City of Buffalo
Flag Seal
Nickname: The City of Good Neighbors, The Queen City, The Nickel City, Queen City of the Lakes, City of Light
Location of Buffalo in New York State
Coordinates: 42°54′17″N 78°50′58″W / 42.90472, -78.84944
Country	United States
State	New York
County	Erie
First Settled	1789
Founded	1801
Incorporated (City)	1832
Government
- Mayor	Byron Brown (D)
Area
- City	52.5 sq mi (136.0 km²)
- Land	40.6 sq mi (105.2 km²)
- Water	11.9 sq mi (30.8 km²)
Elevation	600 ft (183 m)
Population (2005)
- City	279,745
- Density	7,206.4/sq mi (2,782.4/km²)
- Metro	1,254,066
Time zone	EST (UTC−5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC−4)
Area code(s)	716
FIPS code	36-11000
GNIS feature ID	0973345
[1][2][3]
Website: Buffalo, NY

Buffalo (pronounced /ˈbʌfəloʊ/^[4]), is the second largest city in New York State. Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River, Buffalo is the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area and the seat of Erie County.^[5] The city itself has a population of 257,758 (2006 Estimate)^[6], and the metropolitan area 1,170,111 (2000 Census)^[7], the 46th largest in the United States. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 592 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a picture of Downtown Buffalo taken by Jason Lee in the Fall of 2005 File historyClick on a date/time to view the... Buffalo NY city flag File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Municipal Flag of the City of Buffalo The municipal flag of Buffalo is the official banner of the city of Buffalo, New York. ... Image File history File links BuffaloSeal. ... Municipal Seal of the City of Buffalo The muicipal seal of Buffalo is the official seal of the City of Buffalo. ... EXAMPLE:Laughbox,Blondie,BamBam,Pinkie,etc. ... I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... This article is about the state. ... List of New York counties Map of the counties of New York State (click for larger version) Albany County: formed in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties. ... Erie County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... This is a list of mayors of Buffalo, New York. ... Byron Brown was elected on November 8, 2005 as the first African American mayor of Buffalo, New York. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... Eastern Standard Time redirects here. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Eastern Daylight Time or EDT is equal to: In North America, Eastern Standard Time + 1, or UTC − 4 hours. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... Area code 716 is an area code used to dominate Western New York until a new area code was formed in the east. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... Western New York refers to the westernmost region of New York State. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ... Not to be confused with Buffalo Niagara Region. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Erie County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... The Metropolitan Statistical Areas are shown in red on this map of the Core Based Statistical Areas of the United States. ...

Originating around 1789 as a small trading community near the eponymous Buffalo Creek,^[8] Buffalo grew quickly after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, with the city as its terminus. By 1900, Buffalo was the 8th largest city in the country, ^[9] and went on to become a major railroad hub,^[10] the largest grain-milling center in the country, ^[11] and the home of the largest steel-making operation in the world. ^[12] The latter part of the 20th Century saw a reversal of fortunes: by the year 2000 the city had fallen back below its 1900 population levels. This was caused in part by the closing or relocating of many of the steel mills and other industries in the area. Also, the rerouting of Great Lakes shipping by the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway was another factor in the decline of the city. Efforts have been made in recent years to retain and bring new business to the area. The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Saint Lawrence Seaway in its broadest sense (see Great Lakes Waterway) is the system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ...

