FACTOID # 101: The United States has the world's highest marriage rate - as well as the world's highest divorce rate.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

Encyclopedia > British Merchant Navy
The British Red Ensign.
The British Red Ensign.
The Merchant Navy memorial (1939-1945) at the Pier Head, Liverpool.
The Merchant Navy memorial (1939-1945) at the Pier Head, Liverpool.

The British Merchant Navy conotes British merchant ships and their crews, transporting cargo and people during time of peace and war. The SR Merchant Navy Class, also known as Bulleid Pacifics, Spam Cans or Packets, was a class of air-smoothed 4-6-2 steam locomotive designed for the Southern Railway by Oliver Bulleid. ... Image File history File links Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Civil_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 93 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Pier Head ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x960, 93 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Pier Head ... The Pier Head is a riverside location in the city-centre of Liverpool, England. ... For other uses, see Liverpool (disambiguation). ...


For long periods of the last millennium, the Merchant Navy had the largest merchant fleet in the world, but it has slipped down the rankings. Today, there are 429 ships of 1,000 GRT or over, making a total of 9,181,284 GRT (9,566,275 DWT). These are split into the following types: bulk carrier 18, cargo 55, chemical tanker 48, container 134, liquefied gas 11, passenger 12, passenger/cargo 64, petroleum tanker 40, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 25, vehicle carrier 3. There are also 446 ships registered in other countries, and 202 foreign-owned ships registered in the UK. (2005 CIA estimate) THE GRT GROUP The GRT Group is promoted by GR Thangamaligai South Indias leading jewellery house, established in 1964 by Mr. ... THE GRT GROUP The GRT Group is promoted by GR Thangamaligai South Indias leading jewellery house, established in 1964 by Mr. ... In numerical analysis and functional analysis, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) refers to wavelet transforms for which the wavelets are discretely sampled. ...


Due to the United Kingdom's island nature, before the Channel Tunnel and the advent of air travel the only way to enter or leave the country was on water, except at the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The British terminal at Cheriton in west Folkestone, from the Pilgrims Way. ... A Silk Air Airbus A320-200 in the air. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: , Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a constituent country of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ...

Contents

Observations Past and Present

Map of the UK showing its Exclusive Economic Zone and applicable jurisdictions; the territorial sea extends to no more than twelve nautical miles (22 km) from land.
Map of the UK showing its Exclusive Economic Zone and applicable jurisdictions; the territorial sea extends to no more than twelve nautical miles (22 km) from land.

For the United Kingdom, prior to the end of the First World War when she sailed more than half of the world's tonnage, it was known as the Merchant Service, and became the Merchant Navy by a Royal Proclamation of King George V, in recognition of the fact that the service sailed valiantly alongside the Royal Navy's fighting ships. British ships fly the Red Ensign, more familiarly known as the "Red Duster", at the stern. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 455 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1384 × 1823 pixel, file size: 327 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Map of the UK showing its Exclusive Economic Zone and applicable jurisdictions; the territorial sea extends to no more than twelve nautical miles from land. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 455 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1384 × 1823 pixel, file size: 327 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Map of the UK showing its Exclusive Economic Zone and applicable jurisdictions; the territorial sea extends to no more than twelve nautical miles from land. ... Sea areas in international rights Under the law of the sea, an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources. ... The territorial waters are sea waters of a littoral state that are regarded as under jurisdiction of the state: commonly, those waters measured from the shoreline of a sovereign state where the laws of that state are applicable. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... A proclamation (Lat. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... The Red Ensign, as currently used by the United Kingdoms Merchant Navy The Red Ensign of the United Kingdom in use in London The Red Ensign or Red Duster is a flag that originated in the early 17th century as an ensign flown by the Royal Navy. ...


