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Trotskyism | | Leon Trotsky
Fourth International
The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions. ...
Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ...
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(Russian: Лeв Давидович Трóцкий, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (), was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ...
For other uses, see Fourth International (disambiguation). ...
| | Marxism
Leninism
Russian Revolution
Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin, and by other theorists who claim to be carrying on Lenins work. ...
“Red October†redirects here. ...
Prominent Trotskyists
James P. Cannon
Tony Cliff
Pierre Frank
Ted Grant
Joseph Hansen
Gerry Healy
C. L. R. James
Pierre Lambert
Livio Maitan
Ernest Mandel
Nahuel Moreno
Max Shachtman
James Cannon in Moscow (1922) James Patrick Cannon (1890-1974) was an American Communist and Trotskyist leader. ...
Tony Cliff (May 20, 1917 – May 9, 2000) was a Trotskyist revolutionary activist. ...
Pierre Frank (1906-1984) was a French Trotskyist leader. ...
Edward (Ted) Grant (born July 9, 1913) is a Trotskyist politician. ...
Joseph Hansen (1910-1979), was an American Communist and leading figure in the Socialist Workers Party. ...
Gerry Healy (December 3, 1913 - December 14, 1989) was a Trotskyist activist. ...
Pierre Lambert (born June 9, 1920) (real name Pierre Boussel) is a French Trotskyist leader. ...
Livio Maitan was an Italian Trotskyist, leader of Assoziazione Bandiera Rossa. ...
Ernest Mandel Ernest Ezra Mandel, also known by various pseudonyms such as Ernest Germain, Pierre Gousset, Henri Vallin, Walter etc. ...
Nahuel Moreno (April 24, 1924 - January 25, 1987) (real name Hugo Bressano) was a Trotskyist leader from Argentina. ...
Max Shachtman (September 10, 1904 - November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. ...
Trotskyist groups
CWI · FI(ICR) · ICFI
IMT · IST · IWL
reunified FI
This is a list of the many Trotskyist international tendencies. ...
The Committee for a Workers International (CWI) is an international association of Trotskyist parties. ...
The Fourth International - International Centre of Reconstruction is an international Trotskyist tendency. ...
It has been suggested that Orthodox Trotskyism be merged into this article or section. ...
The International Marxist Tendency (IMT) is a Trotskyist tendency based on the ideas of Ted Grant. ...
The International Socialist Tendency is an international grouping of organisations around the ideas of Tony Cliff, founder of the Socialist Workers Party in the UK. It has sections across the world, however its strongest presence is in Europe, especially in the UK, Greece and Ireland. ...
See also the Workers International League. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fourth_International#From the Fourth World Congress to reunification. ...
Branches
Orthodox Trotskyism
Third camp
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into ICFI. (Discuss) Orthodox Trotskyism is a branch of Trotskyism which aims to adhere more closely to the methods and positions of Trotsky and the early Fourth International than other Trotskyists. ...
The third camp, also known as third camp socialism or third camp Trotskyism, is a branch of Trotskyism which aims to oppose both capitalism and Stalinism by supporting the organised working class as a third camp. This approach was developed by Max Shachtman and is one of the major components...
| | Communism Portal This box: view • talk • edit | Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901–19 May 1989) was an Anglo-Trinidadian journalist, socialist theorist and writer. is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ...
Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II...
Motto Together we aspire, together we achieve Anthem Forged From The Love of Liberty Capital Port of Spain Largest town Chaguanas [1] Official languages English Government Republic - President George Maxwell Richards - Prime Minister Patrick Manning Independence - from the United Kingdom 31 August 1962 Area - Total 5,128 km² (172nd) 1...
This does not cite any references or sources. ...
Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ...
The Politics series Politics Portal This box: Political philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about the state, government, politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what...
A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ...
