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Encyclopedia > Canals of the United Kingdom

For canals of Northern Ireland see the Canals of Ireland article This article covers the island of Ireland, that is, both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland Grand Canal Royal Canal Ballymore/Ballyconnell Canal See Also Rivers of Ireland Categories: Ireland-related stubs | Ireland ...

Contents


History

See History of the British canal system for a more detailed history. // Early history Evidence suggests that the first British canals were built in Roman times, often as irrigation canals or short connecting spurs between navigable rivers, such as Foss Dyke. ...

Traditional working canal boats
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Traditional working canal boats

Canals first saw use during the Roman occupation of Great Britain, and were used mainly for irrigation. However, the Romans did create several navigable canals, such as Foss Dyke, to link rivers, enabling increased transportation inland by water. Great Britain's canal network was steadily increased, but grew massively in the 18th century as the demand for industrial transport increased, and new canals were constantly added until the mid-19th century. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1000x668, 380 KB)Historic working narrow boats on the Macclesfield Canal in Cheshire, England. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1000x668, 380 KB)Historic working narrow boats on the Macclesfield Canal in Cheshire, England. ... Categories: Water-transport stubs | Canals | Water transport ... The Foss Dyke, or Fosse Dyke is the oldest canal in England, constructed by the Romans around 120 AD and still in use. ...


This large inland network was used as a transport system. Roads at the time were unsuitable for large volumes of traffic, and road vehicles were unable to transport large amounts of materials quickly. Canal boats proved more than adequate for this task, and so canals were constructed between industries, and between cities and ports, with vast amounts of materials from manufactured goods to coal and lumber being transported. As the Industrial Revolution took hold, the canals enjoyed great success, thriving in the late 18th and early 19th centuries before railways replaced them as the major goods transportation method in the latter part of the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution was the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. ...


As trains, and later road vehicles, became more advanced, they became more economically viable than canal boats, being faster, cheaper to run, and able to carry much larger cargoes. The canal network declined, and many canals becoming unusable, filled with weeds, silt and rubbish. Some canals were even converted to railways.


Present status

However, in the latter half of the 20th century the canals saw a rise in popularity through their use by holidaymakers, who often rented a 'narrowboat' and roamed the canals visiting places they passed through. Canal-based holidays became popular due to their relaxing nature, cheap costs, and huge variety of scenery available; from inner London to the Scottish Highlands. For this reason the canal system was renovated and disused parts were reopened. As a result of this growing revival of interest, there are now even some new routes under construction for the first time in a century, linking navigable rivers and existing canals. A project called the Jubilee River, which diverts flood waters from the River Thames in Berkshire, is already open, but it was designed to look and act like a natural river, and it is not generally counted as a new canal. Download high resolution version (1000x647, 220 KB)The Oxford Canal at Hillmorton on the eastern edge of Rugby in Warwickshire. ... Download high resolution version (1000x647, 220 KB)The Oxford Canal at Hillmorton on the eastern edge of Rugby in Warwickshire. ... Rugby is a market town in the county of Warwickshire in central England on the River Avon. ... A narrowboat is a boat or small barge used on narrow beam canals in Britain. ... The Jubilee River is a new channel which was built during the 1990s to divert flood waters from the River Thames around Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton. ... The Thames (pronounced /temz/) is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. ... Berkshire (IPA: or  ; sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a county in England and forms part of the South East England region. ...


The aim of bodies such as British Waterways (which owns about half of Britain's inland waterway network) is to fully reopen all disused canals. There is now a large waterways network of canals and navigable rivers throughout Great Britain, with most canals being linked to other canals, navigable rivers or the sea. In May 2005 The Times reported that British Waterways was hoping to quadruple the amount of cargo carried on Britain's canal network to 6 million tonnes by 2010 by transporting large amounts of waste to disposal facilities. British Waterways is a government body sponsored by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and the Scottish Executive in the United Kingdom. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ...


