Calcium chloride
IUPAC name	calcium chloride
Other names	calcium(II) chloride, calcium dichloride, E509
Identifiers
CAS number	10043-52-4
RTECS number	EV9800000, anhydrous
Properties
Molecular formula	CaCl2 CaCl2.2H2O [Dihydrate] CaCl2.4H2O [Tetrahydrate] CaCl2.6H2O [Hexahydrate]
Molar mass	110.99 g/mol, anhydrous 147.02 g/mol, dihydrate 182.04 g/mol, tetrahydrate 219.08 g/mol, hexahydrate
Appearance	white or colorless solid
Density	2.15 g/cm³, anhydrous 0.835 g/cm³, dihydrate 1.71 g/cm³, hexahydrate
Melting point	772 °C (anhydrous) Calcium chloride (anhydrous) This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... For other uses, see Density (disambiguation). ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ...
Boiling point	>1600 °C Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...
Solubility in water	74.5 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure	deformed rutile
Coordination geometry	octahedral, 6-coordinate
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Irritant (Xi)
NFPA 704	Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Enargite crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... Rutile is a mineral composed primarily of titanium dioxide, TiO2. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... An octahedron (plural: octahedra) is a polyhedron with eight faces. ... An example MSDS in a US format provides guidance for handling a hazardous substance and information on its composition and properties. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on calcium chloride. ... Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (as amended) is the main European Union law concerning chemical safety. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links NFPA_704. ... 0 1 0
R-phrases	R36
S-phrases	(S2), S22, S24
Related Compounds
Other anions	calcium fluoride calcium bromide calcium iodide
Other cations	magnesium chloride strontium chloride
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. It has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers. R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... Calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an insoluble ionic compound of calcium and fluorine. ... Calcium bromide (CaBr2) is a chemical compound of calcium and bromine. ... This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water. ... Strontium chloride (SrCl2) is a salt of strontium and chlorine. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on calcium chloride. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on calcium chloride. ... The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves) is reduced inside the medium. ... The relative dielectric constant of a material under given conditions is a measure of the extent to which it concentrates electrostatic lines of flux. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on calcium chloride. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on calcium chloride. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy) is the subset of spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. ... Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry (previously called mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or informally, mass-spec and MS) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... The plimsoll symbol as used in shipping In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). ... This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Deliquescent materials are substances (mostly salts) which have a strong affinity for moisture and will absorb relatively large amount of water from the atmosphere if exposed to it, forming a liquid solution. ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ... This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... A halide is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatide compound. ... For the sports equipment manufacturer, see Brine, Corp. ... This article is about water ice. ... For other uses, see Cement (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Limestone (disambiguation). ... Chemistry The Solvay process calcium carbonate: CaCO3 → CO2 + CaO The solid sodium bicarbonate is then filtered out and converted to sodium carbonate by heating it, recovering some carbon dioxide in the process: 2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 Meanwhile, ammonia is recovered from the ammonium chloride byproduct by treating the ammonium... A hygroscopic substance is a substance that absorbs water readily from its surroundings. ...

Chemical properties

Calcium chloride can serve as a source of calcium ions in solution, for instance for precipitation because many calcium compounds are insoluble: ... Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water This article is about chemical solutions. ... Look up chemical compound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Insoluble Not soluble ...

3 CaCl₂(aq) + 2 K₃PO₄(aq) → Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 KCl(aq) The first solvation shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. ... Potassium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of potassium and phosphate ions, namely potassium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium monohydrogen phosphate and potassium phosphate tribasic. ... The first solvation shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. ... Calcium phosphate is the name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43-), metaphosphates or pyrophosphates (P2O74-) and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions. ... For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ... The chemical compound potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide composed of potassium and chlorine. ... The first solvation shell of a sodium ion dissolved in water An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. ...

Molten CaCl₂ can be electrolysed to give calcium metal:
In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a method of separating chemically bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them. ... For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ...

CaCl₂(l) → Ca(s) + Cl₂(g) For other uses, see Liquid (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ... Gas can also refer to gasoline and natural gas and also hydrogen. ...

Preparation

Uses

Millions of tonnes of calcium chloride are made each year in the US alone, and it has a variety of applications: A tonne or metric ton (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms. ...

• It is listed as a permitted food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509.

• Because it is strongly hygroscopic, air or other gases may be channeled through a column of calcium chloride to remove moisture. In particular, calcium chloride is usually used to pack drying tubes to exclude atmospheric moisture from a reaction set-up while allowing gases to escape. It can also be added to liquids to remove suspended or dissolved water. In this capacity, it is known as a drying agent or desiccant. It is converted to a brine as it absorbs the water or water vapor from the substance to be dried:

CaCl₂ + 2 H₂O → CaCl₂·2H₂O

The dissolving process is highly exothermic and rapidly produces temperatures of around 60°C (140°F). This can result in burns if humans or other animals eat dry calcium chloride pellets. Small children are more susceptible to burns than adults (who generally have had experience trying to eat hot food, and can react accordingly), and calcium chloride pellets should be kept out of their reach.

• Aided by the intense heat evolved during its dissolution, calcium chloride is also used as an ice-melting compound. Unlike the more-common sodium chloride (rock salt or halite), it is relatively harmless to plants and soil. It is also more effective at lower temperatures than sodium chloride. When distributed for this use, it usually takes the form of small white balls a few millimetres in diameter, called prills (see picture at top of page).

