Rattan cane

Caning is a physical punishment (see that article for generalities and alternatives) consisting of a number of hits (known as "strokes" or "cuts") with a wooden cane, generally applied to the bare or clad buttocks (see spanking), shoulders, hand(s) (palm, rarely knuckles) or the soles of the feet (see falaka). The size and flexibility of the cane itself and the number and mode of application of the strokes (usually more numerous and faster when wielding a light, flexible cane) vary significantly. In the context of furniture, caning is a method of weaving chair seats and other furniture. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (157x1218, 43 KB) Summary Rattan cane - Rohrstock aus Rattan Quelle: Selbst fotografiert 2006 von User:Neitram Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Caning Cane Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (157x1218, 43 KB) Summary Rattan cane - Rohrstock aus Rattan Quelle: Selbst fotografiert 2006 von User:Neitram Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Caning Cane Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Corporal punishment. ... Look up cane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Bith buttocks. ... This article is about the use of spanking as discipline. ... This article is about the body part. ... For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation). ... A Falaka was originally a Persian instrument of physical punishment used to immobilize torture victims who would then have the soles of their feet beaten with rods. ...

Scope of use

Caning was a common punishment in many parts of Middle East & Africa, Asia and Europe and several European colonies in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, but has now been banned in most developed countries. It is often considered a cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment within the meaning of the United Nations Convention Against Torture, but remains legal in numerous nations. Look up Punishment in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... This article refers to a colony in politics and history. ... CAT states: members in green, non-members in grey The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (UNCAT) is an international human rights instrument, organized by the United Nations and intended to prevent torture and other similar activities. ...

In some countries, caning is or was used as a judicial punishment for juveniles and in some cases for adults, but it is perhaps best known as a method of educational discipline in schools or at home. The western use of the cane dates principally to the late nineteenth century, when educationalists sought to replace birching -- effective only if applied to the bare flesh -- with a form of punishment more suited to contemporary sensibilities. The cane, if applied expertly, transmits much pain even through layers of clothing. In law, a person who is not yet a legal adult is known as a minor (known in some places as an infant or juvenile). ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... Birching is corporal punishment with a birch rod, typically a spanking (i. ...

Judicial use

It has been suggested that Johor_Bahru_Prison#Caning_punishment be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Judicial caning, carried out with a long, heavy rattan and generally much more severe than the canings given in schools, was a feature of some British colonial judicial systems, and in some cases is still in use in the post-independence era, particularly in south-east Asia (where it is now being used far more than it was under British rule) and in some African countries. The practice is retained in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei (but not Thailand); in Indonesia it was introduced only recently in the special case of Aceh, on Sumatra, which since its 2005 autonomy has introduced a form of shariah, applying the cane to the clothed upper back in keeping with Muslim rules of modesty. African countries still using judicial caning include Botswana, Tanzania, Nigeria and for juvenile offenders, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. Other countries that used it until the late 20th century included Kenya and South Africa, while some Caribbean countries such as Trinidad and Tobago use birching, another traditional punishment in the Commonwealth tradition, which use a bundle of branches, not a single cane. Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... JB Prison logo The Johor Bahru Prison (Penjara Johor Bahru), located in the state capital of Johore in Malaysia, was opened in 1883 to incarcerate criminals in the State, as well as those who revolted against the British colonial government. ... Genera Calamus Calospatha Ceratolobus Daemonorops Eremospatha Eugeissonia Korthalsia Laccosperma Metroxylon Myrialepis Oncocalamus Pigafetta Plectocomia Plectomiopsis Raphia Zalacca Zalacella Rattan (from the Malay rotan), is the name for the roughly six hundred species of palms in the tribe Calameae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australasia. ... Students in Rome, Italy. ... In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Aceh (pronounced , generally Anglicized as IPA: ) is a special territory (daerah istimewa) of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. ... Sharia (Arabic شريعة also Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is traditional Islamic law. ... West Indies redirects here. ... Birching is corporal punishment with a birch rod, typically a spanking (i. ... For other uses, see Commonwealth (disambiguation). ...