Canals in England

The Aire and Calder Navigation is a river and canal system of the River Aire and the River Calder in the county of West Yorkshire, England. ... The Andover Canal was a canal built in Hampshire, England. ... The Ashby-de-la-Zouch Canal is a 22 mile (35 km) long canal in England which travels between Bedworth in Warwickshire and the Leicestershire village of Snarestone. ... Jockeys Swivel and Footbridge at Lumb Lane, Droylsden, c1900 Portland Basin, Ashton-under-Lyne, with the Tame Aqueduct in the foreground, 1962 The Ashton Canal runs six miles (10 km) from central Manchester to Ashton-under-Lyne and it rises through 18 locks to make a head-on junction... The Barnsley Canal is a canal in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. ... The Basingstoke Canal is one of the waterways in the United Kingdom. ... Baybridge Canal ran 3. ... Birmingham Canal Navigations (BCN) is a network of canals linking Birmingham, England to Wolverhampton and the Black Country. ... The Birmingham and Fazeley Canal is a canal in the West Midlands of England, between Birmingham and Fazeley, just outside Tamworth. ... The Blyth Navigation was a canal in Suffolk, England, running seven miles from Halesworth to the North Sea. ... The Bridgewater Canal is a canal in North West England, near Manchester. ... The Bridgwater and Taunton Canal is a canal in the south west of England between Bridgwater and Taunton, linking with the River Parrett and the River Tone. ... The Bude Canal was originally planed as a highly ambitious project to build about 95 miles of canal for taking mineral rich sand from Bude, England to the Cornish hinterland to improve the quality of the land. ... The Caistor Canal ran 4 miles from the River Ancholme towards Caistor (although it did not reach the town) through 5 locks. ... The Calder and Hebble Navigation just before it joins the Rochdale Canal The Calder and Hebble Navigation is a canal system in West Yorkshire, England. ... The Caldon Canal runs 18 miles from Froghall to Stoke where it joins the Trent and Mersey. ... The Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation is the canalisation of the Rivers Chelmer and Blackwater in Essex, in the east of England. ... Chester Canal basin at Raymond Street, near the junction with the River Dee The Chester Canal was a canal linking the south Cheshire town of Nantwich with the River Dee at Chester, providing a route for produce (including salt) from Nantwich to reach Chester and, beyond it, the sea via... The Shropshire Union Canal near Norbury Junction The Shropshire Union Canal is a canal linking Wolverhampton with the River Mersey. ... The Chesterfield Canal is a canal in the north of England. ... The Chichester Canal runs 6km from the sea at Chichester Harbour to Birdham through two locks. ... The Coalport Canal is a historic canal built to link several coalport industries with the River Severn. ... Coventry Canal nr Fradley The Coventry Canal is a narrow Canal in England which travels for 38 miles (65 km) between Coventry and Fradley Junction,just north of Lichfield, where it joins the Trent and Mersey Canal. ... The Cromford Canal ran 14. ... The Dearne and Dove Canal ran nine miles through England from Swinton to Barnsley through 19 locks. ... The Derby Canal ran 14 miles from the Trent and Mersey Canal at Swarkestone to the Erewash Canal at Sandiacre, Derbyshire, England. ... The Dorset and Somerset Canal was a proposed canal in the south west of England, linking Poole, in Dorset with the Kennet and Avon Canal near Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, which would then connect to Bath, Somerset. ... The newly restored swing bridge at Brigham The Driffield Navigation is a 11 mile (17. ... The Droitwich Canal is a synthesis of two canals; the Droitwich Barge Canal and the Droitwich Junction Canal, in England. ... The Llangollen Canal we see today was previously called the Ellesmere Canal, but the Ellesmere Canal as originally envisaged was very different from what was eventually constructed. ... What we now know as the Llangollen Canal initially formed the majority of the Ellesmere Canal, and later was part of the Shropshire Union Canal, and only with increasing popularity of pleasure boats was it renamed the Llangollen Canal in an effort to attract more visitors: ironically, the canal was... The Erewash Canal is a broad canal in Derbyshire, England. ... The Exeter canal was built in 1563 which means it predates the canal mania period and is one of the oldest artificial waterways in the UK. It was built to bypass the blocking of the River Exe by the Earls of Devon. ... The Foss Dyke, or Fosse Dyke is the oldest canal in England, constructed by the Romans around 120 AD and still in use. ... The Gloucester and Sharpness Canal is a canal in the south west of England, between Gloucester and Sharpness. ... The canal at Braunston The Grand Union Canal is a canal in England and part of the British canal system. ... The Grand Western Canal is a canal between Tiverton and Taunton in the United Kingdom. ... Grantham Canal is a canal that runs 33 miles from Grantham through 18 locks to West Bridgford where it joins the River Trent. ... When it was built the Hatherton Canal ran 4 miles through 21 locks from the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal to the Cannock Extension Canal. ... The Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal is a canal in the south west of England, passing through Herefordshire and Gloucestershire. ... The Hertford Union Canal is a short stretch (c. ... The Huddersfield Broad Canal runs for 3 3/4 miles between Cooper Bridge where it meets the Calder and Hebble Navigation, and Huddersfield where it meets the