Birth and early career
Born in Trinidad and Tobago, then a British Crown colony, James attended Queen's Royal College in Port of Spain before becoming a cricket journalist, and also an author of fiction. He would later work as a school teacher, teaching among others the young Eric Williams. Together with Albert Gomes and Alfred Mendes, James was a member of the anti-colonialist Beacon Group, a circle of writers associated with The Beacon magazine. In 1932, he moved to Nelson in Lancashire, England in the hope of furthering his literary career. There, he worked for the Manchester Guardian and helped the cricketer Learie Constantine write his autobiography. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...
Queens Royal College Queens Royal College is one of the oldest secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago, referred to for short as QRC. Once the pre-eminent educational institution in the country, the school declined somewhat in prestige after the 1960s with the evolution of competing campuses. ...
Port of Spain, population 49,000 (2000), is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago and the countrys second largest city by population, after San Fernando. ...
Bowler Shaun Pollock bowls to batsman Michael Hussey. ...
This does not cite any references or sources. ...
Dr. Eric Williams Dr. Eric Eustace Williams (September 25, 1911 – March 29, 1981) was the first Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. ...
Albert Maria Gomes (b. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Nelson is a town in Lancashire in north-west of England with a population of around 30,000. ...
Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ...
Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Government Constitutional monarchy - Monarch Queen Elizabeth II...
The Guardian was also the name of a U.S. television series. ...
Learie Nicholas Constantine, Baron Constantine, MBE (21 September 1901 –1 July 1971) was a cricketer, broadcast journalist, administrator, lawyer, and politician. ...
Cover of the first English edition of 1793 of Benjamin Franklins autobiography. ...
London years In 1933, James moved to London. James had begun to campaign for the independence of the West Indies while in Trinidad, and his Life of Captain Cipriani and the pamphlet The Case for West-Indian Self Government were his first important published works, but now he became a leading champion of Pan-African agitation and the Chair of the International African Friends of Abyssinia, formed in 1935 in response to Fascist Italy's invasion of what is now Ethiopia. He then became a leading figure in the International African Service Bureau, led by his childhood friend George Padmore, to whom he later introduced Kwame Nkrumah. In Britain, he also became a leading Marxist theorist. He had joined the Labour Party, but in the midst of the Great Depression he became a Trotskyist. By 1934, James was a member of an entrist Trotskyist group inside the Independent Labour Party. 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. ...
Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ...
This article needs cleanup. ...
Italian fascism (in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ...
George Padmore (1902-1959), born Malcolm Nurse was a Trinidadian communist and later a leading Pan-Africanist with anti-communist sympathies. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Marxism is both the theory and the political practice (that is, the praxis) derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. ...
The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom. ...
The Great Depression was the result of the economic downturn that started with the Stock Market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday. ...
Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ...
Entryism (or entrism or enterism) is a political tactic by which a smaller organisation joins a (usually hostile) larger organisation in an attempt to either gain recruits, influence or both. ...
The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a former political party in the United Kingdom. ...
In this period, amid his frantic political activity, James wrote a play about Toussaint Louverture, which was staged in the West End in 1936 and starred Paul Robeson and Robert Adams. That same year saw the publication in London of James's only novel, Minty Alley, which he had brought with him in manuscript from Trinidad; it was the first novel to be published by a black Caribbean author in the UK. He also wrote what are perhaps his best-known works of non-fiction: World Revolution (1937), a history of the rise and fall of the Communist International which was critically praised by Leon Trotsky, and The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution (1938), a widely acclaimed history of the Haitian revolution, which would later be seen as a seminal text in the study of the African diaspora. François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture , also Toussaint Bréda, Toussaint-Louverture (c. ...
West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre in London, or sometimes more specifically for shows staged in the large theatres of Londons Theatreland. Along with New Yorks Broadway theatre, West End theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in...
Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson (April 9, 1898 – January 23, 1976) was a multi-lingual American actor, athlete, bass-baritone concert singer, writer, civil rights activist, Communist sympathizer, Spingarn Medal winner, and Lenin Peace Prize laureate. ...