History

Buffalo Panorama 1911

Passenger boats at Buffalo 1909

Pan-American Exposition - Ethnology Building at Night

Main article: History of Buffalo, New York

The City of Buffalo received its name from the creek that flows through it, and likely dates from the mid-18th century, when the area was first settled by Europeans. The area was originally settled by a Neutral Nation tribe, the Ongiara. Later, the Senecas of the Iroquois Confederacy won control over this land from the Neutrals. In 1804, Joseph Ellicott, a principal agent of the Holland Land Company, designed a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown like bicycle spokes, and is one of only three radial street patterns in the US.^[13] During the War of 1812, on December 30, 1813, the village of Buffalo was burned by British forces. On November 4, 1825 the Erie Canal was completed with Buffalo being at the western end of the system. The population at the time was about 2,400. The Erie Canal brought a surge in population and commerce which led Buffalo to incorporate as a city in 1832 with a population of about 10,000. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 198 pixelsFull resolution (2661 × 657 pixel, file size: 301 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Main St. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 198 pixelsFull resolution (2661 × 657 pixel, file size: 301 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Main St. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 206 pixelsFull resolution (3544 × 912 pixel, file size: 503 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Passenger boats in Buffalo, New York, 1909 http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 206 pixelsFull resolution (3544 × 912 pixel, file size: 503 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Passenger boats in Buffalo, New York, 1909 http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 794 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2256 × 1704 pixel, file size: 938 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 794 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2256 × 1704 pixel, file size: 938 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... History of Buffalo, New York // The City of Buffalo received its name from the creek that flows through it. ... For other rivers with this name, see Buffalo River. ... The Neutrals were a tribe of American Indians who lived in what is now upstate New York and southern Ontario. ... For other uses, see Iroquois (disambiguation). ... Map of the Holland Purchase From 1840s Divided into Counties and Townships And Including Morris Reserve Lands The Holland Land Company was a purchaser of the western two-thirds of the western New York land tract known as the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. ... This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ...

The first mayor of the city of Buffalo was Ebenezer Johnson [3] The City of Buffalo has been a long time home to the African-American community. An example is the 1828 village directory which listed 59 "Names of Coloured" heads of families.^[14] In 1845, construction was begun on the Macedonia Baptist Church (commonly called the Michigan Street Baptist Church). This African-American church was an important meeting place for the abolitionist movement. On February 12, 1974 the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Abolitionist leaders like William Wells Brown also made their home in Buffalo.^[15] Buffalo was also a terminus point of the Underground Railroad with many fugitives crossing the Niagara River from Buffalo to Fort Erie, Ontario and freedom. List of Registered Historic Places in Erie County, New York: See also: List of Registered Historic Places in New York This list is complete as of the Recent Listings dated June 29, 2007 Akron Rich-Twinn Octagon House US Post Office-Akron Amherst Entranceway at Main Street at Roycroft Boulevard... William Wells Brown (November 6, 1814 – November 6, 1884) was a prominent abolitionist lecturer, novelist, playwright, and historian. ... H. B. Lindsley, Harriet Tubman, c. ... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ...

During the 1840's, Buffalo continued its growth as a port city. Both passenger and commercial traffic expanded with some 93,000 passengers heading west from the port of Buffalo.^[16] Grain and commercial goods shipments led to repeated expansion of the harbor. The one of the first steam powered grain elevators was constructed which led to faster unloading of lake freighters.^[16] This article is about grain elevators. ... The ill-fated SS Edmund Fitzgerald, built in the classic dual superstructure style with her wheelhouse up near the bow. ...

Abraham Lincoln visited Buffalo on February 16, 1861, on his way to accept the presidency of the United States. He stayed at the American Hotel on Main Street between Eagle Street and Court Street.^[17] The Civil War years saw a great increase in the population of Buffalo it increased from 81,029 to 94,210 in 1865. The Niagara Steam Forge Works manufactured turret parts for the ironclad ship USS Monitor.^[17] Ironclad warships, frequently shortened to just ironclads, were ships sheathed with thick iron plates for protection. ... USS Monitor was the first ironclad warship commissioned by the United States Navy. ...

At the start of the 20th Century, immigrants from Europe came in to work in the local mills which used hydroelectric power generated from the river. The city got the nickname City of Light at this time due to the widespread electric lighting used.^[18] In 1881, Buffalo had deployed the first electric street lights in the United States. It was also part of the automobile revolution, hosting the brass era car builder Seven Little Buffaloes early in the century.^[19] Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Car redirects here. ...

President William McKinley was shot and mortally wounded at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo on Sept. 6, 1901. He died in the city eight days later and Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the 26th President of the United States. This article is about the 25th President of the United States; for other people named William McKinley, see William McKinley (disambiguation). ... Leon Czolgosz shoots President McKinley with a concealed revolver. ... The Electric Tower, the crowning feature of the Exposition Temple of Music where William McKinley was shot. ... For other persons named Theodore Roosevelt, see Theodore Roosevelt (disambiguation). ...

