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Abbreviations are normally used to specify a degree, rather than spelling out the name in full, such as in reference books like 'Who's Who or on business cards. Many degrees have more than one abbreviations. This list is a 'work in progress' - please add to it. Whos Who is the name of a number of publications, generally containing concise biographical information on a particular group of people. ...
Attorney business card 1895 Business cards are shared during formal introductions as a convenience and a memory aid. ...
Note that usage in some Scottish universities, particularly the ancient universities, differs from that in England and Wales in that MAs are given out in place of BAs as first degrees, where the course of study is four years rather than the three years typical in England. The Ancient universities in Scotland comprise The University of St Andrews (founded 1413) The University of Glasgow (1451) The University of Aberdeen (1495) The University of Edinburgh (1583) The University of Dundee (founded 1967, with a history dating back to 1881) shares several organizational features with these four and a...
The usage in the two ancient English universities of Oxford and Cambridge also differs slightly from that in other UK universities - the MA degree is not a substantive qualification, but reflects the ancient practice of these universities of raising BAs to MAs (and thus full membership of the University) a few years after graduating. Conversely, some bachelor's degrees in the higher faculties (i.e. those other than arts) at those universities are postgraduate qualifications (e.g. the BCL and BMus at Oxford). Many have been changed to the corresponding masters degree (e.g. BSc is now MSc), but only within the last generation. The BD remains a higher degree at a some older universities (e.g. Oxford, Cambridge and Durham) but is an undergraduate degree at most (e.g. London, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Glasgow). Oxford and Cambridge grant BAs after three years to students on undergraduate courses lasting longer than this (the undergraduate masters degrees and the MB, ChB in medicine). The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. ...
Undergraduate degrees may be awarded "with Honours" or may be "Ordinary" or "Pass" degrees. The meaning of non-Honours degrees changed in the course of the twentieth century, and varies somewhat between England and Wales on the one hand and Scotland and Northern Ireland on the other, and also between institutions. But in most places to be awarded an Ordinary or Pass degree is nowadays a euphemism for failure. However, in the Open University and some of the newer universities with a strong commitment to broadening access to higher education, the Pass degree remains a valuable qualification though of a lower standard (or indicating a shorter period of study) than an Honours degree. Honours degrees are usually awarded with first, upper-second, lower-second or third class honours. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ...
A euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replaces, or in the case of doublespeak to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ...
The Open University (OU) is the UKs open learning university, established in 1969. ...
Usage of titles of masters degrees (in particular the undergraduate masters degrees) is in continuing flux, not least because of discussions of harmonisation of qualifications within the European Union as part of the Bologna process. The purpose of the Bologna process is to create the European higher education area by harmonising academic degree standards and quality assurance standards throughout Europe for each faculty and its development. ...
Bachelor's degrees These are normally awarded as honours degrees, sometimes indicated by '(Hons)' after the degree abbreviation without a space, for example 'BA(Hons)'.
Some of the following are postgraduate degrees in a few universities, but generally bachelors are undergraduate degrees.
See also Bachelor's degree. To meet Wikipedias quality standards and appeal to a wider international audience, this article may require cleanup. ...
A Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B., from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. ...
A Bachelor of Applied Science is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course of study that generally lasts three years in the UK or four or five years in North America. ...
A Bachelor of Science (B.S., B.Sc. ...
The Bachelor of Fine Arts, usually abbreviated BFA, is the standard undergraduate degree for students seeking a professional education in the visual or performing arts. ...
A Bachelor of Technology is an undergraduate academic degree in the United Kingdom, India, Ireland, Norway and other countries. ...
The Business & Technology Education Council (BTEC) of the UK (not to be confused with BTech) was a subdegree conferring council until 1996, when its functions were transferred to Edexcel. ...
Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ...
Divinity has a number of related uses in the field of religious belief and study. ...
Bachelor of Civil Law or BCL is the name of various degrees in law in English-speaking countries. ...
The degree of Bachelor of Laws is the principal academic degree in law in most common law countries other than the United States, where it has been replaced by the Juris Doctor degree. ...
Medicinæ Baccalaureus & Baccalaureus Chirurgiæ (MB BChir or MB ChB or MBBS or variations thereof) are the two degrees awarded after a course in medicine at a university in the United Kingdom and other places following the British tradition. ...
A typical modern surgical operation Surgery (from the Greek cheirourgia meaning hand work) is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. ...
Medicinæ Baccalaureus & Baccalaureus Chirurgiæ (MB BChir or MB ChB or MBBS or variations thereof) are the two degrees awarded after a course in medicine at a university in the United Kingdom and other places following the British tradition. ...
The Bachelor of Nursing (BN) academic degree is becoming more and more standard and most of the western world requires nursing to hold a degree over a diploma. ...
Midwifery is a term used to describe several types of health care practitioners, other than physicians, who provide prenatal care to expecting mothers, attend the birth of the infant and provide postpartum care to the mother and infant. ...
A Bachelor of Education (BEd) is an undergraduate academic degree which qualifies the graduate as a teacher in schools. ...
Bachelor of Engineering (BEng or BE) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded to a student after four or five years of studying engineering at an accredited university in the United Kingdom and other countries, such as Australia. ...
Bachelor of Philosophy (B.Phil. ...
A Bachelor of Music degree is a bachelors degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon the completion of a four-year program of studies in music. ...
Master's degrees See also Master's degree. A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate or graduate course of one to three years in duration. ...
Undergraduate These, like most bachelors degrees, are honours degrees, indicated by putting '(Hons)' after the degree abbreviation. The majority of undergraduate master's degrees are within science and engineering subjects. The undergraduate MAs of some Scottish universities are also honours degrees and may also add '(Hons)'. MEng used to be offered by some universities as a postgraduate degree, but is now an undergraduate degree. A Master of Engineering (M.Eng. ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Science For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ...