Huddersfield Narrow Canal. ... The Huddersfield Narrow Canal runs just under 20 miles (35 km) between Huddersfield and Ashton under Lyne through 74 locks. ... The Ipswich and Stowmarket Navigation is a canal in East Anglia, England, between Ipswich and Stowmarket, currently the subject of waterway restoration. ... The Kennet and Avon Canal at Brass-Knocker-Bottom near Bath The Kennet and Avon Canal is a canal in southern England. ... Lancaster Canal - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Old Ford Lock, Lee Navigation The River Lee Navigation is a canalised river incorporating - as the name suggests - the River Lee (also known as the River Lea). ... The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a canal in the north of England running from Liverpool, Merseyside to Leeds, West Yorkshire. ... The Leven Canal canal runs a little under 4 miles from the River Hull the village of Leven, Yorkshire. ... The Lichfield Canal ran from Ogley Junction on the northern Birmingham Canal Navigations to Huddlesford Junction on the Coventry Canal, a length of 7 miles. ... Looking North East along the Limehouse Cut The Limehouse Cut is a canal in the East End of London. ... The Liskeard and Looe Union Canal is a derelict Canal between Liskeard and Looe in Cornwall in the south west of England. ... What we now know as the Llangollen Canal initially formed the majority of the Ellesmere Canal, and later was part of the Shropshire Union Canal, and only with increasing popularity of pleasure boats was it renamed the Llangollen Canal in an effort to attract more visitors: ironically, the canal was... The Louth Navigation ran 11 miles from the River Louth to Tetney in Lincolnshire, England, through 8 locks. ... Marple Wharf looking towards Marple Junction, 1970s Morriss Change (Roving) Bridge at Congleton, August 1994 The Macclesfield Canal is a canal in east Cheshire, England. ... The Manchester, Bolton and Bury Canal is a canal in the north west of England, between Salford, Bolton, and Bury. ... The canal at its Manchester end, looking towards Old Trafford The Manchester Ship Canal (MSC), affectionately known by locals as The Big Ditch, was opened on 21 May 1894, and is a large canal in north-west England. ... The Market Weighton canal ran 9. ... The Newcastle-under-Lyme Canal was a 6 mile stretch of canal, built in two parts. ... The North Walsham & Dilham Canal is the only canal in the English county of Norfolk. ... The Wilts and Berks Canal is a canal, originally in Wiltshire and Berkshire, England. ... Nottingham Canal was a 14. ... South portal of Hyde Bank Tunnel, early 20th century Greens Hall Bridge near Disley, early 20th century The Peak Forest Canal runs from a junction with the Ashton Canal at the southern end of the Tame Aqueduct at Dukinfield through Newton, Hyde, Woodley, Romiley, Marple, Strines, Disley, New Mills, Furness... The Portsmouth and Arundel Canal is a canal in the south of England. ... The Regents Canal is a canal across an area just to the north of central London. ... The Ribble Link is Great Britains newest inland waterway, opened in 2002. ... The Rochdale Canal is a canal in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, UK. The canal runs between Manchester and Sowerby Bridge in West Yorkshire where it connects with the Calder and Hebble Navigation. ... The first sod of the Royal Military Canal was dug at Seabrook, near Hythe in Kent on 30th October 1804. ... The Sankey Canal, also known as the St Helens Canal was the first canal built in England during the Industrial Revolution. ... The Sheffield and South Yorkshire Navigation is a series of canal cuttings in the north of England, along the course of the River Don. ... The Shrewsbury Canal was a canal in Shropshire, England. ... The Shropshire Union Canal near Norbury Junction The Shropshire Union Canal is a canal linking Wolverhampton with the River Mersey. ... The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal is a canal in the Midlands of England, passing through Staffordshire and Worcestershire. ... A canalised river running 22km from the town of Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire downstream to its junction with the River Lee Naviation, near Ware, Hertfordshire. ... Categories: Stub | Canals in the United Kingdom | Warwickshire ... The Thames and Severn Canal is a canal in the south of England, linking the River Thames to the River Severn, via Cricklade and Stroudwater. ... The Thames and Medway Canal is a now-disused canal in the south east of England, in Kent. ... The Thames and Severn Canal is a canal in the south of England, linking the River Thames to the River Severn, via Cricklade and Stroudwater. ... The Trent and Mersey Canal is a canal linking the River Trent at Shardlow in Derbyshire to the River Mersey at Runcorn in Cheshire. ... The Uttoxeter Canal was a 13-mile extension of the Caldon Canal running from Froghall as far as Uttoxeter in Staffordshire. ... The River Weaver The River Weaver is a watercourse running a curving route anti-clockwise across west Cheshire, England. ... The Wardle canal is located in Middlewich, Cheshire, UK, and connects the Trent and Mersey Canal to the Shropshire Union Canal (Middlewich branch). ... The Wey and Arun Canal runs 23 miles through 26 locks from the River Wey at Shalford to the River Arun at Pallingham. ... This article is about the river in Surrey, for the river in Dorset see River Wey, Dorset. ... The Wilts and Berks Canal is a canal, originally in Wiltshire and Berkshire, England. ... The Birmingham and Worcester Canal is a canal linking Birmingham and Worcester in England. ... The Wyrley and Essington Canal is a canal in the Midlands of England, from Wolverhampton to Cannock. ...

