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The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world, with one of the most selective sets of entry requirements in the United Kingdom. It is widely considered one of the world's most elite universities. Download high resolution version (1181x1483, 116 KB)Cambridge University Shield - embossed. ...
Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ...
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
A financial endowment consists of funds or property donated to an institution or individual, with the stipulation that it be invested, and the principal remain intact. ...
University President is the title of the highest ranking officer within a university, within university systems that prefer that appellation over other variations such as Chancellor or rector. ...
The word rector (ruler, from the Latin regere) has a number of different meanings. ...
A University Chancellor is the title frequently used — particularly in Europe — to indicate the head of a university. ...
The Duke of Edinburgh The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (Philip Mountbatten, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark) (born 10 June 1921) is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. ...
A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a university in the United Kingdom, other Commonwealth countries, and some universities in Hong Kong, is the de facto head of the university. ...
Professor¹ Alison Fettes Richard (born in Kent, United Kingdom) is the current Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. ...
In an educational setting, a dean is a person with significant authority . ...
In some educational systems, an undergraduate is a post-secondary student pursuing a Bachelors degree. ...
A graduate school or grad school (American English), or, in British English a postgraduate school, is a school that awards advanced degrees, with the general requirement that students must have earned an undergraduate (bachelors) degree. ...
Map of the Cambridgeshire area (1904) The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ...
School colors are the colors chosen by a school to represent it on uniforms and other items of identification. ...
Mascots at the Mascot Olympics in Orlando, FL. A mascot is something, typically an animal or human character used to represent a group with a common public identity, such as a school, professional sports team (the name often corresponds with the mascot), society or corporation. ...
The Russell Group of universities is a self-selected group of large research-led British universities; 18 of its 19 members are in the top 20 in terms of research funding. ...
Founded in 1985 and formally constituted by Charter in 1987, the Coimbra Group is a network of European universities which gathers 39 of the older universities, including Oxford, Cambridge, Salamanca, Bristol, Leuven/Louvain, Montpellier, Uppsala, Göttingen, Heidelberg, Jagiellonian, Dublin, Bologna, Siena, Leiden, Coimbra, Barcelona and Granada. ...
The European University Association (EUA) is the main voice of the higher education community in Europe. ...
According to its mission statement, the League of European Research Universities (LERU) is a group of European research-intensive universities committed to the values of high quality teaching within an environment of internationally competitive research. ...
This is a list of the oldest extant universities in the world. ...
// History Because of the above definition, the oldest universities in the world were all European, as the awarding of academic degrees was not a custom of older institutions of learning in Asia and Africa. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Early records indicate that the university grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge, England, probably formed in 1209 by scholars escaping from Oxford after a fight with local townsmen. Map of the Cambridgeshire area (1904) The city of Cambridge is an old English university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire. ...
Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ...
Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ...
A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline. ...
The universities of Oxford and Cambridge, jointly referred to as Oxbridge, have since had a long history of competing with each other, and are typically regarded as the most elite and prestigious universities in the United Kingdom, and two of the most prestigious in the world (see Oxbridge rivalry). Historically, they have produced a significant proportion of the world's prominent scientists, writers and politicians. Oxbridge is a portmanteau name for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest in the United Kingdom and the English-speaking universe. ...
The University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, collectively known as Oxbridge, are the two oldest and most famous universities in England. ...
A scientist is a man who is an expert in at least one area of science and who uses the scientific method to do research. ...
The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ...
A politician is an individual involved in politics. ...
Affiliates of Cambridge University have won a total of 81 Nobel Prizes 1, more than any other university in the world 2. Of these, 70 had attended Cambridge as undergraduates or graduate students, rather than as research associates, fellows, or professors. (The University of Chicago has the second highest number of affiliated Nobel Prize winners — 78 or arguably 79 — but only 30 had been students there.) Nobel Prizes have always been a source of pride for universities, suggesting their excellence in teaching or in providing research opportunities. ...
The University of Chicago is a private university primarily located in the Hyde Park neigborhood of Chicago, Illinois, founded in 1890, doors opened in 1892. ...
Cambridge University has produced some of the most influential scientists of the last few centuries: among those who have had a significant impact on human thinking are Newton (theory of gravitation), Darwin (theory of evolution), Harvey (circulation of the blood), Dirac (modern quantum mechanics), Thomson (discovery of the electron), Rutherford (nuclear structure of the atom), Maxwell (electromagnetic theory), Watson & Crick (the structure of DNA), Whittle (invention of the jet engine), and Turing (theory of computation). Sir Isaac Newton, PRS (4 January [O.S. 25 December 1642] 1643 – 31 March [O.S. 20 March] 1727) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, inventor and natural philosopher who is regarded by many as the most influential scientist in history. ...
In his lifetime Charles Darwin gained international fame as an influential scientist examining controversial topics. ...
William Harvey (1578–1657) was a medical doctor who is credited with first correctly describing, in exact detail, the properties of blood being pumped around the body by the heart. ...
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac, OM (IPA: [dɪræk]) (August 8, 1902 – October 20, 1984) was a British theoretical physicist and a founder of the field of quantum physics. ...
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Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS (August 30, 1871 - October 19, 1937), called father of nuclear physics, pioneered the orbital theory of the atom notably in his discovery of rutherford scattering off the nucleus with his gold foil experiment. ...
James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831–November 5, 1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh. ...
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule. ...
