 Depiction of Cernunnos from the Pilier des nautes, Paris Cernunnos in Celtic polytheism is the deified spirit of horned male animals, especially of stags, a nature god associated with produce and fertility. As a "Horned God", Cernunnos was one of a number of similar deities found in many ancient cultures. Image of Cernunnos, Museum of the Middle Ages, Paris By ChrisO File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Image of Cernunnos, Museum of the Middle Ages, Paris By ChrisO File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Celtic polytheism (also called Druidic polytheism) is the term for the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Celts. ...
The English word spirit comes from the Latin spiritus, meaning breath. ...
Genera About 15 in 4 subfamilies. ...
The Pashupati-like figure on the Gundestrup cauldron The Horned God is a modern syncretic term, invented to link together numerous male nature gods out of such widely-dispersed and historically unconnected mythologies as the Celtic Cernunnos, the Welsh Caerwiden, the English Herne the Hunter, the Hindu Pashupati, the Greek...
Origins Cernunnos is known, from archaeological sources such as inscriptions and depictions, to have been worshipped in Gaul, Northern Italy (Gallia Cisalpina) and the southern coast of Britain. The earliest known probable depiction of Cernunnos was found at Val Camonica in Italy, dating from the 4th century BC, while the best known depiction is on the famous Gundestrup cauldron of pre-Germanic Denmark, dating to the 1st century BC. Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin Gallia, Greek Galatia) was the region of Western Europe occupied by present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...
Province of the Roman Republic, in modern-day northern Italy. ...
Val Camonica is a valley in the lower Alpine regions of Lombardy, Italy. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 4th century BC started on January 1, 400 BC and ended on December 31, 301 BC. // Overview Events Bust of Alexander the Great in the British Museum. ...
A photo of the Gundestrup cauldron. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. ...
In Gallo-Roman religion, his name is known from the "Pillar of the Boatmen" (Pilier des nautes), a monument now displayed in the Musée Nationale du Moyen Age in Paris. It was constructed by Gaulish sailors in the early first century CE, from the inscription (CIL XIII number 03026) probably in the year 14, on the accession of the emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero. It was found in 1710 in the foundations of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris on the site of Lutetia, the civitas capital of the Celtic Parisii tribe. It depicts Cernunnos and other Celtic deities alongside Roman divinities such as Jupiter, Vulcan, Castor, and Pollux. Gallo-Roman religion was a fusion of Roman religious forms and modes of worship with Gaulish deities from Celtic polytheism. ...
Cerunnos image on the pillar The Pillar of the Boatmen (Pilier des nautes) is monument now displayed in the Musée national du Moyen Age in Paris, believed to have been erected by Gallic sailors in the early 1st century AD and was found in 1711 in the foundations of...
The Eiffel Tower, the international symbol of the city For other uses, see Paris (disambiguation). ...
(1st century BC - 1st century - 2nd century - other centuries) The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 99. ...
This is a list of Roman Emperors with the dates they controlled the Roman Empire. ...
Tiberius Claudius Nero may refer to several individuals of the Roman Empire: Tiberius Nero, first husband to Livia and lieutenant of Julius Caesar Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar aka Emperor Tiberius, son of Tiberius and Livia Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Drusus, aka Emperor Claudius, nephew of Tiberius and grandson of Tiberius...
// Events April 10 - The worlds first copyright legislation became effective, Britains Statute of Anne Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Births January 3 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (d. ...
This article is about the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris. ...
Lutetia (sometimes Lutetia Parisiorum or Lucotecia, in French Lutèce) was a town in pre-Roman and Roman Gaul. ...
A Celtic cross. ...
The Parisii (or Quarisii) were a Celtic Iron Age people that lived on the banks of the river Seine (in Latin, Sequana) in Gaul from the middle of the third century B.C. until the Roman era. ...
Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ...
Roman mythology, the mythological beliefs of the people of Ancient Rome, can be considered as having two parts. ...
Adjective Jovian Atmospheric characteristics Atmospheric pressure 70 kPa Hydrogen ~86% Helium ~14% Methane 0. ...
Vulcan, in Roman mythology, is the son of Jupiter and Juno, and husband of Maia and Venus. ...
Castor may refer to one of the following. ...
In Greek mythology, Pollux or Polydeuces was one of the twin sons of Zeus, see Castor and Pollux Pollux is a bright star in the constellation Gemini. ...
The Pilier des nautes provides the earliest written record of the deity's name. Additional evidence is given by two identical inscriptions on metal plaques from Seinsel-Rëlent in Luxembourg, in the territory of the Celtic Treveri tribe. These inscriptions (AE 1987, 0772) read Deo Ceruninco, "to the God Cerunincos". Lastly, a Gaulish inscription (RIG 1, number G-224) written in Greek letters from Montagnac (Hérault, Languedoc-Roussilion, France) reads αλλετ[ει]υος καρνονου αλ[ι]σο[ντ]εας thus giving the name "Carnonos". The Treveri tribe of Gaul inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle, within the southern fringes of the vast Arduenna Silva (Ardennes Forest). ...