The link to Fort Erie, known as the Peace Bridge, was opened in 1927. This article is about the fort and historic site. ... The Peace Bridge (42°54′25″N, 78°54′20″W) is an arch bridge that consists of five arched spans over the Niagara River and a Parker through-truss which spans the Black Rock Canal on the American side of the river. ...

The city's economy declined in the later half of the 20th century, due to the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1957, cutting the city off from the normal trade routes. The city, which boasted over half a million people at its peak in the 1950s, has seen its population decline by almost 50%, as industries shut down and people left the Rust Belt for the employment opportunities of the South and West. However, the suburbs adjacent to Buffalo have grown from 300,000 in the 1950s to over 600,000 in 2007. The Saint Lawrence Seaway in its broadest sense (see Great Lakes Waterway) is the system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ... Manufacturing Belt, highlighted in red The Rust Belt, a term coined from Manufacturing Belt, is an area in parts of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States of America. ...

The end of 2006 saw an upturn in the city's prospects. Economic development in the city was marked at $4 billion in 2007 compared to a $50 million average for the previous ten years.^[20] New proposals and renovations were numerous, especially in the downtown area. Buffalo ranked 83rd on the Forbes best cities for jobs list, an increase from the previous year, and beating out cities like New York City, Cleveland, and Detroit. Buffalo is also scheduled to get a new tallest building in 2010; the Buffalo City Tower will rise 600 feet (180 m). For other uses, see Forbes (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Cleveland redirects here. ... Motto: Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus (We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes - this motto was adopted after the disastrous 1805 fire that devastated the city) Nickname: The Motor City and Motown Location in Wayne County, Michigan Founded Incorporated July 24, 1701 1815  County Wayne County Mayor... Buffalo City Tower rises from behind the new Federal Courthouse, to the left is Buffalo City Hall, to the right is the Statler Hotel Towers also owned by Bashar Issa all surrounding Niagara Square. ...

Geography and climate

Buffalo in Bloom

Blizzard of 1977

Buffalo is located on the eastern end of Lake Erie, opposite Fort Erie, Ontario in Canada, and at the beginning of the Niagara River, which flows northward over Niagara Falls and into Lake Ontario. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 518 pixelsFull resolution (2134 × 1383 pixel, file size: 852 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 518 pixelsFull resolution (2134 × 1383 pixel, file size: 852 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) (All user names refer to en. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links BuffaloAvgTemps. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ... Satellite image of the Niagara River. ... For other uses, see Niagara Falls (disambiguation). ... Lake Ontario, bounded on the north by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the south by Ontarios Niagara Peninsula and by New York State, USA, is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 52.5 square miles (136.0 km²). 105.2 km² (40.6 sq mi) of it is land and 30.8 km² (11.9 sq mi) of it is water. The total area is 22.66% water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ...

Buffalo has the sunniest and driest summers of any major city in the Northeast, but still has enough rain to keep vegetation green and lush.^[21] Summers are marked by plentiful sunshine and moderate humidity and temperature. Obscured by the notoriety of Buffalo's snowstorms is the fact that Buffalo benefits from other lake effects such as the cooling southwest breezes off Lake Erie in summer that gently temper the warmest days. Rainfall is moderate but typically occurs at night. The stabilizing effect of Lake Erie continues to inhibit thunderstorms and enhance sunshine in the immediate Buffalo area through most of July. August usually has more showers and is hotter and more humid as the warmer lake loses its temperature-stabilizing influence. Map of the US northeast. ... Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region; it refers to the ground cover provided by plants, and is, by far, the most abundant biotic element of the biosphere. ... The term humidity is usually taken in daily language to refer to relative humidity. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... A rolling thundercloud over Enschede, The Netherlands. ...

