Bulgar (also Bolğar), also Proto-Bulgarian is the language of the Bulgars, now extinct, whose classification is unclear. There is variation of suppositions about its origins whether it was a Turkic language, or that it linked to the Iranian language group. It was used in Great Bulgaria, and later in Volga Bulgaria and in Danubian Bulgaria. The language became extinct in Danubian Bulgaria in the 9th century as the Bulgar nobility became gradually Slavicized through intermarriages with the Slavic majority there. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe to Siberia and Western China with an estimated 140 million native speakers and tens of millions of second-language speakers. ... In 632, Khan Kubrat united the Bulgars and formed a confederation of tribes, known as Great Bulgaria, or Bulgaria Magna, with a capital at the ancient city of Fanagoria. ... Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... The Republic of Bulgaria is a republic in the southeast of Europe. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ...

The language remained, however, in use by the population of Volga Bulgaria until the 13th or the 14th century when it adopted a number of words and constructions from the Kypchak language. The language spoken by the present-day Volga Tatars represents a mixture of Bolgar and Kypchak. The Chuvash group of the Volga Bolgars kept their language and it evolved into the modern Chuvash language. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... The Kipchak language was an extinct Turkic language of Kipchak-Bolghar group. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Chuvash (Chuvashian: , Russian: чуваши, Tatar: ÇuaşlarЧуашлар) are a Turkic people usually associated with Chuvashia. ... Bulgaria, known today as Volga Bulgaria, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama Rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. ... Chuvash language (pronounced /ˈʧu. ...

The Old Tatar language also absorbed elements of the Bolgar language, because it appeared before the extinction of Bolgar. Old Tatar language (İske Tatar tele) is a literary language used in the Khanate of Kazan and among Muslim Tatars. ...

Inscriptions in Bulgar (Proto-Bulgarian) are found in Pliska, the first capital of Danube Bulgaria and in the rock churches near the village of Murfatlar, Romania. Some of them are written with Greek characters, other with runes similar to the Orkhon script. Most of them have private character - oaths, dedications, grave stones and some were court inventories. These inscriptions are found along with other official ones written in Greek language. The rulers of the First Bulgarian Empire preserved the Greek as the official state language until the 9th century when it was replaced by Old Slavonic. Pliska (Bulgarian. ... Motto: Bulgarian: Съединението прави силата (English: Unity Makes Strength[1]) Anthem: Mila Rodino (Dear Motherland) Capital Sofia Largest city Sofia Official language(s) Bulgarian Government Parliamentary democracy  - President Georgi Parvanov (BSP)  - Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev (BSP) Independence From the Ottoman Empire   - Founded 681   - Christianized 865   - Gained autonomy March 3, 1878   - Declared October 5... County ConstanÅ£a County Status Town Mayor Nicolae Crivineanu, since 2004 Area 66. ... Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Orkhon script The Orkhon script is the earliest known Turkic alphabet. ... Greek (, IPA - Hellenic) is an Indo-European language with a documented history of 3,500 years, the longest in the Indo-European family if the Anatolian languages are excluded. ... The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 AD in the lands near the Danube delta and disintegrated in 1018 AD by annexion to the Byzantine Empire. ... Old Slavonic may refer to: Old Church Slavonic language Common Slavonic language This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

External links

• The language of the Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars, Vocabulary and grammar by Peter Dobrev
• Inscriptions and Alphabet of the Proto-Bulgarians, by Peter Dobrev