Professor Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British physicist, molecular biologist and neuroscientist, most noted for being one of the co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953. ...
Frank Whittle speaking to employees of NASA Glenn Research Center, USA, in 1946 Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE (1 June 1907–9 August 1996) was a Royal Air Force officer who invented the jet engine. ...
Alan Turing is often considered the father of modern computer science. ...
The university has often topped league tables ranking British universities (for instance, it was ranked first on the Sunday Times league table in 2005, a position it has occupied for 8 years running), and recent international league tables produced by The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University rated Cambridge third 3 and second 4 in the world respectively. The THES also ranked Cambridge first in science, second in biomedicine, third in the arts & humanities, sixth in technology, and eighth in social sciences. (Note that all university rankings are subject to controversy over their criteria; and that the THES and Jiao Tong tables are the only international rankings available). League Tables of British Universities, which rank the performances of universities in Great Britain on a number of criteria, have been published every year by The Times newspaper since the early 1990s. ...
The Sunday Times is a Sunday broadsheet newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Ireland, published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News International which is in turn owned by News Corporation. ...
The Times Higher Education Supplement, also known as The Times Higher or The THES for short, is a newspaper based in London that reports specifically on issues related to higher education. ...
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, (SJTU, 上海交通大å¸), abbreviated Jiao Da (交大),is one of the oldest and most influential universities in the Peoples Republic of China. ...
The lunar farside as seen from Apollo 11 Natural science is the study of the physical, nonhuman aspects of the Earth and the universe around us. ...
See also Medical doctor (BE), Physician (AE), and Medical school. ...
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of ice cream cones and fairy dances. ...
Cambridge also has arguably the greatest endowment of any European university. Approximate estimates in 2005 ranged from £2.7 billion to £3.1 billion[1]. This figure includes the colleges and affiliated university organizations - the share directly tied to the university itself exceeds £1 billion. (Estimates of Oxford's endowment (including its colleges) ranged from around £2.4bn to £2.9bn [2]in 2005; the Central European University in Budapest claims to have the next largest European university endowment at over €400 million in 2005). However, the university's income is largely reliant on funding by the UK government. In comparison to US universities, Cambridge's level of endowment is roughly equivalent to that of Columbia University. The pound sterling is the official currency of the United Kingdom (UK). ...
Central European University is a university in Budapest, Hungary. ...
Nickname: Pearl or Queen of the Danube Motto: {{{motto}}} Official website: www. ...
The euro (€; ISO 4217 code EUR) is the currency of twelve European Union member states: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. ...
Columbia University is a private university in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. ...
Cambridge is a member of the Russell Group, a network of large, research-led British universities, the Coimbra Group, an association of leading European universities, and the LERU, the League of European Research Universities. The Russell Group of universities is a self-selected group of large research-led British universities; 18 of its 19 members are in the top 20 in terms of research funding. ...
Founded in 1985 and formally constituted by Charter in 1987, the Coimbra Group is a network of European universities which gathers 39 of the older universities, including Oxford, Cambridge, Salamanca, Bristol, Leuven/Louvain, Montpellier, Uppsala, Göttingen, Heidelberg, Jagiellonian, Dublin, Bologna, Siena, Leiden, Coimbra, Barcelona and Granada. ...
According to its mission statement, the League of European Research Universities (LERU) is a group of European research-intensive universities committed to the values of high quality teaching within an environment of internationally competitive research. ...
General information The thirty-one colleges of the university are technically institutions independent of the university itself and enjoy considerable autonomy. For example, colleges decide which students they are to admit, and appoint their own fellows (senior members). They are responsible for the domestic arrangements and welfare of students and for small group teaching, referred to at the university as supervisions. In Cambridge, "the university" often means the University as opposed to the Colleges. Download high resolution version (1081x768, 170 KB)The town centre of Cambridge with the University Church (Great St Marys) on the right, the Senate House of Cambridge University on the left, and Gonville and Caius College in the middle at the back. ...
Download high resolution version (1081x768, 170 KB)The town centre of Cambridge with the University Church (Great St Marys) on the right, the Senate House of Cambridge University on the left, and Gonville and Caius College in the middle at the back. ...
The Senate House of the University of Cambridge in the centre of the city is used mainly for degree ceremonies and formerly for meetings of the Council of the Senate. ...
Full name Gonville and Caius College Motto Named after Edmund Gonville & John Caius Previous names Gonville Hall (1348), Gonville & Caius (1557) Established 1348 Sister College(s) Brasenose College Master Neil McKendrick (Lent 2006: Sir Christopher Hum) Location Trinity St Undergraduates 468 Postgraduates 291 Homepage Boatclub Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge...
This is a list of the colleges within the University of Cambridge. ...
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. ...
A tutorial may simply refer to a list of instructions or tips for how to do any of a wide variety of tasks. ...
The current Chancellor of the university is HRH The Duke of Edinburgh. The current Vice-Chancellor is Professor Alison Richard. The office of Chancellor, who holds office for life, is mainly symbolic, while the Vice-Chancellor (as is usual at British universities) is the real executive chief. The University is governed entirely by its own members, with no outside representation in its governing bodies. Ultimate authority lies with the Regent House, of which all current Cambridge academic staff are members, but most business is carried out by the Council. The Senate consists of all holders of the M.A. degree or higher degrees. It elects the Chancellor; until their abolition in 1950, it elected Members to the House of Commons for Cambridge University, but otherwise has not had a major role since 1926. A University Chancellor is the title frequently used — particularly in Europe — to indicate the head of a university. ...