A person hoping to one day become a Captain, or Master, prior to about 1973, had five choices. To attend one of the three elite naval schools from the age of 12, the fixed-base HMS Conway and HMS Worcester or Pangbourne Nautical College, which would automatically lead to an apprenticeship as a sea-going cadet officer; apply to one of several training programmes elsewhere, or go to sea immediately by applying directly to a merchant shipping company at perhaps the age of 17 (with poor prospects of being accepted without some nautical school or other similar prior education.) Then there would be three years (with prior training or four years without) of seagoing experience aboard ship, in work-clothes and as mates with the deck crew, under the direction of the bo'sun cleaning bilges, chipping paint, polishing brass, cement washing freshwater tanks, and holystoning teak decks, and studying navigation and seamanship on the bridge in uniform, under the direction of an officer, before taking exams to become a second mate. With luck, one could become an "uncertificated" 2nd mate in the last year. The modern route to becoming a Deck Officer comprises a total of 3 1/2 years (notably longer than Royal Navy training at Sandhurst and Dartmouth), of which at least 1 is spent at sea and the remainder at a sea college. This training still encompasses all of the traditional trades such as celestial navigation, ship stability, general cargo and seamanship, but now includes training in business, legislation, law, and computerisation and other highly technical aspects of a modern ship. Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ... Master Mariner is the official title of someone qualified to command a ship; the qualification is colloquially called a Masters Ticket. The term was introduced in the mid 19th century, and is usually held by the chief officer/first mate as well as the captain). ... HMS Conway was a naval training school or school ship, founded in 1859 and housed for most of its life aboard a 19th-century wooden battleship. ... A number of ships of the Royal Navy have bourne the name Worcester. ... Pangbourne College is a coeducational public school located in the civil parish of Pangbourne, just south-west of the village, at Bowden, in the English county of Berkshire. ... Apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of skilled crafts practitioners, which is still popular in some countries. ... The boatswain on a modern merchant ship supervising cargo operations. ... The bilge is the compartment at the bottom of the hull of a ship or boat where water collects so that it may be pumped out of the vessel at a later time. ... Holystone is soft friable sandstone that was formerly used for scouring and whitening. ... For other uses, see Sandhurst (disambiguation). ... Map sources for Dartmouth, Devon at grid reference SX877514 The town seen from the River Dart Dartmouth is a town in Devon in the south-west of England. ...


Another essential seagoing career was that of the radio officer (or R/O, but usually "sparks"), often, though not exclusively, employed and placed by the Marconi Company or one of a number of similar radio company employers. After the inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic, and the nearby SS Californian which did not render assistance due to their radio being down for the night, it was ordered that round-the-clock watch had to be maintained on all ships over 1600 GT. Most vessels only carried one radio officer, and during the hours he was off-duty, an automatic alarm device monitored the distress frequency. Today, Marconi no longer supplies radio officers to ships at sea, because they are no longer required, due to the development of satellites. Deck officers are now dual trained as GMDSS officers, thereby being able to operate all of the ship's onboard communication systems. The Marconi Company Ltd. ... For other uses, see Titanic (disambiguation). ... SS Californian The SS Californian was a Leyland Line steamship that was in the vicinity of the RMS Titanic when it sank on April 15, 1912. ... Tonnage is a measure of the size or cargo capacity of a ship. ... U.S. military MILSTAR communications satellite A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications using radio at microwave frequencies. ... The Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) is an internationally-agreed set of safety procedures and types of equipment used to increase safety and make it easier to rescue distressed ships, boats and aircraft. ...


Comsat launched their first commercial satellite in 1976 and by the mid 1980s satellite communication domes had become a familiar sight at sea. The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System or GMDSS was introduced and by 1 February 1999, all ships had to be fitted, thus bringing to an end the position of radio officer. This has led to a new career path, the recently introduced Electro-Technical Officer (ETO), who is a trained engineer with qualifications to assist the mechanical engineer to maintain vital electronic equipment such as radios and RADARs. ETOs are marine engineers given extra training. Although ETOs are relatively new, many companies are beginning to employ them, (although mechanical engineers are still employed). This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... For other uses, see Radar (disambiguation). ...