In Singapore, healthy males under 50 years of age can be sentenced to a maximum of 24 strokes of the rotan (rattan) cane on the bare buttocks; the punishment is mandatory for over 30 offenses, mostly violent or drug crimes, but also some immigration violations, sexual offences and acts of vandalism. It is also imposed for certain breaches of prison rules. The punishment is also applied to foreigners, despite controversy in the West. Genera Calamus Calospatha Ceratolobus Daemonorops Eremospatha Eugeissonia Korthalsia Laccosperma Metroxylon Myrialepis Oncocalamus Pigafetta Plectocomia Plectomiopsis Raphia Zalacca Zalacella Rattan (from the Malay rotan), is the name for the roughly six hundred species of palms in the tribe Calameae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Australasia. ... Vandalism is the conspicuous defacement or destruction of a structure, a symbol or anything else that goes against the will of the owner/governing body. ...

Two examples which received intense media scrutiny are the canings in Singapore in 1994 of Michael P. Fay, an American student who had vandalised several automobiles, and in the UAE in 1996 of Sarah Balabagan, a Filipina maid convicted of homicide. Michael Peter Fay (born May 30, 1975) is an American who was caned in Singapore on May 5, 1994, for theft and vandalism despite pleas from the United States government and press for clemency. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... Sarah Balabagan (born 1979 August 16) (her surname is pronounced with the stress on the third syllable) was a Filipina prisoner in the United Arab Emirates whose case caused a good deal of controversy in 1995-96. ... Filipino is a term originating and relating to the Philippines. ... Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ...

Educational use in home and school context

The frequency and severity of canings in educational settings have varied greatly, often being determined by the written rules or unwritten traditions of the school. The western educational use of the cane dates principally to the late nineteenth century, in order to replace birching - which is only effective if applied to the bare flesh - with a form of punishment more suitable to contemporary sensibilities. For example, in some schools corporal punishment was administered solely by the headmaster, but in many English and Commonwealth private schools authority to punish was also given to other staff and even certain senior students (often called prefects). A typical punishment in an English primary school in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century consisted of one or two strokes on the hand. In many secondary schools in England and Wales it was in use, mainly for boys and only infrequent for girls, until the early 1980s, while elsewhere other implements prevailed, such as the Scottish tawse. In this setting it was more often administered to the clothed buttocks, typically with the student bent over a desk or chair, and usually with a maximum of six "strokes" (known as "six of the best"). Such a caning sometimes left a student with weals and bruises, making it painful to sit down for days after the caning. This kind of school punishment for boys is still quite standard in a number of formerly British territories including Singapore, Malaysia and Zimbabwe. It had also been very common in Australia (abolished in the 80's),New Zealand (abolished 1990) and South Africa (abolished 1995). Birching is corporal punishment with a birch rod, typically a spanking (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Corporal punishment. ... In the UK and elsewhere, a head teacher is the most senior teacher in a school. ... A prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: make in front, i. ... A two-tailed leather tawse, produced for the BDSM market, resting on a pillow. ...

In Malaysia, although the Education Ordinance 1957 specifically outlaws the caning of girls in school^[1], the caning of girls, usually on the palm is still rather common, especially in primary schools but also occasionally in secondary schools.^[2]

The cane was also used more or less frequently on boy inmates at the British reformatories, which were known from 1933 to 1980 as Approved Schools. An approved school is a term formerly used in the United Kingdom to mean a residential instutution to which young offenders could be sent by a court. ...

Voluntary use

Caning is also a more severe but not uncommon sadomasochistic practice. In nineteenth century France it was dubbed "The English Vice", as it was believed that the English, in particular, derived sexual pleasure from corporal punishment, probably because of its widespread use in British schools. This term is still in occasional use. Flogging demonstration at Folsom Street Fair 2004. ...