The Duke of Edinburgh The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (Philip Mountbatten, formerly Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark) (born 10 June 1921) is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. ...
A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a university in the United Kingdom, other Commonwealth countries, and some universities in Hong Kong, is the de facto head of the university. ...
Professor¹ Alison Fettes Richard (born in Kent, United Kingdom) is the current Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. ...
The Regent House is the name given to the governing body of the University of Cambridge. ...
1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and is now the dominant branch of Parliament. ...
History Roger of Wendover wrote that Cambridge University could trace its origins to a crime committed in 1209. Although not always a reliable source, the detail given in his contemporaneous writings lends them credence. Two Oxford scholars were convicted of the murder or manslaughter of a woman and were hanged by the town authorities with the assent of the King. In protest at the hanging, the University of Oxford went into voluntary suspension, and scholars migrated to a number of other locations, including the pre-existing school at Cambridge (Cambridge had been recorded as a "school" rather than University when John Grim held the office of Master there in 1201). These post-graduate researchers from Oxford started Cambridge's life as a University in 1209. Cambridge's status as a University is further confirmed by a decree in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX which awarded the ius non trahi extra (a form of legal protection) to the chancellor and universitas of scholars at Cambridge. After Cambridge was recognised by papal bull as a studium generale by Pope Nicholas IV in 1290, it became common for researchers from other European medieval universities to come and visit Cambridge to study or to give lecture courses. (Oxford did not receive the papal award of ius non trahi extra until 1254 and was never given papal recognition as a studium generale despite repeated requests). Roger of Wendover (d. ...
Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
// Events The town of Riga was chartered as a city. ...
Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ...
// Events Fortress of Kalan built. ...
Gregory IX, né Ugolino di Conti (Anagni, ca. ...
Studium Generale is the old name for a medieval university which was registered as an institution of international excellence by the Holy Roman Empire. ...
Nicholas IV, né Girolamo Masci (Lisciano, a small village near Ascoli Piceno, September 30, 1227 – April 4, 1292), was pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. ...
For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ...
The first European medieval universities were established in Italy and France in the late 12th and early 13th Century for the study of arts, law, medicine, and theology. ...
For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ...
Colleges were originally an incidental feature of the system: no college is as old as the university itself. They were endowed fellowships of scholars. There were also institutions without endowments, which were called Hostels at Cambridge but Halls at Oxford (which causes confusion since the terms College and Hall were used interchangeably in Cambridge).
The first college to be founded was Peterhouse, established in 1284 by Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely. Many of the colleges were founded during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but colleges continued to be established throughout the centuries that followed, right up to modern times. The most recent college to be established is Robinson, which was built in the late 1970s. In 2004, there were newspaper reports that Cambridge was planning on expanding its student numbers by adding three new colleges, but this has been denied by the university. A full list of colleges is given below. Full name Peterhouse Motto - Named after St Peter Previous names The Scholars of the Bishop of Ely St Peters College Established 1284 Sister College(s) Merton College Master The Lord Wilson of Tillyorn Location Trumpington Street Undergraduates 270 Postgraduates 125 Homepage Boatclub The chapel cloisters, through which Old Court...
// Events War and politics King Charles II of Naples is captured in a naval battle off Naples by Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon. ...
Hugh de Balsham (d. ...
A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ...
There are other places also called Ely. ...
Full name Robinson College Motto - Named after Sir David Robinson Previous names - Established 1977 Sister College St Catherines College Warden (Anthony) David Yates Location Grange Road Undergraduates 390 Graduates 96 Homepage Boatclub Robinson College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge. ...
The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...
2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In medieval times, colleges were founded so that their students would pray for the souls of the founders. For that reason, they were often associated with chapels or abbeys. However, in 1536, in conjunction with the dissolution of the monasteries, King Henry VIII ordered the university to disband its Faculty of Canon Law and to stop teaching "scholastic philosophy." This led to a change in the focus of the colleges' curricula — away from canon law and towards the classics, the Bible, and mathematics. Events February 2 - Spaniard Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
The Dissolution of the Monasteries (referred to by Roman Catholic writers as the Suppression of the Monasteries) was the formal process, taking place between 1538 and 1541, by which King Henry VIII confiscated the property of the Roman Catholic monastic institutions in England and took them to himself, as the...
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ...
The Ancient Library American Philological Association LAnnée philologique Bibliotheca Augustana Classical associations worldwide at the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge. ...
The Bible (sometimes The Book, Good Book, Word of God, The Word, or Scripture), from Greek (τα) βιβλια, (ta) biblia, (the) books, is the classical name for the Hebrew Bible of Judaism or the combination of the Old Testament and New Testament of Christianity (The Bible actually refers to at least two...
Mathematics is often defined as the study of topics such as quantity, structure, space, and change. ...
A Cambridge exam for the Bachelor of Arts degree, the main first degree at Cambridge in both arts and science subjects, is known as a Tripos. Although the university now offers courses in a large number of subjects, it had a particularly strong emphasis on mathematics from the time of Isaac Newton until the mid-19th century, and study of this subject was compulsory for graduation. Students awarded first-class honours after completing the maths course were named wranglers. The mathematics Tripos was competitive and helped produce some of the most famous names in British science, including James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin, and Lord Rayleigh. However, some famous students, such as G. H. Hardy, disliked the system, feeling that people were too interested in accumulating marks in exams and not interested in the subject itself. Despite diversifying its research and teaching interests, Cambridge today maintains its strength in mathematics. The Isaac Newton Institute, part of the university, is widely regarded as the UK's national research institute for maths and theoretical physics. Cambridge alumni have won eight Fields Medals and one Abel Prize for mathematics. Download high resolution version (1025x768, 217 KB)The west end of Kings College Chapel seen from The Backs. ...