Hérault is a département in the southwest of France named after the Hérault River. ...
While the exact relationships cannot be proven, Cernunnos-like deities exist in non-Celtic cultures: Pan of the Greeks, the Minotaur of the Minoans, and Pashupati, the Hindu Lord of the Animals, are all, or were, horned males associated with nature, animals, and the primordial wild. It is possible that all three entities have a common ancestral origin (a "monomyth"), although what this original image was and its parent culture has not yet been discovered. Nevertheless, the consistency in both representation and role is notable. Pashupati(Sanskrit: lord of animals) is a god associated with animals and nature. ...
Of note is "The Sorcerer," a Paleolithic cave painting representing a therianthropic man with horns. As it predates all known representations of Cernunnos, and the Indo-European cultures associated with him, by several thousand years, it cannot be called with certainty a progenitor image. It does, however, suggest that the idea of a Horned Man held ceremonial, magical, or religious significance as early as the Old Stone Age.
Etymology On the Parisii inscription [_]ernunnos, the first letter of the name has been scraped off at some point, but can safely be restituted to "Cernunnos" because of the depiction of an antlered god below the name and the fact that in Gaulish, carnon or cernon means "antler" or "horn" (Delmarre, 1987 pp. 106-107). Similarly cern means "horn" or "bumb, boss" in Old Irish and is etymologically related to similar words carn in Welsh and Breton. These derive from a proto-Indo-European root *krno- which also gave the Latin cornu and Germanic *hurnaz (from which English "horn") (Nussbaum 1986) (Porkorny 1959 pp.574-576). The same Gaulish root is found in the names of tribes such as the Carnutes, Carni, and Carnonacae and in the name of the Gaulish war trumpet, the carnyx. Therefore, the Proto-Celtic form of this theonym can be reconstructed as either *Cerno-on-os or *Carno-on-os, both meaning "horned masculine deity". The -on- is frequently, but not exclusively, found in theonyms (examples: Map-on-os, Ep-on-a, Matr-on-ae, Sir-on-a). Following accepted Celtic sound laws, the Romano-British form of this Proto-Celtic theonym is likely to have been *Cernonos or *Carnonos both directly comparable to the Gaulish form Cernunnos. Gaulish is the name given to the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became dominant in Roman Gaul. ...
The Carnutes (Latin Carnuti), a powerful Celtic people in the heart of independent Gaul, dwelled in a particularly extensive territory between the Sequana (Seine) and the Liger (Loire) rivers. ...
three carnyx players are depicted on plate E of the Gundestrup cauldron. ...
Proto-Celtic, also called Common Celtic, is the putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. ...
Theonym is essentially classical Greek for the name of a god. ...
In Celtic mythology, Maponos or Maponus (divine son) was a god of youth known mainly in northern Britain but also in Gaul. ...
For other uses of Epona, see Epona (disambiguation) Image:Epona link. ...
In Roman mythology, the Matronae (Latin for important mothers/ladies) were three mothering fertility goddesses of peace, children and serenity. ...
In Celtic mythology, Sirona was a goddess worshipped predominantly in East Central Gaul and along the Danubian limes. ...
Sound change or phonetic change is a historical process of language change consisting in the replacement of one speech sound or, more generally, one phonetic feature by another in a given phonological environment. ...
The term Romano-British describes the romanised culture of Britannia under the rule of the Roman Empire, when Roman and Christian culture had extensively entered into the life of the native Brythonic and Pictish peoples of Britain. ...
Look up form in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Iconography The depictions of Cernunnos are strikingly consistent throughout the Celtic world. His most distinctive attribute are his stag's horns, and he is usually portrayed as a mature man with long hair and a beard. He wears a torc, an ornate neck-ring used by the Celts to denote nobility. He often carries other torcs in his hands or hanging from his horns, as well as a purse filled with coins. He is usually portrayed seated and cross-legged, in a position which some have interpreted as meditative or shamanic, although it may only reflect the fact that the Celts squatted on the ground when hunting. Plate A of the Gundestrup cauldron (see also Media:Gundestrup A.png) taken from http://www. ...
Plate A of the Gundestrup cauldron (see also Media:Gundestrup A.png) taken from http://www. ...
A photo of the Gundestrup cauldron. ...
A torc, also spelled torque (from Latin torqueo, to twist, because of the twisted shape of the collar) is a rigid circular necklace that is open-ended at the front. ...
A large statue in Bangalore depicting Shiva meditating Meditation is the practice of focusing the mind, often formalized into a specific routine. ...
The shaman is an intellectual and spiritual figure who is regarded as possessing power and influence on other peoples in the tribe and performs several functions, primarily that of a healer ( medicine man). The shaman provides medical care, and serves other community needs during crisis times, via supernatural means (means...