Buffalo has a reputation for snowy winters. The region experiences a fairly humid, continental-type climate, but with a definite maritime flavor due to strong modification from the Great Lakes. The transitional seasons are very brief in Buffalo and Western New York. Regions containing a continental climate exist in portions of Northern Hemisphere continents, and also at higher elevations in certain other parts of the world. ... An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of all the worlds continents, and in southeastern Australia; similar climates are also found at high elevations within the tropics. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

Winters in Western New York are generally cold and snowy, but are changeable and include frequent thaws and rain as well. Winters can also be quite long in Western New York, usually spanning from mid-November to early April. Snow covers the ground more often than not from late December into early March, but periods of bare ground are not uncommon. Over half of the annual snowfall comes from the lake effect process and is very localized. Lake effect snow occurs when cold air crosses the relatively warm lake waters and becomes saturated, creating clouds and precipitation downwind. Due to the prevailing winds, areas south of Buffalo receive much more lake effect snow than locations to the north. The lake snow machine starts as early as mid-October, peaks in December, then virtually shuts down after Lake Erie freezes in mid to late January. The most well-known snow storm in Buffalo's history, the Great Lakes Blizzard of 1977, resulted from a combination of lake effect snow and high winds. Snow does not typically impair the city's operation, but did cause significant damage as with the October 2006 storm. A winter storm is a storm where the dominant forms of precipitation are forms that occur only at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm where ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form. ... This article is about precipitation. ... For other uses, see Snow (disambiguation). ... Lake-effect precipitation coming off the Great Lakes, as seen from NEXRAD. Lake effect snow, which can be a type of snowsquall, is produced in the winter when cold, artic dry winds move across long expanses of warmer lake water, picking up water vapor which freezes and is deposited on... For other uses, see Cloud (disambiguation). ... For the 1928 film, see The Wind. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... 1Maximum snowfall or ice accretion The October 2006 Buffalo storm was an unusual early-season lake effect snow storm that hit the Buffalo, New York area and other surrounding areas of the United States and Canada, from the night of Thursday October 12 through the morning of Friday October 13...

Demographics

The United States Census of 1830 was the fifth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Sixth Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32. ... The Seventh Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35. ... The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Ninth United States Census was taken in 1870. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

City proper

Like most formerly industrial cities of the Great Lakes region, Buffalo has suffered through several decades of population decline brought about by the loss of its industrial base. The city's population peaked in 1950, when it was the 15th largest city in the United States. Its population has declined in every year since, particularly during the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the city lost nearly one-third of its population in only five years.

At that time of the 2000 census there were 292,648 people, 122,720 households, and 67,005 families residing in the city. The population density is 7,205.8 people per square mile (2,782.4/km²). There are 145,574 housing units at an average density of 3,584.4/sq mi (1,384.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city is 54.43% White, 37.23% African American, 0.77% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.68% from other races, and 2.45% from two or more races. 7.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. The top 5 largest ancestries include German (13.6%), Irish (12.2%), Italian (11.7%), Polish (11.7%), and English (4.0%).[4] A household refers to those who live in the same house, who may or may not make up a family. ... For other uses, see Family (disambiguation). ... Houses in Fishpool Street, St Albans, England For other meanings of the word house, see House (disambiguation). ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... Hispanic Americans (Spanish: Hispano Americano) are Americans of Hispanic ethnicity who largely identify with the Hispanic cultural heritage. ... For the Brazilian pop singer, see Latino (singer). ... English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. ...

There were 122,720 households out of which 28.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.6% are married couples living together, 22.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 45.4% are non-families. 37.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.29 and the average family size is 3.07. Matrimony redirects here. ...