Download high resolution version (1025x768, 217 KB)The west end of Kings College Chapel seen from The Backs. ...
Full name Clare College Motto - Named after Elizabeth de Clare Previous names University Hall (1326), Clare Hall (1338), Clare College (1856) Established 1326 Sister College Oriel College St Hughs College Master Prof. ...
Full name The Kings College of Our Lady and St Nicholas Motto Veritas Et Utilitas Truth and usefulness Named after Henry VI Previous names - Established 1441 Sister College(s) New College Acting Provost Dr Tess Adkins Location Kings Parade Undergraduates 397 Postgraduates 239 Homepage Boatclub The Gatehouse, built...
The Backs, or the Backs of the Colleges refers to an area of Cambridge at the rear of several colleges by the River Cam. ...
A Bachelor of Arts (B.A. or A.B., from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or program in the arts and/or sciences. ...
TRIPOS is a computer operating system. ...
Sir Isaac Newton, PRS (4 January [O.S. 25 December 1642] 1643 – 31 March [O.S. 20 March] 1727) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, inventor and natural philosopher who is regarded by many as the most influential scientist in history. ...
The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme used to distinguish between the achievements of undergraduate degree holders (such as those gaining bachelors degrees or undergraduate masters degrees) in the United Kingdom. ...
At the University of Cambridge in England, a wrangler is a student who has completed the third year (called Part II) of the mathematical tripos with first-class honours. ...
James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831–November 5, 1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh. ...
The Right Honourable William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, GCVO, OM, PC, PRS (26 June 1824–17 December 1907) was a Scottish-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer, an outstanding leader in the physical sciences of the 19th century. ...
Lord Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (November 12, 1842 - June 30, 1919) was a British physicist who (with William Ramsay) discovered the element argon, an achievement that earned him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. ...
G. H. Hardy Professor Godfrey Harold Hardy FRS (February 7, 1877 – December 1, 1947) was a prominent British mathematician, known for his achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. ...
Opened in 1992, the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences is the United Kingdoms de facto national research institute for mathematics and theoretical physics. ...
The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to up to four mathematicians (not over forty years of age) at each International Congress of International Mathematical Union (therefore once every four years), since 1936 and regularly since 1950 at the initiative of the Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields. ...
The Abel Prize is awarded annually by the King of Norway to outstanding mathematicians. ...
Originally, all students were male. The first colleges for women were Girton College in 1869 and Newnham College in 1872. The first women students were examined in 1882 but attempts to make women full members of the university did not succeed until 1947, 20 years later than at Oxford. It is sometimes stated that Cambridge did not give degrees to women until this date; although true this is misleading. From the nineteenth century women were allowed to study courses, sit examinations, and have the result recorded; this was treated by other institutions as a degree. In the twentieth century women could be given a "titular degree". The difference was that without a full degree women were excluded from the governing of the university. Hence it was a denial of the vote rather than of a qualification. Because it was necessary to belong to a residential college, and all the old colleges were for men only, the number of women students was severely limited by the smaller number of women's colleges until the 1960s, when the men's colleges began to go mixed. One women's college (Girton) went mixed, but the others took the view that until the gender ratio problem was completely solved they should not limit the number of women's places by admitting men. Full name Girton College Motto - Named after Girton Village Previous names The College for Women (1869), Girton College (1872) Established 1869 Sister College Somerville College Mistress Dame Marylin Strathern Location Huntingdon Road Undergraduates 503 Graduates 201 Homepage Boatclub Girton College lies on the extremity of Cambridge Girton College was established...
1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Full name Newnham College Motto - Named after Its location in the village of Newnham Previous names Newnham Hall Established 1871 Sister College(s) Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Principal The Lady ONeill of Bengarve Location Sidgwick Avenue Undergraduates 396 Postgraduates 120 Homepage Boatclub A view of the Clough and Kennedy...
1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...
1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
Of the current 31 colleges, 28 are mixed, while three admit women only (Lucy Cavendish, New Hall and Newnham). Two colleges admit graduate students only (Clare Hall and Darwin) and three colleges admit only graduate or mature undergraduate students (Wolfson, Lucy Cavendish and St Edmund's). Full name Lucy Cavendish College Motto - Named after Lucy Cavendish Previous names - Established 1965 Sister College None President Dame Veronica Sutherland Location Lady Margaret Road Undergraduates 106 Graduates 116 Homepage Boatclub Lucy Cavendish College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge with a focus on the needs of...
Full name New Hall Motto - Named after - Previous names - Established 1954 Sister College St Annes College President Anne Lonsdale Location Huntingdon Road Undergraduates 377 Graduates 74 Homepage Boatclub New Hall is a womens college in the University of Cambridge. ...
Full name Newnham College Motto - Named after Its location in the village of Newnham Previous names Newnham Hall Established 1871 Sister College(s) Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Principal The Lady ONeill of Bengarve Location Sidgwick Avenue Undergraduates 396 Postgraduates 120 Homepage Boatclub A view of the Clough and Kennedy...