• It is used in concrete mixes to help speed up the initial setting. However, chloride ion leads to corrosion of steel rebar, so it should not be used in reinforced concrete.^[1]

• It is used for dust control on some highways, as its hygroscopic nature keeps a liquid layer on the surface of the roadway, which holds dust down.^[2]

• Calcium chloride tastes extremely salty and is used as an ingredient in some foods, especially pickles, to give a salty taste while not increasing the food's sodium content.

• It's also used as an ingredient in canned vegetables to maintain firmness.

• Used as an additive in plastics.

• Used as an ingredient in the Cadbury Caramilk chocolate bar (reason unknown)

• Used as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment.

• Aqueous Calcium Chloride is used in genetic transformation of cells by increasing the cell membrane permeability. This allows DNA fragments to enter the cell more readily.

• Tire ballast
• Additive in fire extinguishers
• Additive to control scaffolding in blast furnaces

• It can be used to make ersatz caviar from vegetable or fruit juices.^[3]

• It is used in Smartwater and some sports drinks as an Electrolyte

• It is used to make fabric softener thinner.

• It is used in Emergency Medicine to treat Calcium Channel Blocker toxicity with overdoses of drugs such as Diltiazem (Cardizem). It is also used to treat certain electrolyte imbalances along with Calcium Gluconate.

• It is used in Nestle pure life bottled water for taste.

• It is also used to induce competence for DNA uptake in experiments involving uptake of DNA from outside the cell.

• It is used in many cheese recipes such as brie and stilton cheese.

• It is added to store-bought milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein for the purposes of making cheese

• It is used in many 'self heating' food products where it is activated (mixed) with water to start the heating process.

• It is used in Cardiac arrest PT's. It helps correct hyperkalemia, Hypocalcemia, Calcium channel blocker overdose.

A sequestrant is a food additive whose role is to improve the quality and stability of the food products. ... Firming agents are food additives added in order to precipitate residual pectin, thus strengthening the structure of the food and prevent its collapse during processing. ... For the mathematical constant see: E (mathematical constant). ... A hygroscopic substance is a substance that absorbs water readily from its surroundings. ... Look up air in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gas can also refer to gasoline and natural gas and also hydrogen. ... A picture is needed here. ... A dessicant is a hygroscopic substance that induces or sustains a state of dryness (desiccation) in its local vicinity in a moderately-well sealed container. ... For the sports equipment manufacturer, see Brine, Corp. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Water vapor or water vapour (see spelling differences), also aqueous vapor, is the gas phase of water. ... In thermodynamics, the word exothermic describes a process or reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. ... Celsius is, or relates to, the Celsius temperature scale (previously known as the centigrade scale). ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Burn. ... This article is about water ice. ... R-phrases 36 S-phrases none Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Other anions NaF, NaBr, NaI Other cations LiCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 Related salts Sodium acetate Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... For Halite Bittorrent client , see Halite Client. ... A prill is a small aggregate of a material, most often a dry pellet, usually formed from a liquid. ... A tied rebar beam cage. ... Reinforced concrete at Sainte Jeanne dArc Church (Nice, France): architect Jacques Dror, 1926–1933 Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete in some countries, is concrete in which reinforcement bars (rebars) or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen a material that would otherwise be brittle. ... A hygroscopic substance is a substance that absorbs water readily from its surroundings. ... Human taste sensory organs, called taste buds or gustatory calyculi, and concentrated on the upper surface of the tongue, appear to be receptive to relatively few chemical species as tastes. ... A deli pickle. ... For sodium in the diet, see Edible salt. ... Caramilk chocolate bar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Transfection. ... Fire extinguisher A fire extinguisher is a device used to put out a fire, often in an emergency situation. ... Blast furnace in Sestao, Spain. ... Ersatz is a German word literally meaning substitute or replacement. ... For the band of the same name, see Caviar (band). ... Glacéau is the brand name of a line of products sold by Energy Brands, Inc. ... An electrolyte is a substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrically conductive medium. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Diltiazem is a member of the group of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypertension or angina. ... Country of origin France Region, town Seine-et-Marne Source of milk Cows Pasteurised By law in the US and Australia, not in most of Europe Texture Soft-ripened Aging time at least 4 weeks Certification AOC, 1980, for both Brie de Meaux and Brie de Melun Brie is a... Country of origin  England Region, town Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire Source of milk Cows Pasteurised Yes Texture semi-soft, crumbly, creamier with increasing age Aging time 9 weeks minimum Certification PDO Stilton is a cheese of England. ...

Precautions

Calcium chloride is an irritant; wear gloves and goggles to protect hands and eyes; avoid inhalation.

Although calcium chloride is relatively safe to handle, care should be taken that it is not ingested. Calcium chloride reacts exothermically with water and can burn the mouth and esophagus. In chemistry, an exothermic reaction is one that releases heat . ... The esophagus (also spelled oesophagus/Å“sophagus, Greek ), or gullet is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. ...

DO NOT MIX WITH Sodium Bicarbonate!!!!! This will cause a precipitation to occur(a thickening and clouding of the medications). It is a cool thing to do in classrooms to show studants, yet NEVER do this on a PT!!!

References

1. ^ Accelerating Concrete Set Time (1 June 1999). Retrieved on January 16, 2007.
2. ^ Dust: Don't Eat It! Control It!. Road Management & Engineering Journal. US Roads (TranSafety Inc.) (1 June 1998). Retrieved on 9 August, 2006.
3. ^ Apple Caviar Technique. StarChefs Studio. StarChefs.com (April 2004). Retrieved on 9 August, 2006.

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General references

• Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition, Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
• Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990.

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 1184
• Calcium Chloride Handbook from Dow Chemical (pdf 1.6MB)
• Report on steel corrosion by chloride including CaCl₂