In the city the population included 26.3% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $24,536, and the median income for a family is $30,614. Males have a median income of $30,938 versus $23,982 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,991. 26.6% of the population and 23.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 38.4% of those under the age of 18 and 14.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. The median household income is commonly used to provide data about geographic areas and divides households into two equal segments with the first half of households earning less than the median household income and the other half earning more. ... The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Buffalo has very sizable populations of Irish, Italian, Polish, German, Jewish, Greek, and African descent. Major ethnic neighborhoods still exist but they changed significantly in the second half of the twentieth century. Traditionally, Polish-Americans were the predominant occupants of the East Side, while Italian-Americans composed a close-knit neighborhood in the west side. The East Side is now a predominantly African American neighborhood, while the West Side has become a melting pot of many ethnicities, with Latino culture being the strongest influence. Throughout the history of Buffalo, the neighborhoods collectively called the First Ward, as well as much of South Buffalo, have been comprised almost entirely of people of Irish descent. Since the 1950s and 1960s, the greater portion of the Jewish population has moved to the suburban areas outside of the city. A Jewish American (also commonly American Jew) is an American (a citizen of the United States) of Jewish descent who maintains a connection to the Jewish community, either through actively practicing Judaism or through cultural and historical affiliation. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... Polish-American refers to American citizens of Polish descent. ... East Side or Eastside may refer to: // East Side Township, Minnesota East Side, Pennsylvania Eastside, Birmingham East Side, Chicago Eastside, Flint Eastside, Los Angeles Upper East Side and Lower East Side, Manhattan East Side, Milwaukee Eastside, Oklahoma City Eastside, Paterson East Side, Phoenix East Side, Providence Eastside, Ontario East Side... An Italian-American is an American of Italian descent. ... East Side or Eastside may refer to: // East Side Township, Minnesota East Side, Pennsylvania Eastside, Birmingham East Side, Chicago Eastside, Flint Eastside, Los Angeles Upper East Side and Lower East Side, Manhattan East Side, Milwaukee Eastside, Oklahoma City Eastside, Paterson East Side, Phoenix East Side, Providence Eastside, Ontario East Side... West Side or Westside may refer to: West Los Angeles Westside, Iowa An area in West Lafayette, Indiana An area in Chicago, Illinois An Area in St. ... Alternate meaning: crucible (science) The melting pot is a metaphor for the way in which heterogenous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (iron, tin; people of different backgrounds and religions, etc. ... For the Brazilian pop singer, see Latino (singer). ... When the city of Houston was founded in 1836 and incorporated in 1837, its founders—John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen—divided it into political geographic districts called wards. ... South Buffalo Township is a township located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. ... The Irish are a northwestern European ethnic group who originated in Ireland. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1958 to the end of 1974. ... Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ...

Metropolitan area

As of 2006, Erie and Niagara Counties had a combined estimated population of 1,154,378.^[23] The racial makeup of the area is 82.2% White, 13% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.32% Asian, 3.3% Hispanic, and 1.4% of all other races. In the metropolitan area, 39.68% of people are under the age of 18 or over the age of 64, and the median age is 38. Of the total population, 82.88% have a high school diploma and 23.2% have obtained a Bachelor's degree. The median income for a household is $48,400 and the per capita income for the area is just under $39,000. Approximately 8% of the population is below the poverty line. Erie County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. ... Niagara County is a county located in the state of New York. ... This article is about the color. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is a self-identification data item in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify. ... Hispanic (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ; Latin: , adjective from Hispānia, the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically denoted relation to the ancient Hispania and its peoples. ... A high school diploma is a diploma awarded for the completion of high school. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three, four, or in some cases and countries, five or six years. ...

Education

Lafayette High School

City Honors School

Like the rest of New York, Buffalo is subject to the state’s benchmark evaluation system. The Buffalo Public Schools curriculum is aligned to state standards set by the Education Department. At the high school level, students are required to pass Regents Examinations for each course upon its completion. Currently, there are 78 public schools in the city including a growing number of charter schools. As of 2006, the total enrollment was 41,089 students with a student-teacher ratio of 13.5 to 1. The dropout rate is just 5.3%, and 83% of students who graduate go on to college. More than 27% of teachers have a Master's degree or higher and the median amount of experience in the field is 15 years. When considering the entire metropolitan area, there are a total of 292 schools educating 172,854 students.^[23] Buffalo is noted^{[citation needed]} for its model magnet school system attracting students with special interests, which include science, bilingual studies, and Native American studies. Specialized facilities include the Buffalo Elementary School of Technology; the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Multicultural Institute; the International School; the Dr. Charles R. Drew Science Magnet School; Build Academy; Leonardo da Vinci High School; the Buffalo Academy for the Visual and Performing Arts, BAVPA; the Riverside Institute of Technology; Lafayette High School/Buffalo Academy of Finance; Hutchinson Central Technical High School; South Park High School and the Emerson School of Hospitality. The City Honors School was recently ranked #8 in the nation by Newsweek magazine. Buffalo is currently in the process of a $1 billion city school rebuilding plan. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 666 KB) City Honors School as viewed from Best Street. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 666 KB) City Honors School as viewed from Best Street. ... This article is about the state. ... The Buffalo Public Schools in Buffalo, New York are going through a transitional phase as in the teachera RE GETTING SHOT AT . ... The State Education Building, located in Albany The New York State Education Department is the state education department in New York State. ... For other uses, see High school (disambiguation). ... Regents Examinations, or simply The Regents, are a set of standardized tests given to high school students through the New York State Education Department, designed and administered under the authority of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York. ... The term public school has two contrary meanings: In England, one of a small number of prestigious historic schools open to the public which normally charge fees and are financed by bodies other than the state, commonly as private charitable trusts; here the word public is used much as in... In the United States, a charter school is a school that is created via a legal charter. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In the U.S. system of education, a magnet school is a public school which offers innovative courses, specialized training, etc. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... Native American Studies is an academic discipline which studies the experience of people of Native American ancestory in America. ... International schools are private schools that cater mainly to children who are not nationals of the host country, often the children of the staff of international businesses, international organizations, embassies, missions, or missionary programs. ... Leonardo Da Vinci High School (DVHS) has been located in Davis, California at 1602 Oak Avenue since fall of 2004. ... Lafayette High School, Buffalo, New York Lafayette High School is the oldest public school in Buffalo that remains in its original building; a stone, brick and terra-cotta structure in the French Renaissance Revival style, by architects August Esenwein and James A. Johnson. ... Hutchinson Central Technical High School, informally known as Hutch-Tech, is a high school in the City of Buffalo, New York. ... City Honors School at Fosdick-Masten Park (City Honors, or CHS) is a rigorous college preparatory school in Buffalo, New York. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ...