'Night of the Cane', a national celebration of the art of caning is held each year in East London.

Cane types and terminology

Canes can be manufactured for disciplinary purpose in different sizes and weights, determining the potential severity of the punishment. The main types are often known by the age groups of intended victims, especially in the domestic context:

'Light' canes (about 8 mm in diameter and 60 cm long, according to some sources) are called junior canes, normally considered sufficient to punish young school children (except sometimes for the gravest offenses), and hence also known as school cane. However, in America, where the paddle took the place of the cane for discipline, the name junior cane was rather given to a ceremonial walking stick students parade with.

These terms are commonly used with reference to canes and caning:

• The term nursery cane is sometimes used for the lightest cane, as it would be used for children under school age
• The senior cane is a heavier type (about 10 mm thick, 75-80 cm long) than the junior cane and is frequently used for older children (or except for the lightest offenses); maybe synonymous is the adult cane.
• The reformatory cane was reserved for the worst, '(otherwise) incorrigible' juveniles. About 12 mm thick and 36-48 inch long, it was often reserved for older inmates and was used in severe cases; a similar term is Borstal cane (after the Borstal, a Commonwealth type of reformatory).
• The Singapore cane, used in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei for the judicial and prison punishment of adult criminals, is 13-15 mm in diameter and 1.2 m long, and can cause deep wounds and permanent scars.

The different varieties of rattan used are sometimes preferred because of their intrinsic severity. Of these, the common kooboo is considered lighter (if the same size) than the denser Dragon Canes; other common types bear geographical names such as Malacca (a peninsular Malaysian state) and Palembang (a city on Sumatra, Indonesia). In the United Kingdom, a borstal was a juvenile detention centre or reformatory, an institution of the criminal justice system, intended to reform delinquent male youths aged between about 16 and 21. ... This article is about the state in Malaysia. ... Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ...

For misbehaving children in Asia, most parents rather use available objects such as a wooden ruler or the handle end of a feather duster, which is usually made of narrow bamboo-like material, metal rods and coat hangers, which can often cause severe bruising to the buttocks. ^{[dubious – discuss]} Rulering is the practice of using a ruler as a convenient, hence in some mainly scholarly traditions popular, tool for a corporal punishment, usually on the hands (either outstretched palms or knuckles) or thighs, although sometimes as a spanking (on the buttocks). ... A feather duster dusting a table. ... Wire (top) and wooden (bottom) clothes hangers A clothes hanger, or coat hanger, is a device in the shape of human shoulders designed to facilitate the hanging of a coat, jacket, sweater, shirt, blouse or dress in a manner that prevents wrinkles, with a lower bar for the hanging of...

In some spheres the cane, which is typically used by a certain disciplinarian, is commonly called after him. Thus in the Royal Navy the bosun's cane was frequently used on the backsides of boys without ceremony (as opposed to publicly 'kissing the gunner's daughter', a formal bare bottom flogging on deck ordered by the captain or a court martial, usually involving birch or cat o' nine tails) on the spot or in the gun room, for daily offenses (at least one mid 19th-century captain had every single junior boy given six cane strokes every morning on various pretexts! ^{[citation needed]}) considered too insignificant to require written formalities or orders from an officer (who certainly could and routinely also did order the cane, actually wielding it was considered unsuitable for a gentleman), but more severe than the bimmy. The cane in the hands of a corporal (especially of the Marines on board many fighting ships, often ordered to carry out formal punishment of crew members as well) was called stonnacky. In an attempt to standardize the canes (but the effective wielding is impossible to capture in written rules) the Admiralty had specimens according to all prevailing prescriptions, called patterned cane (and birch), kept in every major dockyard. This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... Spanking (or smacking, whacking, etc. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A leather cat o nine tails This article discusses an implement of punishment. ... Coils of rope used for long-line fishing A rope is a length of fibers, twisted or braided together to improve strength, for pulling and connecting. ... Flag of the Lord High Admiral The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ...

