Cathal Brugha

Cathal Brugha (born Charles William St. John Burgess) was an Irish revolutionary who was active in the Easter Rising, the Anglo-Irish War, and the Irish Civil War. Image File history File links Cathal Brugha (image before 1922) from postcard issued when he was killed. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Revolution. ... Easter Proclamation, read by Pádraig Pearse outside the GPO at the start of the Easter Rising, 1916. ... An Irish War of Independence memorial in Dublin The Anglo-Irish War (also known as the Irish War of Independence) was a guerrilla campaign mounted against the British government in Ireland by the Irish Republican Army under the proclaimed legitimacy of the First Dáil, the extra-legal Irish parliament... The Irish Civil War (June 1922–April 1923) was a conflict between supporters and opponents of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, which established the Irish Free State, precursor of todays Republic of Ireland. ...

Born on July 18, 1874, in Dublin, Ireland of mixed Irish Catholic and English Protestant parentage, Brugha was educated, not by the Irish Christian Brothers who educated most of the insurrectionists and guerrillas, but at the Jesuit Belvedere College, but was forced to leave at the age of sixteen due to the failure of his father's business. Brugha went on to become a clerk with a church supplies firm. July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the city in Ireland. ... Irish Catholics are persons of predominantly Irish descent who adhere to the Roman Catholic faith. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Belvedere College SJ is a Jesuit-run secondary school located in Great Denmark St, Dublin, Ireland. ...

In 1899 Brugha joined the Gaelic League and in 1913 he became lieutenant in the Irish Volunteers. During the Easter Rising in 1916 he was second in command at South Dublin Union under Commandant Eamonn Ceannt. During the fighting he was severely wounded by a hand grenade, as well as by multiple (perhaps 16) gunshot wounds, and was originally not considered likely to survive. Conradh na Gaeilge (The Gaelic League) is an organization for the purpose of keeping the Irish language spoken in Ireland. ... Irish Volunteers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Eamonn Ceannt (September 21, 1881 - May 8, 1916) was an Irish nationalist and rebel. ...

In October 1917 he became Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and held that post until March 1919. In 1918 he was elected to Dáil Éireann representing Waterford and he soon became Minister for Defence. Due to the absence of Eamon de Valera and Arthur Griffith, Brugha presided over the first meeting of Dáil Éireann on the January 21, 1919. The following is the list of those who have served as Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army in the various incarnations of organisations bearing that name. ... The West Cork Flying Column during the War of Independence. ... The Dáil Chamber Dáil Éireann is the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. ... Waterford (Irish: Port Lairge) is, historically, the capital of County Waterford in Ireland, though today the city is administered separately from the county, the latter having its seat in Dungarvan. ... Eamon de Valera (born Edward George de Valera, sometimes Gaelicised Éamon de Bhailéara; October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th Century, and... Arthur Griffith (Árt Ó Gríofa in Irish) (March 31, 1871 – August 12, 1922) was the founder and first leader of Sinn Féin. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

He was known for his bitter enmity towards Michael Collins, who, although nominally only the IRA's Director of Intelligence, had far more influence in the organisation as a result of his position as a high ranking member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, an organisation that was seen as undermining the power of the the Dail and especially the Ministry for Defence. Collins accepted his comrade's feelings with a resigned equanimity. At a top-level IRA meeting in August 1920, Brugha argued against ambushes of Crown forces unless there was first a call to surrender, but this was dismissed as unrealistic by the brigade commanders present. Brugha also had the idea of moving the front line of the war to England (i.e. "machine gunning cinema queues", as per Tim Pat Coogan's book The IRA), which Collins refused to contemplate, thus earning even more enmity from his rival. Michael John Collins (Irish name Micheál Ó Coileáin; October 16, 1890 – August 22, 1922), an Irish revolutionary leader, served as Minister for Finance in the Irish Republic, as Director of Intelligence for the IRA, as a member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, as Chairman... The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) played an important role in the history of Ireland. ...

In 1922 Brugha voted against the Anglo-Irish Treaty and was quickly replaced as Minister for Defence by Richard Mulcahy. During the Irish Civil War he fought on the anti-Treaty side but was severely wounded again. Cathal Brugha died from a wound he received when he was shot just once in the thigh, but which 'severed a major artery causing him to bleed to death' on July 7, 1922, just 11 days before his 48th birthday. Signature page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty The Anglo-Irish Treaty, officially called the Articles of association between Ireland and the British Empire, was a treaty between the Government of the United Kingdom and representatives of the (extra-judicial) Irish Republic which concluded the Anglo-Irish War. ... Richard Mulcahy General Richard Mulcahy (1886 - 1971) was an Irish politician, leader of Fine Gael and Cabinet Minister. ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

His son, Ruairi Brugha, later became a Fianna Fáil politician. The younger Brugha was elected to Dáil Éireann in the 1973 General Election and was appointed to the European Parliament in 1977. As a result, he did not stand in the 1977 General Election. He later served in the Séanad in the 1980s and died on January 31, 2006 in Dublin at the age of 88. Ruairi Brugha (1917 – January 31, 2006) was an Irish politican from the Fianna Fáil party. ... Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party (IPA ; English translation: Soldiers of Ireland but more often translated - inaccurately - as Soldiers of Destiny) is the largest political party in Ireland. ... The Dáil Chamber Dáil Éireann is the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. ... The Irish general election of 1973 was held on February 28, 1973. ... The European Parliament is the parliamentary body of the European Union (EU), directly elected by EU citizens once every five years. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... The Irish general election of 1977 was held on June 16, 1977. ... The Seanad Chamber The Seanad meets in the former picture gallery in Leinster House. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Ireland, located near the midpoint of Irelands east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. ...

Political Career

The Ceann Comhairle1 is the chairman or speaker of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (parliament) of the Republic of Ireland. ... Sean Thomas OKelly (Irish name: Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh, pronounced ) (August 25, 1882 - November 23, 1966) was the second President of Ireland (1945-1959). ... The head of government under the Dáil Constitution adopted by the First Dáil of the Irish Republic in January 1919. ... Eamon de Valera (born Edward George de Valera, sometimes Gaelicised Éamon de Bhailéara; October 14, 1882 – August 29, 1975), was an Irish politician, best known as a leader of Irelands struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th Century, and... Richard Mulcahy General Richard Mulcahy (1886 - 1971) was an Irish politician, leader of Fine Gael and Cabinet Minister. ... The Minister for Defence is in charge of the Department of Defence in the Republic of Ireland. ... Richard Mulcahy General Richard Mulcahy (1886 - 1971) was an Irish politician, leader of Fine Gael and Cabinet Minister. ...

See also

• List of people on stamps of Ireland