Cernunnos is nearly always portrayed with animals, in particular the stag. He is also frequently associated with a unique beast that seems to belong primarily to him: a serpent with the horns of a ram. This creature may have been a deity in its own right. He is associated with other beasts less frequently, including bulls (at Reims), dogs and rats. Because of his frequent association with creatures, scholars often describe Cernunnos as the "Lord of the Animals" or the "Lord of Wild Things". Because of his association with stags (a particularly hunted beast) he is also described as the "Lord of the Hunt". Interestingly, the Pilier des nautes links him with sailors and with commerce, suggesting that he was also associated with material wealth as does the coin pouch from the Cernunnos of Reims (Marne, Champagne, France) - in antiquity, Durocortorum, the civitas capital of the Remi tribe - and the stag vomiting coins from Niedercorn-Turbelslach (Luxembourg) in the lands of the Treveri. Genera About 15 in 4 subfamilies. ...
Binomial name Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 A sheep is any of several woolly ruminant quadrupeds, but most commonly the Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries), which probably descends from the wild moufflon of south-central and south-west Asia. ...
Cow and Cows redirect here. ...
Location within France Reims (English traditionally Rheims) (pronounced in French) is a city of northern France, 144 km (89 miles) east-northeast of Paris. ...
Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Puppy redirects here. ...
Species 50 species; see text *Several subfamilies of Muroids include animals called rats. ...
For the Egyptian god Remi, see Rem (mythology); for Saint Remi, see Saint Remigius The Remi were a Belgic tribe of north-eastern Gaul in the 1st century BC. They occupied the northern Champagne plain, on the southern fringes of the Forest of Ardennes, between the rivers Mosa (Meuse) and...
The Treveri tribe of Gaul inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle, within the southern fringes of the vast Arduenna Silva (Ardennes Forest). ...
Medieval traces Traces of the god survived well into Christian times. The literary traditions of both Wales (he is clearly mentioned in "The Mabinogion" in the tale of the Lady of the Fountain) and Ireland contain allusions to him, while in Brittany the legendary saint Korneli (or Cornély) at Carnac has attributes of Cernunnos. It has also been suggested that the English myth of Herne the Hunter is an allusion to Cernunnos, though this seems doubtful as Herne is thought to be a survival of Saxon, rather than Celtic, beliefs and is first mentioned in 1597 in Shakespeare's play The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act 4, Scene 4. It is, however, possible that Herne is a much-diluted incarnation of Cernunnos that was absorbed into the collective Saxon pyche. Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical kingdom, duchy and French province, as well as one of the Celtic Nations . ...
English mythology, like the conglomerate society which it represents, with a long and elaborate history of invasion and settlement by diverse cultures, is one which has nevertheless an entirely idiosyncratic nature of its own. ...
In English mythology, Herne the Hunter is a ghost or monster associated with Windsor Great Park. ...
Events 17 January - A court case in Guildford recorded evidence that a certain plot of land was used for playing “kreckett†(i. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
The Merry Wives of Windsor is a comedy by William Shakespeare featuring the fat knight Falstaff. ...
The Giant of Cerne Abbas in Dorset, England is reputed to be a representation of Cernunnos. This is uncertain, as the image has also been attributed to Hercules and the Dagda. Most obviously, the giant lacks horns.
Neo-Paganism
Wicca In Wicca, imagery derived from historical Celtic culture is sometimes used, including a depiction of Cernunnos, often referred to as The Horned God. This version of Cernunnos is based little on historical findings and more on phallic symbolism, merged from elements of Pan. The adherents generally follow a life-fertility-death cycle for Cernunnos, though his death is now usually set at Samhain, the Gaelic New Year Festival usually taking place on October 31. It should be noted, however, that Wicca is in no way an exact reconstruction of historical Celtic religion and culture, despite claims by some Wiccans. [1] This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ...
The Pashupati-like figure on the Gundestrup cauldron The Horned God is a modern syncretic term, invented in the 20th century to link together numerous male nature gods out of such widely-dispersed and historically unconnected mythologies as the Celtic Cernunnos, the Welsh Caerwiden, the English Herne the Hunter, the...
It has been suggested that Pane (mythology) be merged into this article or section. ...
This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...
References - Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) volume 13, number 03026
- Delmarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnarie de la langue gauloise (2nd ed.) Paris: Editions Errance. ISBN 2-87772-237-6
- Lejeune, Michel (1995) Receuil des Inscriptions Gauloise (RIG) volume 1, Textes gallo-grecs. Paris: Editions du CNRS
- Nussbaum, Alan J. (1986) Head and Horn in Indo-European, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3110104490
- Porkorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch Berlin: Franke Verlag
The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. ...
See also Celtic polytheism (also called Druidic polytheism) is the term for the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Celts. ...
Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism (CR) is a Neopagan religious movement. ...
The Pashupati-like figure on the Gundestrup cauldron The Horned God is a modern syncretic term, invented to link together numerous male nature gods out of such widely-dispersed and historically unconnected mythologies as the Celtic Cernunnos, the Welsh Caerwiden, the English Herne the Hunter, the Hindu Pashupati, the Greek...
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