In ancient China, suspects or criminals were often caned, as punishment or interrogation, with large sticks or planks the size of an oar suited for today's small sailing boats. The victim usually bleeds from the wound at the buttocks, can get infections if not treated instantly and generally must spend days in bed.

• Other, even lighter types of cane (e.g. as used for plant care) can also be used for physical discipline, especially in fetishist and BDSM circles; in fact the term caning is also used, sometimes even in stead of an existing specific term, for corporal punishment with an else-named but similar device, such as a pointing stick or ruler, especially if made of wood.
• While the rattan never caught on in North America, the rather equivalent hickory stick (made from the native hickory tree) has also been a frequent, feared implement for school discipline, but like the freshly cut, flexible switch and other alternatives it gave way in the US almost exclusively (that is where corporal punishment persists or reemerges) to paddling with a flat wooden implement, while in Canada the strap was most used for severe physical discipline except in some private schools where even coils of electrical wiring or the broken handles of ice hockey sticks were sometimes used to beat students.

Collars are a commonly used symbol of BDSM and can be ornamental and utilitarian. ... This article is about a computer input device. ... A variety of rulers A 2 metre carpenters rule Retractable flexible rule A ruler or rule is an instrument used in geometry, technical drawing and engineering/building to measure distances and/or to rule straight lines. ... Species See text Comparison of Carya nuts Ripe hickory nuts ready to fall, Andrews, SC Hickory is a tree of the genus Carya, including 17-19 species of deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves and large nuts. ... A switch is a flexible rod, typically used for corporal punishment of the birching type, called switching after it, especially when using a single branch: multiple branches are rather called a rod, a less flexible single rod is rather called a cane, an inflexible one a stick. ... A spanking paddle is a usually wooden instrument with a long, flat face and narrow neck, so called because it is roughly shaped like the homonymous piece of sports equipment, but existing in more varied sizes and dimensions, (length, width and thickness) used to administer a spanking to the buttocks... A strap is a strip, usually of fabric or leather. ...

Effects

Caning with a heavy judicial rattan of the Singapore/Malaysia kind can leave scars for years, especially where a large number of strokes are inflicted. However, this should not be confused with an ordinary caning with a typical light rattan (as formerly in English schools), which would cause only transient welts.

See also

• Spanking
• Bastinado
• BDSM
• Birching
• Caning in Singapore
• Caning rack
• Flagellation
• Paddle (spanking)

This article is about the use of spanking as discipline. ... It has been suggested that Falaka be merged into this article or section. ... Collars are a commonly used symbol of BDSM and can be ornamental and utilitarian. ... Birching is corporal punishment with a birch rod, typically a spanking (i. ... Caning in the city-state of Singapore is used as a form of judicial corporal punishment of men and boys for criminal offences. ... A torture rack in the Tower of London The rack is a term for certain physical punishment devices. ... Whipping on a post Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, whip) the human body. ... A spanking paddle is a usually wooden instrument with a long, flat face and narrow neck, so called because it is roughly shaped like the homonymous piece of sports equipment, but existing in more varied sizes and dimensions, (length, width and thickness) used to administer a spanking to the buttocks...

External links

• Video of Judicial caning in Malaysia on Liveleak (warning - graphic violence)

Liveleak, based in the UK, is a website that lets users post and share videos, similar to sites like YouTube, but it allows some sexual content and emphasizes reality-based footage such as war scenes from various parts of the world, grisly accidents, executions, and crimes. ...

Notes

Sources and References

• CorporalPunishmentResearch, a vast repository of material concerning corporal punishments
• Ralph Oliver Graef, 'Caning - Die Prügelstrafe in Singapur' Juristenzeitung 1996, 1171'[1]
• Ian Gibson, The English Vice: Beating, Sex and Shame in Victorian England and After, London, 1978. ISBN 0-7156-1264-6
• Janet Hardy, The Toybag Guide to Canes and Caning, Greenery Press, 2004. ISBN 1-890159-56-5.