Full name Clare Hall Motto - Named after Clare College Previous names - Established 1966, 1984 Sister College St Cross College President Prof. ...
Full name Darwin College Motto - Named after The Darwin Family Previous names - Established 1964 Sister College(s) Wolfson College Master Prof. ...
Full name Wolfson College Motto Ring True Named after The Wolfson Foundation Previous names University College, Wolfson College (1972) Established 1965 Sister College Linacre College President Dr Gordon Johnson Location Barton Road Undergraduates 90 Graduates 510 Homepage Boatclub Wolfson College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of...
Full name Lucy Cavendish College Motto - Named after Lucy Cavendish Previous names - Established 1965 Sister College None President Dame Veronica Sutherland Location Lady Margaret Road Undergraduates 106 Graduates 116 Homepage Boatclub Lucy Cavendish College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge with a focus on the needs of...
Full name Saint Edmunds College Motto - Named after St Edmund of Abingdon Previous names St. ...
Research and Teaching The University has research departments and teaching faculties in most academic disciplines. Traditionally, Cambridge tends to have a slight bias towards more scientific subjects, but it also has a number of very strong humanities and social science faculties. Cambridge has a distinctive supervision system (with a teacher-student ratio varying between one-to-one and one-to-three) for the teaching of undergraduates (typically by academic staff, and often by graduate students in the larger subjects), very similar to the tutorial system at Oxford. All research and lectures are conducted by University Departments; the Colleges are in charge of giving, or at least arranging, the supervisions, as well as accommodation and most extra-curricula activities. Over the past decade there has been a building boom within Cambridge University, with a substantial number of new specialist research laboratories being built at several University sites around the city. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Science For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ...
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view. ...
The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of ice cream cones and fairy dances. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
See also: Departments in the University of Cambridge
Admission Undergraduate admission to Cambridge colleges used to depend on knowledge of Latin and Ancient Greek, subjects taught principally in the United Kingdom at fee-paying schools, called public schools. This tended to mean that students came predominantly from members of the British social elite. The admission process was changed and modernized in the 1960s. Aspiring students are now usually expected to be predicted at least 3 A-grade A-level qualifications relevant to the undergraduate course they are applying for. In addition to predicted grades, College Fellows also select candidates on unexamined factors such as potential for original thinking and creativity as expressed in extra-curricular activities and at interview - in a few cases, candidates may be offered an unconditional place. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...
Ancient Greek refers to the stage in the history of the Greek language corresponding to Classical Antiquity, which normally applies on two ancient periods of Greek history: Archaic and Classic Greece. ...
An Independent school in the United Kingdom is a school that relies for all or most of its funding on non-governmental sources. ...
An A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education usually taken during Further Education and after GCSEs. ...
In addition, in recent years admissions tutors in certain subjects have required applicants to sit the more difficult STEP papers in addition to achieving top grades in their A-levels or international Baccalaureate diplomas. For example Peterhouse College Cambridge requires 1 and 2 or better in STEP for as well as A grades at A-levels including A-level Mathematics and Further Mathematics in order to be considered for entry for the Mathematical Tripos. Between one-half and two-thirds of those who apply with the correct grades are given offers of a place in that case. However, there is still considerable public debate the United Kingdom over whether admissions processes at Oxford and Cambridge are entirely meritocratic and fair, and whether enough students from state schools are encouraged to apply to Cambridge, and whether they succeed in gaining entry. Almost half of the successful applicants come from public schools, but the average qualifications for these successful applicants are higher than for successful applicants from state schools. The lack of state school applicants to Cambridge and Oxford has been considered to have a negative impact on Oxbridge's reputation for many years, and the University has put substantial amounts of effort and money into encouraging pupils from state schools to apply for Cambridge and thus help redress the balance. Other critics counter that excessive government pressure to increase state school admissions may be an inappropriate and damaging form of social engineering. Sixth Term Examination Papers in Mathematics, often referred to as STEP (or redundantly as STEP papers), are examinations set by the University of Cambridge in England to assess applicants for its undergraduate mathematics course. ...
The International Baccalaureate (IB) is a group of three educational programmes and their respective examinations, as established by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). ...
State school is an expression used in the United Kingdom and other countries apart from the United States to distinguish schools provided by the government from public schools which are in fact private institutions. ...
For a similar concept in a different discipline see Social engineering (computer security). ...
Graduate admission is decided by the faculty or department relating to the applicant's subject — following this, admission to a college (probably but not necessarily the applicant's preferred choice) is guaranteed.
Sports and recreation There is a long tradition at Cambridge of student participation in sports and recreational pursuits. Rowing is a particularly popular sport and there are competitions between colleges (notably the bumps races) and against Oxford (the Boat Race). There are also Varsity matches against Oxford in many other sports, including rugby, cricket, chess and tiddlywinks. Representing the university in certain sports entitles the athlete to apply for a Cambridge Blue at the discretion of a Blues Committee consisting of the captains of the thirteen most prestigious sports. There is also the self-described "unashamedly elite" Hawks Club, whose membership is usually restricted to Cambridge blues or half-blues. A coxless pair, sweep-oar rowing to the left of the photo; the bowside rower (or the starboard one, although the British term applied on this occasion) is further towards the bow of the boat. ...