Robert Adams (c1900-1965) was a pioneering black actor, on the stage, TV and films as well as the founder and director of the Negro Repertory Arts Theatre, one of the first professional Black theatre companies in Britain. ...
Minty Alley is a groundbreaking novel written by [Trinidadian]] writer C. L. R. James in the late 1920s, and published by Frederick Warburg Secker & Warburg in 1936, as West Indian literature was starting to flourish. ...
“West Indian†redirects here. ...
Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The first edition of Communist International, journal of the Comintern published in Moscow and Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) in May 1919. ...
(Russian: Лeв Давидович Трóцкий, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (), was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ...
The Black Jacobins is a historical account of the Haitian (San Domingo) Revolution of 1791-1803 written by Jamaican writer and historian C.L.R. James. ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Combatants Haiti France Commanders Toussaint LOuverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines Charles Leclerc, vicomte de Rochambeau, Napoleon Bonaparte Strength Regular army: <55,000, Volunteers: <100,000 Regular army: 60,000, 86 warships and frigates Casualties Military deaths: unknown, Civilian deaths: <100,000 Military deaths: 57,000 (37,000 combat; 20,000...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
In 1936, James and his Trotskyist Marxist Group left the Independent Labour Party to form an open party. In 1938, this new group took part in several mergers to form the Revolutionary Socialist League. The RSL was a highly factionalised organisation and when James was invited to tour the United States by the leadership of the Socialist Workers' Party, then the US section of the Fourth International, in order to facilitate its work among black workers, he was encouraged to leave by one such factional opponent, John Archer, in the hope of removing a rival. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Marxist Group was an early Trotskyist group in the United Kingdom. ...
Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The Revolutionary Socialist League was the name of two Trotskyist political parties in the United Kingdom, one in the 1930s and 1940s and a second one which was founded in the 1950s and existed into the 1960s. ...
The Socialist Workers Party is a small communist political party in the United States. ...
For other uses, see Fourth International (disambiguation). ...
US career and the Johnson-Forest Tendency James moved to the USA in late 1938, and after a tour sponsored by the SWP stayed on for over twenty years. But by 1940 he had developed severe doubts about Trotsky's analysis of the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers state and left the SWP along with Max Shachtman, who formed the Workers' Party. Within the WP he formed the Johnson-Forest Tendency with Raya Dunayevskaya (his pseudonym being Johnson and Dunayevskaya's Forest) and Grace Lee (later Grace Lee Boggs) in order to spread their views within the new party. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 407 pixel Image in higher resolution (2759 × 1404 pixel, file size: 55 KB, MIME type: image/png) this is a boring map of africa!!!!!!!!!!!! World map depicting Africa; map adapted from PDF world map at CIA World Fact Book File...
Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ...
Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Socialism refers to a broad array of ideologies and movements which aim to improve society through collective and egalitarian action; and to a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ...
Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ...
Kwanzaa (or Kwaanza) is a week-long Pan-African festival primarily honoring African-American heritage. ...
It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...
A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...
The word Maafa (also known as the African Holocaust or Holocaust of Enslavement) is derived from a Kiswahili word meaning disaster, terrible occurrence or great tragedy. ...
A Masai man in Kenya Black people or blacks is a political, social or cultural classification of people. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Black orientalism is a terminology that is used for an intellectual and cultural movement within primarily African American circles which, while similar to the general movement of Orientalism in its negative outlook upon Western Asian - especially Arab - culture and religion, is different from the same in its emphasis upon the...
An 1812 map of Africa Afrocentrism is an academic, philosophical, and historical approach to the study of world history. ...
FESPACO (La Festival Panafricain du Cinéma et de la Télévision de Ouagadougou) is a biennial African film festival held in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso. ...
Yoruba bronze head sculpture, Ife, Nigeria c. ...
Established in 1992, The Pan African Film Festival (PAFF) is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the promotion of cultural and racial tolerance and understanding through the exhibition of film, art and creative expression. ...