The city is home to 47 private schools while the metropolitan region has 150 institutions. Most private schools have a Roman Catholic affiliation including St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute, Nardin Academy, Canisius High School, and Cardinal O'Hara High School. However, there are schools affiliated with other religions such as Islam and Judaism. There are also many nonsectarian options including The Park School of Buffalo, The Buffalo Seminary (the only private, nonsectarian, all-girls school in WNY) [5] , and The Nichols School. Private schools, in the United States, Australia, Scotland, and other English-speaking countries, are schools not administered by local or national government, which retain the right to select their student body and are funded in whole or in part by charging their students tuition rather than with public funds. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... St. ... Nardin Academy was founded by the Daughters of the Heart of Mary in 1857. ... Canisius High School is a Roman Catholic Jesuit private high school for young men located at 1180 Delaware Avenue in Buffalo, New York. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Park School of Buffalo is an American private country school located north of Buffalo, New York in Snyder, a hamlet inside the town of Amherst in Erie County. ... The Buffalo Seminary, commonly called Buff Sem, is a private, nonsectarian, all-girls college preparatory school located at 205 Bidwell Parkway in Buffalo, New York. ... Nichols School is a private, co-educational college-preparatory school located in Buffalo, New York, USA. // Nichols School was founded in 1892 by William Nichols. ...

Complementing its standard function, the Buffalo Public Schools Adult and Continuing Education Division provides education and services to adults throughout the community.^[24] In addition, the Career and Technical Education Department offers more than 20 academic programs, and is attended by about 6,000 students each year.^[25]

Buffalo is home to two State University of New York (SUNY) institutions. Buffalo State College, a comprehensive college, and the University at Buffalo, one of the four University Centers in the SUNY system. Each is the largest institution of its type in the system. Combined, they account for roughly 40,000 students in the area. Not to be confused with University of the State of New York. ... Buffalo State College, often referred to colloquially as Buff State, is a public, liberal arts college in Buffalo, New York and is part of the State University of New York. ... It has been suggested that The Poetry Collection be merged into this article or section. ...