Corpus bumps Girton at the 2005 May Bumps in Cambridge A bumps race is a form of rowing race in which a number of boats chase each other in single file; each boat attempts to catch the boat in front without being caught by the boat behind. ...
Boat Race Logo Exhausted crews at the finish of the 2002 Boat Race The Boat Race is a rowing race between the rowing clubs of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. ...
A varsity match refers to a sporting fixture between two university rivals. ...
Argentina-France Rugby Union match Rugby football refers to sports descended from a common form of football developed at Rugby School. ...
For the insect, see Cricket (insect). ...
Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-09-05, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...
Tiddlywinks is a game played with sets of small, thin discs (called winks) lying on a hard surface. ...
A Blue is earned by sportsmen at Cambridge University in one of thirteen designated sports (e. ...
The Hawks Club is a members only club founded in 1872 by members of the University of Cambridge. ...
The Cambridge Union is a focus for politics and debating. There are also many drama societies, notably the Amateur Dramatic Club (ADC) and the comedy club Footlights. Student newspapers include the long-established Varsity and its younger rival, The Cambridge Student; broadcast journalism is represented by the student-run radio station, CUR1350. The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Cambridge Union, is one of the largest student societies at the University of Cambridge and one of the oldest in the world. ...
Cambridge University Footlights Dramatic Club, commonly referred to simply as the Footlights, is an amateur theatrical club in Cambridge, England, run by the students of Cambridge University. ...
Varsity is the older of Cambridge Universitys main student newspapers (The Cambridge Student is the other, younger, one). ...
The Cambridge Student (TCS) is the younger of Cambridge Universitys main student newspapers (Varsity being the other). ...
CUR1350 (formerly known as Cambridge University Radio) is a student-run radio station at the University of Cambridge. ...
Myths and legends There are a number of popular myths associated with Cambridge University and its history, some of which should be taken less seriously than others. Photograph of the Mathematical Bridge over the River Cam at the University of Cambridge, showing punters on the river. ...
Photograph of the Mathematical Bridge over the River Cam at the University of Cambridge, showing punters on the river. ...
The Mathematical Bridge The Mathematical Bridge is the popular but spurious name of a wooden bridge across the River Cam, and part of Queens College, Cambridge. ...
Full name The Queens College of Saint Margaret and Saint Bernard, commonly called Queens College, in the University of Cambridge Motto Floreat Domus May this House Flourish Named after - Previous names - Established 1448 Sister College Pembroke College President Lord Eatwell Location Silver Street Undergraduates 490 Graduates 270 Homepage Boatclub...
One famous myth relates to Queens' College's so-called Mathematical Bridge (pictured right), which was supposedly constructed by Sir Isaac Newton to hold itself together without any bolts or screws. It was also supposedly taken apart by inquisitive students who were then unable to reassemble it without the use of bolts. The story is false, as the bridge was erected 22 years after Newton's death. It is thought that this myth arises from the fact that earlier versions of the bridge used iron pins and screws at the joints, whereas the current bridge uses nuts and bolts, which are more visible. Full name The Queens College of Saint Margaret and Saint Bernard, commonly called Queens College, in the University of Cambridge Motto Floreat Domus May this House Flourish Named after - Previous names - Established 1448 Sister College Pembroke College President Lord Eatwell Location Silver Street Undergraduates 490 Graduates 270 Homepage Boatclub...
The Mathematical Bridge The Mathematical Bridge is the popular but spurious name of a wooden bridge across the River Cam, and part of Queens College, Cambridge. ...
A true legend is that of the wooden spoon, which was the 'prize' awarded to the student with the lowest passing grade in the final examinations of the Mathematical Tripos. The last of many spoons was awarded in 1909 to Cuthbert Lempriere Holthouse, an oarsman of the Lady Margaret Boat Club of St John's College. It was over one metre in length, with an oar blade for a handle. From 1910, results were published alphabetically within class as opposed to score order, which made it harder to ascertain who the winner of the spoon was (unless there was only one person in the third class), and so reluctantly the practice was abandoned. A Wooden Spoon is a mock or real award, usually given to an individual or team which has come last in a competition, but sometimes also to runners-up. ...
1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Full name The College of Saint John the Evangelist of the University of Cambridge Motto - Named after The Hospital of Saint John the Evangelist, Cambridge, named after John the Evangelist Previous names - Established 1511 Sister College(s) Balliol College, Oxford Trinity College, Dublin Master Prof. ...
More recently, the legend of the Austin Seven delivery van which "went up in the world" is recounted in detail on the Caius College website. [3] Full name Gonville and Caius College Motto Named after Edmund Gonville & John Caius Previous names Gonville Hall (1348), Gonville & Caius (1557) Established 1348 Sister College(s) Brasenose College Master Neil McKendrick (Lent 2006: Sir Christopher Hum) Location Trinity St Undergraduates 468 Postgraduates 291 Homepage Boatclub Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge...
Miscellaneous Building on its reputation for science and technology, Cambridge has a partnership with MIT in the United States, the Cambridge-MIT Institute. The university is also closely linked with many of the high-tech businesses in and around Cambridge, which form the area known as Silicon Fen. Cambridge businesses and the university have also been financially supported by several prominent figures in the technology world, including Gordon Moore of Intel Corporation and Bill Gates of Microsoft. In 2000, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation set up the Gates Scholarships to help students from outside the UK study at Cambridge. The University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory is also housed in a building partly funded by Gates and named after him. St Johns College, Cambridge New Court (19th-century) Photo by Harry Tubbs I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
St Johns College, Cambridge New Court (19th-century) Photo by Harry Tubbs I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Full name The College of Saint John the Evangelist of the University of Cambridge Motto - Named after The Hospital of Saint John the Evangelist, Cambridge, named after John the Evangelist Previous names - Established 1511 Sister College Balliol College Master Prof. ...