Ship crews are of course made up of others, working under the eyes of the officers; the deck crew and bo'sun, responsible for general maintenance, sailing "before the mast", (which, due to exaggerated pitching motion in bad weather, is the least comfortable part of the ship). Other duties aboard ship are performed by the ship's carpenter, the cooks, the stewards, the quartermaster who steers the ship, and the below-decks crew, often referred to as "greasers". Ocean-going vessels with more than 12 passengers are required to have a doctor aboard. For ships of the British Merchant Navy on foreign service, interestingly, it used to be that each of these departments were peopled with ethnically based workers. The deck crew would often be Malay, the quartermasters Filipino, the greasers and stewards Indian, the cooks Indian but from Goa where, being Christian, they could prepare Western style food, and the ship's carpenter ("chippy") would often be Chinese. The officers would be British or Commonwealth, headed by the Captain (or Master, but more often referred to as "the old man"). The Purser was in charge of the ship's stores. Nowadays, ships have turnaround times of less than twenty-four hours instead of several days, due to containerisation, requiring a much smaller crew. The passenger liners that once transported people now ply the oceans for pleasure seekers, cargo ships have switched to containers using efficient shoreside cranes instead of the ship's derricks, and tankers have become monsters. The boatswain on a modern merchant ship supervising cargo operations. ... Ship Stability diagram, showing Center of Gravity (G), Center of Buoyancy (B), and Metacenter (M) with ship upright and heeled over to one side. ... Quartermaster is a term usually referring to a military unit which specializes in supplying and provisioning troops, or to an individual who does the same. ... Motto: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu (English: Unity Is Strength)[1] Anthem: Negaraku Capital Kuala Lumpur1 Largest city Kuala Lumpur Official languages Malay Government Federal constitutional monarchy  - Paramount Ruler Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin  - Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Independence    - from the UK (Malaya only) August 31, 1957   - Federation (with Sabah, Sarawak and... Quartermaster is a term usually referring to a military unit which specializes in supplying and provisioning troops, or to an individual who does the same. ... For other uses, see Goa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London, UK Official languages English Membership 53 sovereign states Leaders  -  Queen Elizabeth II  -  Secretary-General Don McKinnon since 1 April 2000 Establishment  -  Balfour Declaration 18 November 1926   -  Statute of Westminster 11 December 1931   -  London Declaration 28 April 1949  Area  -  Total... Captain is a rank or title with various meanings. ... A ships purser, or just purser is the person on a ship responsible for the handling of money on board. ... Pacific Sky sails under Sydney Harbour Bridge A cruise ship or a cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ships amenities are considered an essential part of the experience. ... Container ship in Istanbul Container ships are cargo ships that carry all of their load in truck-size containers, in a technique called containerization. ... A modern crawler type derrick crane with outriggers. ... A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. ... A supertanker is an unofficial nickname that applies to a certain class of tanker ship built to transport very large quantities of liquids; in practice this typically refers to crude oil. ...


Sailing on the high seas has a long history, with embedded traditions largely inherited from the days of sail. Because of the ever-present concerns of safety for crew and passengers, the layers of authority are rigid, discipline strict, and mutiny almost unknown. The romantic lure for those "going down to the sea in ships" is less than it was. Mutiny is the act of conspiring to disobey an order that a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the military; or the crew of any ship, even if they are civilians) are legally obliged to obey. ...


Merchant mariners are held in high esteem as a result of their extraordinary losses in times of war. The ships were often "sitting ducks" lined up in the sights of enemy combatants, as some of the following links will help illustrate.


Notable members

Further information: List of notable mariners

Merchant seamen have gone on to make their mark on the world in a number of interesting ways. For example, Arthur Phillip joined the Merchant Navy in 1751 and 37 years later founded the city of Sydney, Australia. This list of sailors includes any seagoing person who does not qualify for the list of naval commanders and/or list of sea captains. ... Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British naval officer and colonial administrator. ... This is about the city of Sydney in Australia. ...


Merchant Navy member Ken Russell later directed films such as Tommy, Altered States, and The Lair of the White Worm. Irish Merchant Navy member Kevin McClory spent 14 days in a lifeboat and later went on to write the James Bond movies Never Say Never Again and Thunderball. Alun Owen later wrote the screenplay for A Hard Day's Night. Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell, known as Ken Russell (born July 3, 1927), is an iconoclastic English film director, particularly well-known for his films about famous composers and his controversial, often outrageous pioneering work in film. ... Tommy is a given name that is the English diminutive of Thomas and could refer to: Tommy Atkins, nickname for a British soldier Thompson submachine gun, also known as the Tommy Gun Tommy (rock opera), by The Who Tommy (film), based on the rock opera Tommy (comics) is a former... Altered States is the name of both a novel (ISBN 0060107278) and a film adaptation of that novel, both written by Paddy Chayefsky. ... The Lair of the White Worm is a 1988 film written, produced and directed by Ken Russell which starred Hugh Grant and Amanda Donohoe. ... Kevin ODonovan McClory (b. ... Alun Owen (November 24, 1925 – December 6, 1994) was a British screenwriter, predominantly active in television but best remembered by a wider audience for writing the screenplay of The Beatles debut feature film A Hard Days Night in 1964. ...