Canals in Scotland

The Aberdeenshire Canal was designed by John Rennie. ... The Caledonian Canal in Scotland connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast near Fort William. ... Lock House on Crinan Canal The Crinan canal is a canal in the west of Scotland. ... The Forth and Clyde Canal is a canal in Scotland. ... The Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal is a canal in the south of Scotland at Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone. ... The Monkland Canal used to run for 12 miles from Port Dundas (at the end of the Glasgow branch of the Forth and Clyde Canal) to Woodhall (near Airdrie). ... The Union Canal is a 50 km (31. ...

Canals in Wales

The Glamorganshire Canal was a canal in Glamorgan, South Wales, UK, running from Merthyr Tydfil to Cardiff. ... What we now know as the Llangollen Canal initially formed the majority of the Ellesmere Canal, and later was part of the Shropshire Union Canal, and only with increasing popularity of pleasure boats was it renamed the Llangollen Canal in an effort to attract more visitors: ironically, the canal was... The Monmouthshire & Brecon Canal is isolated from the rest of the United Kingdoms canals. ... The Montgomery Canal (originally the Montgomeryshire Canal) is a semi-disused canal in eastern Wales. ... The Neath and Tennant Canals were two independent but linked canals in South Wales that are usually rea garded as a single canal. ...

Abandoned canals

Insert non-formatted text here Headline text The Bentley Canal is an abandoned canal that was part of the Birmingham canal network. ... The Bradford Canal ran 3 and half miles through 10 locks from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal to Shipley on the northern edge of Bradford. ... The Chard Canal was a 13. ... The Croydon Canal ran 9. ... The Glastonbury Canal ran just over 14 miles through two locks from Glastonbury to Highbridge where it entered the Bristol channel. ... The Grand Surrey Canal was a canal constructed in south London during the early 19th century. ... The Horncastle Canal was a broad canal which ran 11 miles from River Witham to Horncastle through 11 locks largely following the course of River Bain. ... The Leominster canal ran just over 18 miles from Mamble to Leominster through 16 locks and a number of tunnels, some of which suffered engineering problems even before the canal opened. ... Rolle Canal in North Devon, England runs from Landcross, following the river Torridge to the limekilns at Rosemoor. ... The Shrewsbury Canal was a canal in Shropshire, England. ... The Somerset Coal Canal (otherwise the Somersetshire Coal Canal) was a narrow canal from Paulton to Limpley Stoke where it joined the Kennet and Avon Canal so giving ready access from the coal fields of Somerset, which at their peak contained 80 collieries, to London. ...

Proposed new canal routes

Grand Union Canal (Slough Branch)

Extending Slough arm of the Grand Union Canal south to join the River Thames. Slough (pronounced ) is a town and unitary authority in the county of Berkshire in the south of England. ... The canal at Braunston The Grand Union Canal is a canal in England and part of the British canal system. ... The Thames (pronounced /temz/) is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. ...


York stream (Maidenhead)

Making the York stream fully navigable for boats and linking to other nearby canals and navigable rivers.


Bedford and Milton Keynes Waterway

Connection from Grand Union Canal at Milton Keynes to the River Great Ouse at Bedford. The canal at Braunston The Grand Union Canal is a canal in England and part of the British canal system. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Milton Keynes Milton Keynes (pronounced ) is a purpose-built, high technology city in South East England. ... The Great Ouse at St Neots The River Great Ouse is a river in the east of England. ... Bedford is the county town of the English county of Bedfordshire. ...


Warwick

Connection from River Avon to Grand Union Canal via Warwick. The River Avon or Avon is a river in or adjoining the counties of Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire in the midlands of England. ... The canal at Braunston The Grand Union Canal is a canal in England and part of the British canal system. ... Map sources for Warwick at grid reference SP2865 Warwick (pronounced warrick ) is the historic county town of Warwickshire in England and has a population of 25,434 (2001 census). ...