Mathematics is often defined as the study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change. ...
A graph of a bell curve in a normal distribution showing statistics used in educational assessment, comparing various grading methods. ...
A black hole concept drawing by NASA. Physics (from the Greek, φυσικός (physikos), natural, and φÏσις (physis), nature) is the science of the natural world dealing with the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces. ...
Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history and the processes that shape it. ...
Geophysics, the study of the earth by quantitative physical methods, especially by seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radioactivity methods. ...
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To meet Wikipedias quality standards and appeal to a wider international audience, this article may require cleanup. ...
Environmental science is the study of the interactions between biological components of the environmentand the physical, chemical components, with the focus on the environment pollution and degradation related mainly due to human acivities, and the impact of the environment on biodivesity, local and global development and sustainability. ...
Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science that deals with the properties of organic and inorganic substances and their interactions with other organic and inorganic substances. ...
Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. ...
Biology is the branch of science dealing with the study of life. ...
Bowl of Hygeia Pharmacy (from the Greek φάÏμακον = drug) is the profession charged with assuring the safe use of medication. ...
Master of Divinity is a common degree among theological seminaries and is considered the minimum academic requirement for ordination into pastoral ministry. ...
Economics (from the Greek οίκος [oikos], house, and νομος [nomos], rule, hence household management) is a social science that studies the production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. ...
Postgraduate Postgraduate degrees are not honours degrees, and do not add '(Hons)' to indicate this. MA(Hons) is only used for the undergraduate degree of the ancient Scottish universities: as there are no examinations for the MAs in Oxford and Cambridge there are consequently no honours to be awarded. The Oxbridge MA may be differentiated by putting the name of the institution after the degree, thus 'MA (Oxon)' or 'MA (Cantab)'. The MPhil is normally reserved for longer (often two year) research-based masters degrees. The MUniv is only ever an honorary degree. A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ...
A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ...
The Master of Laws is an advanced law degree that allows someone to specialize in a particular area of law. ...
Law (from the Old Norse lagu) in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, intended to provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments of/for those who do...
Research is an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry in order to discover, interpret and/or revise facts. ...
Modern-style library In the traditional sense of the word, a library is a collection of books and periodicals. ...
Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized and audible sound, though definitions vary. ...
Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a tertiary degree in business management. ...
Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ...
Alternate uses: see MFA (disambiguation) Master of Fine Arts (MFA) is a graduate degree in an area of applied or performing arts typically requiring two to three years of study beyond the Bachelors level. ...
A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees at all levels (bachelor, master, and doctor) in a variety of subjects. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
A Master of Social Science (MSSc) is a taught Masters degree in the United Kingdom. ...
Terms like SOSE (Studies of Society & the Environment) not only refer to social sciences but also studies of the environment. ...
Doctor's degrees Due to the flexibility of Latin word order, there are two schools in the abbreviation of doctor's degrees. At Cambridge, D follows the faculty (e.g. PhD, LittD.), while at Oxford the abbreviation D precedes the faculty (e.g. DPhil, DLitt). Most universities in the UK followed Oxford for the higher doctorates but followed international precedent in using PhD for Doctor of Philosophy. Doctor of Medicine (MD or DM) is sometimes a professional doctorate (e.g. in the US and others) and sometimes a research doctorate (e.g. in the UK and some of the Commonwealth). The degree of Doctor of Medicine is considered by some as a higher doctorate. However, the MD/DM research degree often requires a shorter period of study than, for example, a PhD and is considered by some universities to be more on par with an MPhil than a PhD (at least in the UK, e.g. Manchester University). Doctor of Philosophy is normally reserved for doctorates awarded on the basis of original research, other junior doctorates have substantial taught elements. Higher doctorates are normally awarded as honorary degrees (honoris causa), but can also be awarded on the basis of published work. DUniv is only ever an honorary degree. The sorting between junior doctorates and higher doctorates below is dependent on the granting institution. Several institutions consider some of the junior doctorates listed below as higher doctorates.
See also Doctorate.
Junior Doctors EDD can stand for: Electronic Direct Democracy, as referenced in e-democracy Europe of Democracies and Diversities The name of a fictional character in the cartoon series Ed, Edd n Eddy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The degree of Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) is a research doctorate. ...
Doctor of Professional Studies The Doctor of Professional Studies (DProf/D.P.S.) is a work-based professional doctorate pioneered by Middlesex University. ...
Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = soul or mind, logos/-ology = study of) is an academic and applied field involving the study of the human mind and human behavior. ...
Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = soul or mind, logos/-ology = study of) is an academic and applied field involving the study of the human mind and human behavior. ...
Nursing is a discipline focused on assisting individuals, families and communities in attaining, re-attaining and maintaining optimal health and functioning. ...
Engineering applies scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. ...
The Medicinæ Doctor or Doctor of Medicine (M.D. or D.M.) is a an degree held by medical doctors. ...
Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph. ...
Doctor of Philosophy, or Ph. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
Higher Doctors Sc. ...
Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized and audible sound, though definitions vary. ...
Law (from the Old Norse lagu) in politics and jurisprudence, is a set of rules or norms of conduct which mandate, proscribe or permit specified relationships among people and organizations, intended to provide methods for ensuring the impartial treatment of such people, and provide punishments of/for those who do...
Legum Doctor (English: Doctor of Laws; abbreviated to LL.D.) In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, the LL.D. is a higher doctorate usually awarded on the basis of exceptionally insightful and distinctive publications, containing significant and original contributions to the science or study of law. ...
Doctor of Divinity (D.D., Divinitatis Doctor in Latin) is an academic degree. ...
A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees at all levels (bachelor, master, and doctor) in a variety of subjects. ...
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