George Padmore (1902-1959), born Malcolm Nurse was a Trinidadian communist and later a leading Pan-Africanist with anti-communist sympathies. ...
Walter Rodney (March 23, 1942 - June 13, 1980) was a prominent Guyanese historian and political figure. ...
Patrice Lumumba as the Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1960 Patrice Émery Lumumba (2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961) was an African anti-colonial leader and the first legally elected Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo after he helped to win its independence...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Ahmed Sékou Touré (January 9, 1922 - March 26, 1984) was the first President of Guinea (1958 - 1984). ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Marcus Garvey in 1924 Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. ...
Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little, also known as Detroit Red and Al-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (Omaha, Nebraska, May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965 in New York City) was a Muslim Minister and National Spokesman for the Nation of Islam. ...
W. E. B. DuBois William Edward Burghardt DuBois (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an African American civil rights activist, sociologist, freemason, and scholar. ...
Cyril Lionel Robert James (4 January 1901–19 May 1989) was a journalist, and a prominent socialist theorist and writer. ...
Book Cover The African origins of civilization Cheikh Anta Diop (29 December 1923–7 February 1986) was a Senegalese historian, anthropologist, and staunch defender of the world view known as Afrocentricity, which places emphasis on the human races African origins and on the study of pre-colonial African culture...
Stokely Standiford Churchill Carmichael (June 29, 1941 – November 15, 1998), also known as Kwame Ture, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. ...
Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
(Russian: Лeв Давидович Трóцкий, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (), was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ...
In Trotskyist political theory, degenerated workers states are states where capitalism has been overthrown through social revolution and the property forms have changed into a collectivized planned economy, but where the working class has lost its political power and socialist democracy has been replaced by a form of dictatorship. ...
Max Shachtman (September 10, 1904 - November 4, 1972) was an American Marxist theorist. ...
The Workers Party was a Trotskyist group in the United States. ...
The Johnson-Forest tendency, sometimes called the Johnsonites, refers to an American radical left tendency associated with Marxist theorists C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya, who used the pseudonyms J.R. Johnson and Freddie Forest respectively. ...
Raya Dunayevskaya (1910 – 1987) was a Ukrainian born immigrant to the United States of America who was a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). ...
Grace Lee Boggs (born June 27, 1915) is an author, lifelong anti-racist activist and feminist. ...
Grace Lee Boggs (born June 27, 1915) is an author, lifelong anti-racist activist and feminist. ...
While within the WP the views of the J-F tendency underwent considerable development and by the end of the Second World War they had definitively rejected Trotsky's theory of Russia as a degenerated workers state, instead analysing it as being state capitalist. They were increasingly looking towards the autonomous movements of oppressed minorities, a theoretical development already visible in James' thought in his discussions with Leon Trotsky which took place in 1939. An interest in such autonomous struggles came to take centre stage for the tendency. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...
There are multiple definitions of the term state capitalism. ...
Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
After 1945 the WP saw the prospects for a revolutionary upsurge as receding. The J-F Tendency, by contrast, were more enthused by prospects for mass struggles and came to the conclusion that the SWP, which they considered more proletarian than the WP, thought similarly to themselves about such prospects. Therefore, after a short few months as an independent group when they published a great deal of material for a small group, the J-F tendency joined the SWP in 1947. Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...
Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
James would still describe himself as a Leninist, despite his rejection of Lenin's conception of the vanguard role of the revolutionary party, and argue for socialists to support the emerging black nationalist movements. By 1949, he came to reject the idea of a vanguard party. This led his tendency to leave the Trotskyist movement and rename itself the Correspondence Publishing Committee. In 1955, nearly half the membership of Committee would leave under the leadership of Raya Dunayevskaya to form a separate tendency of Marxist-humanism and found the organization, News and Letters Committees. Whether Raya Dunayevskaya's faction constituted a majority or minority seems to be a matter of dispute. Historian Kent Worcester claims that Dunayevskaya's supporters formed a majority of the pre-split Correspondence Publishing Committee but Martin Glaberman has claimed in New Politics that the faction loyal to James had a majority. The Committee split again in 1962 as Grace Lee Boggs and James Boggs, two key activists, left to pursue a more Third Worldist approach. The remaining Johnsonites, including leading member Martin Glaberman reconstituted themselves as Facing Reality, which James advised from Britain until the group dissolved, against James' advice, in 1970. James' writings were influential in the development of Autonomist Marxism as a current within Marxist thought, though he himself saw his life's work as developing the theory and practice of Leninism. Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ...
