsburg (Fallersleben) was likely a thank-you gift for this granting of citizenship. 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The period of German history from 1919 to 1933 is known as the Weimar Republic (Pronounced Vye-Mar, and in German it is known as the Weimarer Republik). It is named after the city of Weimar, where a national assembly convened to produce a new constitution after the German monarchy... Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889–April 30, 1945) was the Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Imperial chancellor) of Germany from 1933 to his death. ... 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ... Volkswagen (VW) is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ... Categories: Cities in Germany | Towns in Lower Saxony | Company towns | Germany-related stubs ...

During World War II Brunswick was severely damaged by Anglo-American aerial attacks. The air raid on October 15, 1944 destroyed most of the city of Brunswick, which consisted of half-timbered houses, as well as most of the churches. Only Brunswick Cathedral, which was changed into a National shrine (German: Nationale Weihestätte) by the Nazi-Government, withstood the bombs. After the war, Brunswick Cathedral was turned into a Protestant church again. A small section of the old centre of town did survive the bombing and remains quite distinctive. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air. ... October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

Historical population

1811: 27,600 inhabitants
1830: 35,300
1849: 39,000
1880: 75,000
1890: 100,000
1900: 128,200
1925: 146,900

Sights

• Castle (built by Henry the Lion, 12th century)
• Cathedral (built from 1173; Henry the Lion is buried here)
• Altstadtmarkt ("old town market"), surrounded by the old town hall and the Martinikirche (church Saint Martin, 1195)
• Aegidienkirche (church Saint Aegidius, 1115), with an adjoining monastery, which is today a museum

Happy Rizzi House

• The "Rizzi-Haus", a highly distinctive, cartoonish office building designed by architect James Rizzi.
• The "Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum", an important art museum and the oldest museum in Germany (founded 1754)

Recommended Day Trips: Henry the Lion (face of statue on his tomb in Brunswick Cathedral) Henry the Lion (1129/1131 - August 6, 1195; in German, Heinrich der Löwe) was Duke of Saxony as Henry III since 1142, and Duke of Bavaria as Henry XII since 1156, both until 1180. ... (11th century - 12th century - 13th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. ... Brunswick Cathedral, with Lion statue The Brunswick Cathedral, in the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany, is a cathedral dedicated to St. ... Events Canonization of Saint Thomas a Becket, buried at Canterbury August 9th - Construction starts on the Leaning tower of Pisa Castle at Abergavenny was seized by the Welsh. ... Statue of Saint Martin cutting his cloak in two. ... Events Priory of St Marys, Bushmead, founded. ... Saint Giles (Latin Ægidius) was a 7th-8th century Christian hermit saint. ... Events Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. ... Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1140 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2272x1704, 1140 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

• Hildesheim: beautiful medieval town famous for its UNESCO-cultural heritage Cathedrals, market place and old half-timbered houses
• Hamelin: the beautiful town is famous for the folk tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin
• Wolfenbüttel: the Residenzstadt (residential city) of the Dukes of Brunswick-L�neburg for several centuries, Wolfenbüttel is home to a Wasserburg (castle surrounded by a moat) and the Bibliotheca Augusta (Herzog-August Bibliothek, or the Duke August library) housing the largest collection of medieval manuscripts in Europe. The city is historically important also for its numerous half-timber houses, many of which date back several centuries since Wolfenbüttel was left largely untouched by WWII.

Hildesheim is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... Hamelin (German: Hameln) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... The oldest picture of Pied Piper copied from the glass window of Marktkirche in Goslar The Pied Piper of Hamelin is a folk tale, among others written down by the Brothers Grimm. ... Wolfenbüttel Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ...

Miscellaneous

Brunswick has been an important industrial area. Today it is known for its University (website) and research institutes, mainly the Federal Agricultural Research Centre (English website) and the PTB, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, the national institute of natural and engineering sciences and the highest technical authority for metrology and physical safety engineering of the Federal Republic of Germany (English website). Faculties Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Faculty for Mathematics and Computer Science Physics and Geoscience Chemistry and Pharmacy Biosciences and Psychology Architecture Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering & Information Technology Humanities and Educational Sciences Business Administration, Economics, and Social Sciences External link http://www. ...

Also located in Brunswick is the "Martino-Katharineum" (website), a secondary school founded in 1415. It had such famous pupils as Carl Friedrich Gauss, Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Richard Dedekind and Louis Spohr. Events Friedrich I Hohenzollern (b. ... Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß) (April 30, 1777 - February 23, 1855) was a legendary German mathematician, astronomer and physicist with a very wide range of contributions; he is considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. ... August Heinrich Hoffmann, who used Hoffmann von Fallersleben as his pen name, was a German poet. ... Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (October 6, 1831 - February 12, 1916) was a German mathematician and Ernst Eduard Kummers closest follower in arithmetic. ... Louis Spohr as a young man: a self-portrait Louis Spohr (April 5, 1784 – October 22, 1859) was a German composer, violinist and conductor. ...

Brunswick is the home of two piano companies, both known worldwide for the high quality of their instruments: Schimmel and Grotrian-Steinweg (cf. Steinway). Both companies were founded in the 19th century. This article is about the modern musical instrument. ... Steinway & Sons is a piano manufacturing firm, currently based in New York and Hamburg, Germany. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Brunswick is famous for Till Eulenspiegel, a medieval mixture of a jester and a Robin Hood who played many practical jokes on its citizens. It also had - and still has - many breweries, and still a very peculiar kind of beer is made called Mumme, first quoted in 1390, a malt-extract that was shipped all over the world. Till Eulenspiegel (Low German Dyl Ulenspegel) is a character of medieval Low German literature. ... Robin Hood is the archetypal English folk hero, an outlaw who, in modern versions of the legend, stole from the rich to give to the poor (some would say from the tax collector to refund the taxpayer). ... A typical mug of lager beer, showing the golden colour of the beer and the foamy head floating on top. ... Events Births December 27 - Anne Mortimer John Dunstable, English composer (d. ...

Near Braunschweig at Cremlingen-Abbenrode, there is a large medium wave transmitter, which transmits the program of "Deutschlandfunk" on 756 kHz, the transmitter Cremlingen. The transmitter Cremlingen is a large medium wave transmission facility established in 1962 for transmitting the program of Deutschlandfunk on 756kHz near Cremlingen-Abbenrode. ...

External links

• Official Brunswick web site (English)
• Technical University at Brunswick
• Braunschweiger Feldkorps (re-enactment society)