Caroline Lucretia Herschel

Caroline Lucretia Herschel (March 16, 1750 – January 9, 1848) was a German-born English astronomer. She worked with her brother Sir William Herschel. Her main contribution to astronomy was the discovery of some new comets. In particular, the periodic comet 35P/Herschel-Rigollet bears her name. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (76th in Leap years). ... Events March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella James Gray reveals her sex... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... An astronomer or astrophysicist is a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics. ... Sir Wilhelm Friedrich Herschel, FRS (Hanover, November 15, 1738 – August 25, 1822 Slough, then in Buckinghamshire now in Berkshire) was a German-born British astronomer and composer who became famous for discovering the planet Uranus, and made many other astronomical discoveries. ... Comet Hale-Bopp For other uses, see Comet (disambiguation). ...

Herschel was born in Hanover. In the autumn of 1772 she joined her brother William in England, where he had established himself as a teacher of music at Bath. She co-operated with him both in his professional duties and in the astronomical researches to which he had already begun to devote all his spare time. She was the principal singer at his oratorio concerts, and acquired such a reputation as a vocalist that she was offered an engagement for the Birmingham festival, which, however, she declined. Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Bath (disambiguation). ... An oratorio is a large musical composition for orchestra, vocal soloists and chorus. ... The city from above Centenary Square. ...

In 1782 her brother accepted the office of astronomer to George III and moved to the Slough area. Caroline became his constant assistant in his observations, and also executed the laborious calculations which were connected with them. Her chief amusement during her leisure hours was sweeping the heavens with a small Newtonian telescope. By this means she detected in 1783 three remarkable nebulae, and during the eleven years 1786 – 1797 eight comets, five of them with unquestioned priority — among them Comet Encke. Her first comet, discovered on August 1, 1786, was the first comet discovered by a woman, and won her recognition. The following year she began to receive an annual salary from George III for her work as William's assistant, which made her the first woman officially recognized for a scientific position. In 1797 she presented to the Royal Society an Index to Flamsteed's observations, together with a catalogue of 561 stars accidentally omitted from the British Catalogue, and a list of the errata in that publication. 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and there after King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... Slough (pronounced ) is a town and unitary authority in the county of Berkshire in the south of England. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Triangulum Emission Nebula NGC 604 lies in a spiral arm of Galaxy M33, 2. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Comet Hale-Bopp For other uses, see Comet (disambiguation). ... Comet Encke (officially designated 2P/Encke) is a periodic comet, named after Johann Franz Encke, who through laborious study of its orbit and many calculations was able to link multiple observations in 1786 (2P/1786 B1), 1795 (2P/1795 V1), 1805 (2P/1805 U1) and 1818 (2P/1818 W1) to... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1797 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... John Flamsteed - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

She returned to Hanover in 1822 after the death of her brother, but did not abandon her astronomical studies, and in 1828 she completed the reduction, to January 1800, of 2500 nebulae discovered by her brother. In 1828 the Royal Astronomical Society presented her with their Gold Medal, and in 1835 elected her an honorary member of the society. In 1846 she received a gold medal from the King of Prussia. 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research (mainly carried on at the time by gentleman astronomers rather than professionals). ... Gold Medal awarded to Asaph Hall The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad...

The asteroid 281 Lucretia was named after her second given name; also C. Herschel crater in the Sinus Iridium on the Moon was named in her honor. An asteroid is a small, solid object in our Solar System, orbiting the Sun. ... 281 Lucretia is a typical Main belt asteroid. ... C. Hershel is a tiny lunar crater that lies on the western part of Mare Imbrium. ... Bulk composition of the moons mantle and crust estimated, weight percent Oxygen 42. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External links

• John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson. Caroline Herschel at the MacTutor archive.

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Obituary

• MNRAS 8 (1848) 64