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a...
Black nationalism is a political and social movement prominent in the 1960s and early 70s among African Americans in the United States. ...
1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...
A vanguard party is a political party or grassroot organization at the forefront of a mass action, movement, or revolution. ...
Correspondence Publishing Committee was a small far left organization led by C.L.R. James and Martin Glaberman that existed in the United States from approximately 1951 until it split in 1962. ...
The term Marxist humanism has as its foundation Marxs conception of the alienation of the labourer as he advances it in his Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844--an alienation that is born of a capitalist system in which the worker no longer functions as (what Marx terms) a...
News and Letters Committees is a small, revolutionary-socialist organization in the United States. ...
Martin Glaberman (December 13, 1918 - December 16, 2001) was an inflential Marxist, teacher, and autoworker. ...
New Politics is an independent socialist magazine founded by Phyllis and Julius Jacobson in 1961. ...
Grace Lee Boggs (born June 27, 1915) is an author, lifelong anti-racist activist and feminist. ...
James Boggs, born 1919, was a prominent African-American political activist, auto worker and author. ...
Facing Reality was a small far left group in the United States which existed from about 1962 until 1970. ...
Autonomism, or Autonomist Marxism is a left-wing political movement and theory. ...
Return to Trinidad and final years In 1953, James was forced to leave the US under threat of deportation for having overstayed his visa by over ten years. In his attempt to remain in the USA, James wrote a study of Herman Melville, Mariners, Renegades and Castaways: The Story of Herman Melville and the World We Live In, and had copies of the privately published work sent to every member of the Senate. He wrote the book whilst being detained on Ellis Island. He returned back to England and then, in 1958 returned to Trinidad, where he edited The Nation newspaper for the pro-independence People's National Movement (PNM) party. He also had become involved again in the Pan-African movement, believing that the Ghana revolution showed that decolonisation was the most important inspiration for international revolutionaries. Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Entry visa valid in Schengen treaty countries. ...
Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. ...
Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor, was at one time the main entry facility for immigrants entering the United States from January 1, 1892 until November 12, 1954. ...
Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The Peoples National Movement is the ruling conservative political party in Trinidad and Tobago. ...
Pan-Africanism is a term which can have two separate, but related meanings. ...
Ghana was previously called the Gold Coast, but was renamed Ghana upon independence in 1957, because of indications that the inhabitants were descended from migrants who moved south from the ancient Ghana Empire. ...
Colonialism in 1945 Decolonization refers to the achievement of independence by the various Western colonies and protectorates in Asia and Africa following World War II. This conforms with an intellectual movement known as Post-Colonialism. ...
James also advocated the West Indies Federation, and it was over this that he fell out with the PNM leadership. He returned to Britain, then to the USA in 1968, where he taught at the University of the District of Columbia. Ultimately, he returned to Britain and spent his last years in Brixton, London. In the 1970s and 1980s, a number of books by James were republished or reissued by Allison and Busby, including four volumes of selected writings: The Future In the Present, Spheres of Existence, At the Rendezvous of Victory and Cricket. Motto To dwell together in unity Anthem God Save the Queen Capital Chaguaramas Language(s) English Government Constitutional monarchy Queen Elizabeth II Governor-General Lord Hailes Prime minister Grantley Herbert Adams¹ History - Established January 3, 1958 - Disestablished May 31, 1962 Area - 1960 20,253 km2 7,820 sq mi Population...
Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1968 Gregorian calendar. ...
The University of the District of Columbia (also known as UDC) is a public university located in Washington, DC. The university was formed in 1977 through the amalgamation of the Federal City College and Washington Technical Institute - which had both been established in 1966 as the result of a study...
Brixton is an area of South London, England, part of the London Borough of Lambeth. ...
In 1983, a short British film featuring James in dialogue with the famous historian E.P. Thompson was made. Edward Palmer Thompson (1924-1993) was a historian probably best known for his work The Making of the English Working Class, which included his reassessment of the Luddite movement. ...
A public library in Hackney, London is named in his honor; in 2005 a reception there to mark its 20th anniversary was attended by his widow, Selma James. Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Writings on Cricket CLR James is most widely known as a writer on cricket, especially for his autobiographical 1963 book, Beyond a Boundary. This is considered a seminal work of cricket writing, and is often named as the best single book on cricket (or even the best book on any sport) ever written. [1] Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The book's key question, which is frequently quoted by modern journalists and essayists, is inspired by Rudyard Kipling and asks: What do they know of cricket who only cricket know? James uses this challenge as the basis for describing cricket in an historical and social context, the strong influence cricket had on his life, and how it meshed with his role in politics and his understanding of issues of class and race. The literary quality of the writing attracts cricketers of all political views. This article is about the British author. ...
While editor of The Nation, he led the successful campaign in 1960 to have Frank Worrell appointed as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team. Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell (born 1 August 1924, Bridgetown Barbados, died 13 March 1967, Kingston, Jamaica) was a West Indian cricketer and Jamaican senator. ...
Learie Constantine, was one of the first great West Indian players. ...
Bibliography Minty Alley is a groundbreaking novel written by [Trinidadian]] writer C. L. R. James in the late 1920s, and published by Frederick Warburg Secker & Warburg in 1936, as West Indian literature was starting to flourish. ...
François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture , also Toussaint Bréda, Toussaint-Louverture (c. ...
The Black Jacobins is a historical account of the Haitian (San Domingo) Revolution of 1791-1803 written by Jamaican writer and historian C.L.R. James. ...
Cornelius Castoriadis[1] (Greek: ΚοÏνήλιος ΚαστοÏιάδης) (March 11, 1922-December 26, 1997) was a Greek-French philosopher, economist and psychoanalyst. ...
Grace Lee Boggs (born June 27, 1915) is an author, lifelong anti-racist activist and feminist. ...
External links - Obituary: Constance Webb, Writer wife of CLR James by Caryl Phillips. The Guardian. Friday April 15, 2005. Retrieved April 15, 2005.
Alex Callinicos Alex Callinicos (born 1950 in South Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)) is a Marxist intellectual (a contradiction in terms) and a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Workers Party. ...
Caryl Phillips (born 13 March 1958) is a British writer with a Caribbean background, best known as a novelist. ...
The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...
Further reading - Buhle, Paul. CLR James. The Artist as Revolutionary. 1989.
- Buhle, Paul. (ed.) CLR James: His Life and Work. 1986.
- Glaberman, Martin. "C.L.R. James: A Recollection" New Politics #8 (Winter 1990), pp. 78-84.
- Glaberman, Martin, Marxism for our Times: C.L.R. James on Revolutionary Organisation.
- McClendon III, John H. CLR James's Notes on Dialectics: Left Hegelianism or Marxism-Leninism?. 2004.
- McLemee, Scott & Paul LeBlanc, eds. C.L.R. James and Revolutionary Marxism: Selected Writings of C.L.R. James 1939-1949. 1994.
- Webb, Constance. Not Without Love. 2003.
- Worcester, Kent. CLR James. A Political Biography. 1996.
- Young, James D. The World of C.L.R. James. The Unfragmented Vision. 1999.
- Bogues, Anthony. " The Early Political Thought of C.L.R. James " 1997.
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