Merchant Navy steward Freddie Lennon had a surprise when he returned home to find he had a newborn son. That son would later found the musical group The Beatles. Cover of the 1965 single for Thats My Life Alfred Freddie Lennon (14 December 1912 – 1 April 1976) was the father of English musician John Lennon. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ...


Members of the British Merchant Navy have won the Distinguished Service Cross, and have had careers taking them from 'Deck Boy Peter' to Air Marshal Sir Beresford Peter Torrington Horsley KCB, CBE, LVO, AFC. Canadian merchant seamen have won the Victoria Cross and the Medal of Honor. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Air Marshal Sir (Beresford) Peter (Torrington) Horsley, KCB CBE LVO AFC, a senior Royal Air Force officer. ... Philip Eric Bent,VC, DSO,(January 3, 1891 - October 1, 1917), was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... Charles Andrew MacGillivary, taken shortly before his death. ...


Merchant sailors have also made a splash in the world of sport, including England's footballer Fred Blackburn and founder of Yoshinkan UK, Edwin Stratton. Fred Blackburn (born 1879 in Blackburn, Lancashire) was an English footballer. ... Edwin William James Stratton (July 17, 1936 - March 9, 2000) was a British aikido teacher and the founder of Yoshinkan UK. He first encountered with martial arts when at the age of 9 his father gave his a pair of boxing gloves. ...


Since World War II, a number of merchant seamen have become notorious criminals. For example, Great Britan's Duncan Scott-Ford was hanged for treachery in World War II. Duncan Alexander Croall Scott-Ford (September 4, 1921 – November 3, 1942) was a British merchant seaman who was hanged for Treachery after giving information to an enemy agent during World War II. Scott-Ford was born in Plymouth. ...


See also

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... THE MARINE SOCIETY[1] - the world’s oldest seafarers’ charity In 1756, at the beginning of the Seven Years War against France, Austria, Russia, Sweden and Saxony (and subsequently Spain and Portugal) Britain urgently needed to recruit men for the navy. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. ... // Governmental Institut des Sciences de la Mer et de lAménagement du Littoral (ISMAL) Governmental Institut Supérieur Maritime (ISM) - WMU Branch Governmental Escuela Nacional de Naútica Manuel Belgrano - WMU Branch Governmental Escuela Nacional de Pesca (National School of Fisheries) Governmental Escuela Nacional Fluvial Governmental University of Tasmania... This list of sailors includes any seagoing person who does not qualify for the list of naval commanders and/or list of sea captains. ... In 1939 Lloyds of London set up a committee to find means of honouring seafarers who performed acts of exceptional courage at sea, and this resulted in the announcement in December 1940 of the Lloyd’s War Medal for Bravery at Sea. ... Part of the List of POW camps There were over 5,000 Allied Merchant seamen captured by the German forces during WWII. Some 4,500 of these mariners were held at the Merchant Navy Internment camp at Westertimke, near Bremen, Germany. ... The Silver Line was a shipping company formed in 1908, part of the British Merchant Navy. ... The Deep Sea Scouts were an organisation enabling young people serving on British ships to participate in Scouting activities. ... A container ship // Water transport redirects here. ... Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ... Railways: total: 16,878 km Great Britain: 16,536 km 1435 mm gauge (standard gauge) (4,928 km electrified; 12,591 km double or multiple track) (1996). ...

Notes

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

Historical

Educational and professional


  Results from FactBites:
 
Merchant Navy in WW2 (7030 words)
British East Coast convoys (FN/FS) commenced between the Thames Estuary and the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
The Navy’s own official historian records that there was not one single practise in the protection of a slow moving convoy from submarine or air attack.
Merchant Navy Day.com would like invite all families and relatives, friends and companions, to submit the names of their loved ones to the commemoration page for 3rd September in recognition of their contribution to the years 1939-1945.
  More results at FactBites »

 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your location
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.