Camillo Golgi, 1906.

Camillo Golgi (July 7, 1843 – January 21, 1926) was an Italian physician and scientist. Image File history File links Camillo_Golgi_(Nobel_1906). ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... This article is about the profession. ...

Biography

Golgi was born in Corteno (now Corteno Golgi, province of Brescia, Lombardy). His father was a physician and district medical officer. Golgi studied medicine at University of Pavia, where he worked in the experimental pathology laboratory under Giulio Bizzozero, who elucidated the properties of bone marrow. He graduated in 1865. He spent much of his career studying the central nervous system. Tissue staining techniques in the latter half of the 19th century were inadequate for studying nervous tissue. While working as chief medical officer in a psychiatric hospital, he experimented with metal impregnation of nervous tissue, using mainly silver (silver staining). He discovered a method of staining nervous tissue which would stain a limited number of cells at random, in their entirety. This enabled him to view the paths of nerve cells in the brain for the first time. He called his discovery the "black reaction" (in Italian, reazione nera), which later received his name (Golgi's method) or Golgi stain. The reason for the random staining is still not understood. C rteno Golgi is an Italian village in the central Alps, in the province of Brescia, High Camonica Valley, the famous valley of Prehistory. ... Province of Brescia is a Province in Lombardy, Italy. ... For the village of the same name in Ontario, Canada, see Lombardy, Ontario. ... For other uses, see Doctor. ... For the chemical substances known as medicines, see medication. ... The University of Pavia is a university in Pavia, Italy. ... A renal cell carcinoma (chromophobe type) viewed on a hematoxylin & eosin stained slide Pathologist redirects here. ... Giulio Bizzozero (1846-1901) was an Italian doctor and medical researcher. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 1865 (MDCCCLXV) is a common year starting on Sunday. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... Staining is a biochemical technique of adding a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nervous tissue is the fourth major class of vertebrate tissue. ... A psychiatric hospital (also called, at various places and times, mental hospital or mental ward, historically often asylum, lunatic asylum, or madhouse), is a hospital specialising in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ... This article is about metallic materials. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... Staining is a biochemical technique of adding a class-specific (DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. ... The human brain In animals, the brain (enkephalos) (Greek for in the skull), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. ... Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained with the silver nitrate method Drawing of a Purkinje cell in the cerebellum cortex done by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, clearly demonstrating the power of Golgis staining method to reveal fine detail Golgis method is a nervous tissue staining... Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained with the silver nitrate method Drawing of a Purkinje cell in the cerebellum cortex done by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, clearly demonstrating the power of Golgis staining method to reveal fine detail Golgis method is a nervous tissue staining...

Drawing by Camillo Golgi of a hippocampus stained with the silver nitrate method.

The black reaction consisted in fixing silver chromate particles to the neurilemma (the neuron membrane) by reacting silver nitrate with potassium dichromate. This resulted in a stark black deposit on the soma as well as on the axon and all dendrites, providing an exceedingly clear and well contrasted picture of neuron against a yellow background. The ability to visualize separate neurons led to the eventual acceptance of the neuron doctrine. ^[1] Image File history File links Golgi_Hippocampus. ... Image File history File links Golgi_Hippocampus. ... The hippocampus is structurally located inside the medial temporal lobe of the brain. ... Silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) is a brown-red monolithic crystal and is considered arguably the chemical precursor to modern photography. ... Neurolemma (spelled also neurolema, neurilemma and neurilema, and used interchangeably with epineurium) is the insulating myelin layer that surrounds an individual peripheral nerve fiber. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7 is used in oxidation reactions. ... The soma, or perikaryon, is the bulbous end of a neuron, containing the cell nucleus. ... An axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neurons cell body or soma. ... In biology, a dendrite is a slender, typically branched projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, which conducts the electrical stimulation received from other cells to the body or soma of the cell from which it projects. ... This article is about cells in the nervous system. ... Ramón y Cajals drawing of the cells of the chick cerebellum, from Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves, Madrid, 1905. ...