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a research and educational institution located in the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT is a world leader in science and technology, as well as in many other fields, including management, economics, linguistics, political science, and philosophy. ...
The Cambridge-MIT Institute, or CMI, is a partnership between the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...
Silicon Fen is the name given to the region around Cambridge, England, which is home to a large number of high-tech businesses. ...
Gordon Moore This article is about the co-founder of Intel and coiner of what became Moores law. ...
The following article is about the multinational corporation; intel is also an abbreviation for intelligence, used in reference to military intelligence and espionage. ...
William Henry Bill Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman, and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, the worlds largest computer software company. ...
Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKEx: 4338) is the worlds largest software company, with 2005 global annual sales of 40 billion US dollars and nearly 60,000 employees in more than 90 countries and regions. ...
This article is about the year 2000. ...
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the worlds largest charitable foundation. ...
The Gates Cambridge Scholarships were established by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2000, with a $210 million endowment. ...
The William Gates Building, which currently houses the Computer Laboratory The Computer Laboratory (CL) at Cambridge is the University of Cambridges computer science department. ...
In the Meiji Era (1868-1912), several Japanese students studied at the university.[4]. In Japan, there is a Cambridge and Oxford Society[5], a rare example of the name Cambridge coming before Oxford when the two universities are referred to together — traditionally, the order used when referring to both universities is "Oxford and Cambridge", even though "C" precedes "O" in the Latin alphabet. The probable reason for this inversion is that the Cambridge Club was founded first in Japan, and it also had more members than its Oxford counterpart when they amalgamated in 1905. History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei The Meiji period (Japanese: Meiji Jidai 明治時代 ) (1868–1912...
1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
Each Christmas Eve, BBC television and radio broadcasts The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols by the Choir of King's College Chapel, Cambridge - a national Christmas tradition which was first transmitted in 1928. The Christmas Eve (1904-05), watercolor painting by the Swedish painter Carl Larsson (1853-1919) Christmas Eve, December 24, the day before Christmas Day, is treated to a greater or a lesser extent in most Christian societies as part of the Christmas festivities. ...
Corporate logo of the British Broadcasting Corporation The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the national public service broadcaster of the United Kingdom (see British television). ...
The Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols is a format of Christian worship service celebrating the birth of Jesus and traditionally followed at Christmas. ...
A choir or chorus is a musical ensemble of singers. ...
Kings College Chapel (partially obscured by the Gibbs Building), seen from The Backs Fan vaulting diagram Kings College Chapel is the chapel to Kings College of the University of Cambridge, and is one of the finest examples of late English Gothic architecture. ...
Colleges - Main articles: Colleges of the University of Cambridge, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]
The University of Cambridge currently has 31 colleges, of which three admit only women (New Hall, Newnham and Lucy Cavendish). The remaining 28 are mixed, Magdalene being the last all-male college to admit women in 1988. Two colleges admit only postgraduates (Clare Hall and Darwin), and four more admit mainly mature students or graduate students (Hughes Hall, Lucy Cavendish, St Edmund's and Wolfson). The other 25 colleges admit mainly undergraduate students, but also postgraduates following courses of study or research. Although various colleges are traditionally strong in a particular subject, for example Churchill has a bias towards the sciences, the colleges all admit students from just about the whole range of subjects, although some colleges do not take students for a handful of subjects such as architecture or history of art. Photograph of Cambridge colleges seen from St Johns College Chapel Photo by Bob Tubbs I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Photograph of Cambridge colleges seen from St Johns College Chapel Photo by Bob Tubbs I, the creator of this image, hereby release it into the public domain. ...
Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kings Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street...
Full name Gonville and Caius College Motto Named after Edmund Gonville & John Caius Previous names Gonville Hall (1348), Gonville & Caius (1557) Established 1348 Sister College(s) Brasenose College Master Neil McKendrick (Lent 2006: Sir Christopher Hum) Location Trinity St Undergraduates 468 Postgraduates 291 Homepage Boatclub Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge...
Full name College of Scholars of the Holy Trinity of Norwich Motto - Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names - Established 1350 Sister College(s) University College All Souls College Master Prof. ...
Full name Clare College Motto - Named after Elizabeth de Clare Previous names University Hall (1326), Clare Hall (1338), Clare College (1856) Established 1326 Sister College Oriel College St Hughs College Master Prof. ...
Full name The Kings College of Our Lady and St Nicholas Motto Veritas Et Utilitas Truth and usefulness Named after Henry VI Previous names - Established 1441 Sister College(s) New College Acting Provost Dr Tess Adkins Location Kings Parade Undergraduates 397 Postgraduates 239 Homepage Boatclub The Gatehouse, built...
Full name The College of Saint John the Evangelist of the University of Cambridge Motto - Named after The Hospital of Saint John the Evangelist, Cambridge, named after John the Evangelist Previous names - Established 1511 Sister College Balliol College Master Prof. ...
The Senate House of the University of Cambridge in the centre of the city is used mainly for degree ceremonies and formerly for meetings of the Council of the Senate. ...