Other academic institutions in Buffalo or its suburbs include: Bryant & Stratton College, Canisius College, D'Youville College, Daemen College, Empire State College, Erie Community College, Hilbert College, Houghton College, Medaille College, Trocaire College, Villa Maria College, Niagara University, Niagara County Community College Bryant and Stratton is a proprietary college with campuses in New York, Ohio, Virginia and Wisconsin. ... Canisius College (pronounced IPA: ) is a private Catholic college in the Hamlin Park district of north-central Buffalo, New York. ... DYouville College is a private, coeducational college located on the West Side of Buffalo, New York, a few blocks from the international Peace Bridge. ... Daemen College is located on Main Street in Amherst, New York. ... Empire State College, a State University of New York university college, is a multi-site institution that offers higher education to students all over the State of New York as well as the rest of the world. ... Erie Community College, or ECC, is a two-year community college sponsored by SUNY and Erie County, New York. ... Hilbert College is located in the Town of Hamburg, south of Buffalo, New York. ... Houghton College is a 4-year Christian liberal arts college, operated by the Wesleyan Church[1]. Houghtons main rural campus is in the Genesee Valley of southwestern New York (Houghton, New York), and a secondary suburban campus is in West Seneca, New York, a suburb of Buffalo, New York. ... Categories: University stubs | Erie County, New York | Universities and colleges in New York ... Trocaire College is a private, two-year college specializing in health care training, located in Buffalo, New York. ... Villa Maria College is a two-year college located in Cheektowaga, New York. ... Niagara University is a Roman Catholic university in the Vincentian tradition, located in the Town of Lewiston in Niagara County, New York. ... Niagara County Community College is located in Sanborn, New York, northeast of the City of Niagara Falls. ...

The Buffalo area is also home to the The Gow School [6],The Gow School is a college prep boarding school for young men, grades 7 to 12, with dyslexia and similar language-based learning disabilities including: central auditory processing disorder, dyscalculia and LD written expression Gow School Students The Gow School is an independent boarding school for boys, grades 7-12, diagnosed with dyslexia and other learning disabilities. ...

Economy

Buffalo and the surrounding area were long involved in railroad commerce, steel manufacture, automobile production, Great Lakes shipping and grain storage. Most of these industries have left the city through the years. Major steel production no longer exists in the area, although several smaller steel mills remain in operation. For example, Gibraltar Industries, a leading manufacturer, processor, and distributor of steel products for the building, industrial, and vehicular markets is headquartered in Buffalo. For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Car redirects here. ...

In addition, Ford maintains operation of its Buffalo Stamping Plant south of the city, and Chevrolet has two plants, a production plant in Tonawanda near the city line, and a tool and die plant in the city. The windshield wiper was invented in Buffalo, and the Trico company still operates some facilities there. For many years, Buffalo was the nation's second largest rail center, with Chicago being the first. “Ford” redirects here. ... Chevrolet (IPA: - French origin) (colloquially Chevy) is a brand of automobile, produced by General Motors (GM). ... Tonawanda is a town located in Erie County, New York, USA. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 78,155. ... For other uses of this term, see Die. ... A windscreen wiper (windshield wiper in North America) is a device used to wipe rain and dirt from a windscreen. ... GunBound: World Champion screenshot GunBound (full name – GunBound World Champion, formerly GunBound: Thors Hammer) is a freeware, online-only computer game developed in South Korea by softnyx. ... railroads redirects here. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ...

The traditional reputation of Buffalo as "blue collar" industrial town really no longer applies however, as much of this industry has left the area. The regional economy can now best be described as a mix of industrial, light manufacturing, high technology and service-oriented private sector companies. Instead of relying on a single industry or sector for its economic future, the region has taken a diversified approach that has created opportunities for growth and expansion in the 21st century.

Overall, employment in Buffalo has shifted as its population has declined and manufacturing has left. Buffalo's 2005 unemployment rate of 6.6% was 32% higher than New York State's 5.0% rate.^[26] And from the fourth quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2006, Erie County had no net job growth, ranking it 271st among the 326 largest counties in the country.^[27] Yet the area has recently seen an upswing in job growth as unemployment has dropped to only 4.9% in July 2007 from 5.2% in 2006 and 6.6% in 2005.^[28] The area's manufacturing jobs have continued to show the largest losses in jobs with over 17,000 fewer than at the start of 2006. Yet other sectors of the economy have outdistanced manufacturing and are seeing large increases. Educational and health services added over 30,400 jobs in 2006 and over 20,500 jobs have been added in the professional and business (mostly finance) arena.^[29]

Buffalo has also increasingly become a center for bioinformatics and human genome research, including work by researchers at the University at Buffalo and the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. This consortium is known as the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus. It also includes: Buffalo Hearing & Speech Center, Buffalo Medical Group Foundation, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Kaleida Health, Olmsted Center for the Visually Impaired, and Upstate New York Transplant Services. Map of the human X chromosome (from the NCBI website). ... A graphical representation of the normal human karyotype. ...