In addition to this discovery, Golgi discovered a tendon sensory organ that bears his name (Golgi receptor). He studied the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum and related the timing of fevers seen in malaria with the life cycle of this organism. Using his staining technique, Golgi identified the intracellular reticular apparatus in 1898 which bears his name, the Golgi apparatus. A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and is built to withstand tension. ... (See also sense) A sensory system is a part of the nervous system that consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and those parts of the brain responsible for processing the information. ... Organ of Golgi (neurotendinous spindle) from the human tendo calcaneus. ... Binomial name Welch, 1897 Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. ... An analogue medical thermometer showing the temperature of 38. ... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites. ... Micrograph of Golgi apparatus, visible as a stack of semicircular black rings near the bottom. ...

In renal physiology Golgi is renown for being the first to show that the distal tubulus of the nephron returns to its originating glomerulus (nerve ending of the Bombula) a finding that he published in 1889 ("Annotazioni intorno all'Istologia dei reni dell'uomo e di altri mammifieri e sull'istogenesi dei canalicoli oriniferi". Rendiconti R. Acad. Lincei 5: 545-557, 1889.). A nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. ...

Golgi, together with Santiago Ramón y Cajal, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his studies of the structure of the nervous system. Santiago Ramón y Cajal Santiago Ramón y Cajal (May 1, 1852 – October 17, 1934) was a famous Spanish histologist, physician, and Nobel laureate. ... Emil Adolf von Behring was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Golgi died in Pavia, Italy, in January 1926. For the municipality in the Philippines, see Pavia, Iloilo. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Golgi’s landmarks in Pavia

In Pavia several landmarks stand as Golgi’s memory. For the municipality in the Philippines, see Pavia, Iloilo. ...

• A marble statue, in a yard of the old buildings of the University of Pavia, at N.65 of the central “Strada Nuova”. On the basament, there is the following inscription in Italian language: "Camillo Golgi / patologo sommo / della scienza istologica / antesignano e maestro / la segreta struttura / del tessuto nervoso / con intenta vigilia / sorprese e descrisse / qui operò / qui vive / guida e luce ai venturi / MDCCCXLIII - MCMXXVI" (Camillo Golgi / outstanding pathologist / of histological science / precursor and master / the secret structure / of the nervous tissue / with strenuous effort / discovered and described / here he worked / here he lives / here he guides and enlightens future scholars / 1843 - 1926).
• "Golgi’s home", also in Strada Nuova, at N.77, a few hundreds meters away from the University, just in front to the historical “Teatro Fraschini”. It is the home in which Golgi spent the most of his family life, with his wife Lina.
• Golgi’ tomb is in the Monumental Cemetery of Pavia (viale San Giovannino), along the central lane, just before the big monument to the falls of the First World War. It is a very simple granite grave, with a bronze medallion representing the scientist’s profile. Near Golgi’s tomb, apart his wife, other two important italian medical scientists are buried: Bartolomeo Panizza and Adelchi Negri.

The statue The University of Pavia is a university in Pavia, Italy. ... |Bartolomeo Panizza (1785-1867) was an Italian anatomist who was a native of Vicenza. ... Adelchi Negri (August 2, 1876 - February 19, 1912) was an Italian pathologist and microbiologist who was born in Perugia. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,704 × 2,272 pixels, file size: 883 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...	The inscription Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,704 × 2,272 pixels, file size: 924 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...	Golgi’s home in Strada Nuova Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,272 × 1,704 pixels, file size: 999 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...	The facade of the house with the inscription Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,272 × 1,704 pixels, file size: 1,012 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...
The inscription Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,704 × 2,272 pixels, file size: 923 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...	General view of the tomb Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,704 × 2,272 pixels, file size: 924 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...	The bronze medallion with Golgi’s profile Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,272 × 1,704 pixels, file size: 1,010 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

References

External links

• Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi
• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906