This is a list of the colleges within the University of Cambridge. ...
Full name New Hall Motto - Named after - Previous names - Established 1954 Sister College St Annes College President Anne Lonsdale Location Huntingdon Road Undergraduates 377 Graduates 74 Homepage Boatclub New Hall is a womens college in the University of Cambridge. ...
Full name Newnham College Motto - Named after Its location in the village of Newnham Previous names Newnham Hall Established 1871 Sister College(s) Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Principal The Lady ONeill of Bengarve Location Sidgwick Avenue Undergraduates 396 Postgraduates 120 Homepage Boatclub A view of the Clough and Kennedy...
Full name Lucy Cavendish College Motto - Named after Lucy Cavendish Previous names - Established 1965 Sister College None President Dame Veronica Sutherland Location Lady Margaret Road Undergraduates 106 Graduates 116 Homepage Boatclub Lucy Cavendish College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge with a focus on the needs of...
Full name The College of Saint Mary Magdalene Motto Garde ta Foy Keep your Faith Named after Mary Magdalene Previous names - Established 1428 Sister College Magdalen College Master Duncan Robinson Location Magdalene Street Undergraduates 335 Graduates 169 Homepage Boatclub Magdalene College (pronounced ) was founded in 1428 as a Benedictine hostel...
1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Quaternary education or postgraduate education is the fourth-stage educational level which follows the completion of an undergraduate degree at a college or university. ...
Full name Clare Hall Motto - Named after Clare College Previous names - Established 1966, 1984 Sister College St Cross College President Prof. ...
Full name Darwin College Motto - Named after The Darwin Family Previous names - Established 1964 Sister College(s) Wolfson College Master Prof. ...
A mature student in tertiary education (at a university or a college) is normally classified as an (undergraduate) student who is over 21 at the start of their course. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Full name Hughes Hall Motto Disce ut Servus Named after Miss Elizabeth Phillips Hughes Previous names - Established 1885 Sister College(s) None President Prof. ...
Full name Lucy Cavendish College Motto - Named after Lucy Cavendish Previous names - Established 1965 Sister College None President Dame Veronica Sutherland Location Lady Margaret Road Undergraduates 106 Graduates 116 Homepage Boatclub Lucy Cavendish College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge with a focus on the needs of...
Full name Saint Edmunds College Motto - Named after St Edmund of Abingdon Previous names St. ...
Full name Wolfson College Motto Ring True Named after The Wolfson Foundation Previous names University College, Wolfson College (1972) Established 1965 Sister College Linacre College President Dr Gordon Johnson Location Barton Road Undergraduates 90 Graduates 510 Homepage Boatclub Wolfson College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of...
In some educational systems, an undergraduate is a post-secondary student pursuing a Bachelors degree. ...
Full name Churchill College Motto Forward Named after Sir Winston Churchill Previous names - Established 1966 Sister College Trinity College Master Sir John Boyd Location Storeys Way Undergraduates 440 Graduates 210 Homepage Boatclub Churchill College Main Entrance Churchill College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Science For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ...
Architecture (classical [[Greek ) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ...
History of art usually refers to the history of the visual arts. ...
There are several historical colleges which no longer exist, such as King's Hall (founded in 1317) and Michaelhouse which were combined together by King Henry VIII to make Trinity in 1546. Also, Gonville Hall was founded in 1348 and then re-founded in 1557 as Gonville & Caius. Kings Hall was once one of the constituent colleges of Cambridge, and the 2nd to be founded, in 1317. ...
Events The Great Famine of 1315-1317. ...
Michaelhouse is the name of one of the former colleges of the University of Cambridge, that existed between 1324 and 1546 before becoming part of Trinity College. ...
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) from 22 April 1509 until his death. ...
Full name The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity Motto Virtus vera nobilitas Virtue is true Nobility Named after The Holy Trinity Previous names Kings Hall and Michaelhouse (until merged in 1546) Established 1546 Sister College(s) Christ Church Master The Lord Rees of Ludlow Location Trinity Street...
// Events Spanish conquest of Yucatan Peace between England and France Foundation of Trinity College, Cambridge by Henry VIII of England Katharina von Bora flees to Magdeburg Science Architecture Michelangelo Buonarroti is made chief architect of St. ...
Events April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ...
Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ...
Full name Gonville and Caius College Motto Named after Edmund Gonville & John Caius Previous names Gonville Hall (1348), Gonville & Caius (1557) Established 1348 Sister College(s) Brasenose College Master Neil McKendrick (Lent 2006: Sir Christopher Hum) Location Trinity St Undergraduates 468 Postgraduates 291 Homepage Boatclub Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge...
There are also several theological colleges in Cambridge, (for example Westminster College and Ridley Hall Theological College) that are loosely affiliated with the university through the Cambridge Theological Federation. Westminster College sits on one of the busier intersections of Cambridges ring road . Westminster College in Cambridge is a theological college of the Presbyterian Church in England, now the United Reformed Church. ...
Ridley Hall is a theological college in Cambridge in the United Kingdom which trains intending ministers for the Church of England. ...
The Cambridge Theological Federation is an association of theological colleges in Cambridge. ...
See also the list of Fictional Cambridge Colleges Fictional colleges are perennially popular in modern novels, allowing the author much greater license when describing the more intimate activities of a Cambridge college. ...
Cambridge University in literatu |