Canal features

Aqueducts

Pont du Gard, France, a Roman era aqueduct circa 19 BC, it is one of Frances top tourist attractions at over 1. ... Barton Swing Aqueduct in the open position to allow shipping through on the Manchester Ship Canal, early 1970s. ... The Lichfield Aqueduct is an aqueduct that carries the Lichfield Canal over the M6 Toll Motorway, just to the north of Lichfield and Birmingham, England. ... the Aqueduct, view from the ground The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is an aqueduct which carries the Llangollen Canal over the valley of the River Dee, east of Llangollen in north Wales. ...

Boat lifts

A boat lift or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between two different water heights, and is an alternative to the canal lock and the canal inclined plane. ... Anderton Boat Lift The Anderton Boat Lift provides a link between two navigable waterways: the River Weaver and the Trent and Mersey Canal, and is situated near the village of Anderton, near Northwich, in north Cheshire, north_west England. ... The Falkirk Wheel The Falkirk Wheel, named after the nearby town of Falkirk in central Scotland, is a rotating boat lift connecting the Forth and Clyde Canal with the Union Canal which at this point differ by 35 metres in height. ...

Inclined planes

An inclined plane is a system used on some canals for raising boats between different water levels. ... The Hay Inclined Plane is an example of a Canal inclined plane. ... Upper staircase of Foxton Locks Foxton Locks are ten canal locks consisting of two staircases each of five locks, located on the Leicester line of the Grand Union Canal about 5 km west of the Leicestershire town of Market Harborough and are named after the nearby village of Foxton. ...

Locks

Canal locks in England. ... The Five Rise Locks from below Bingley Five Rise Locks is a series of five locks on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Bingley. ... Bingley Three Rise Locks from below Bingley Three Rise Locks is a staircase of three locks on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Bingley. ... Upper staircase of Foxton Locks Foxton Locks are ten canal locks consisting of two staircases each of five locks, located on the Leicester line of the Grand Union Canal about 5 km west of the Leicestershire town of Market Harborough and are named after the nearby village of Foxton. ... The 4-lock staircase, part of Watford Locks on the Grand Union Canal Watford Locks are seven locks on the Leicester Line of the Grand Union Canal, close to the village of Watford in Northamptonshire, famous for the Watford Gap service area. ... Fourteen Locks is a series of locks on the Crumlin arm of the Monmouthshire Canal at Rogerstone in Newport. ... Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is the third largest city in Wales (after Cardiff and Swansea). ...

Tunnels

A disused railway tunnel now converted to pedestrian and bicycle use, near Houyet, Belgium A tunnel is an underground passage. ... Southern entrance to Blisworth Tunnel Blisworth Tunnel is a canal tunnel on the Grand Union Canal in Northamptonshire, England between the villages of Stoke Bruerne (southern end) and Blisworth (northern end). ... Dudley Tunnel is a canal tunnel on the Dudley No. ... The Huddersfield Narrow Canal runs just under 20 miles between Huddersfield and Ashton under Lyne through 74 locks. ...

Canal boats

  • Bastard boats or Statters (12'/3.65 m beam; wide boats on Manchester, Bolton & Bury)
  • Broad-beam boats (called "wide boats" on the Grand Union canal, 2.2 m to 4.3 m beam)
  • Fly boats (long and short; on A&C)
  • Keels (on A&C)
  • Long boats (narrow boats used on Severn)
  • Narrowboats or Narrow Boats (approx. 7'/2.13 m beam; originally working boats on Midlands canals; now mostly pleasure boats)
  • Severners (used on the River Severn)
  • Short boats (on Northern canals such as Leeds & Liverpool, Calder & Hebble, Aire & Calder)
  • Sloops (on A&C)
  • Trench boats (for 6'/1.83 m locks on the Trench Arm of the Shrewsbury Canal)
  • White boats (on Aire & Calder canal; with white side decks for working at night)
  • Wide-beam narrowboats (more than 4.3 m beam)

A narrowboat is a boat or small barge used on narrow beam canals in Britain. ... The Severn bridges crossing near the mouth of the River Severn The River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren) is the longest British river, at 354 kilometres (219 miles) long; it rises at an altitude of 610 metres on Plynlimon near Llanidloes, in the Cambrian Mountains, Mid Wales, and it passes through...

See also

The United Kingdom occupies a substantial part of the British Isles. ... // Early history Evidence suggests that the first British canals were built in Roman times, often as irrigation canals or short connecting spurs between navigable rivers, such as Foss Dyke. ... Waterways in the United Kingdom is a link page for any river, canal, firth or estuary in the United Kingdom. ... Waterway restoration is the activity of restoring a canal or river, including special features such as warehouse buildings, locks, boat lifts, and boats. ...

External links

  • London Canal Museum
  • Waterscape
  • British Waterways

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