Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan

Major-General Charles George Gordon, CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. He is remembered for his campaigns in China and northern Africa. The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1833 (MDCCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Pasha, pascha or bashaw (Turkish: paÅŸa) was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system, typically granted to governors and generals. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

Early career

Born in Woolwich, London, the son of Major-General Henry William Gordon (1786-1865) and Elizabeth Gordon, née Enderby (1792-1873), he was educated at the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich, starting in 1848. He was commissioned in 1852 as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Engineers, completing his training at the High School at Chatham, and promoted to full Lieutenant in 1854. , Woolwich town hall dates from when this was a borough in its own right. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Royal Military Academy was founded in 1741 in Woolwich, south-east London. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers (RE), and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army. ... For other uses, see High school (disambiguation). ... , Chatham is a large English town that developed around an important naval dockyard on the east bank of the River Medway to the south-east of London in the county of Kent. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

At first, he was assigned to the construction of fortifications in defence of Milford Haven, Pembrokeshire, Wales. However, the Crimean War broke out and Gordon was ordered on active service, arriving at Balaklava in January 1855. He was put to work in the siege of Sevastopol and took part in the assault of Redan from 18 June to 8 September. He took part in the expedition to Kinburn, and returned to Sevastopol at the end of the conflict. With the peace, Gordon was attached to an international commission delimiting the new boundary between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in Bessarabia. He continued with the surveying work, extending the marking of the boundary into Asia Minor. He returned to Britain towards the end of 1858, and was appointed as an whale at Chatham and was promoted to captain in April 1859. This article is about the town. ... Pembrokeshire (Welsh: ) is a county in the southwest of Wales in the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the country. ... Combatants Allies: Second French Empire British Empire Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Sardinia Russian Empire Bulgarian volunteers Casualties 90,000 French 35,000 Turkish 17,500 British 2,194 Sardinian killed, wounded and died of disease ~134,000 killed, wounded and died of disease The Crimean War (1853–1856) was fought... Balaklava (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a town in the Crimea, Ukraine which has an official status of a district of the city of Sevastopol. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants Second French Empire, United Kingdom Russian Empire Commanders General François Canrobert (later replaced by General Pélissier) Lord Raglen Admiral Kornilov (later replaced by Admiral Pavel Nakhimov) Lt. ... Redan is a term from fortifications. ... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Battle of Kinburn was a naval engagement during the final stage of the Crimean War. ... Location Map of Ukraine with Sevastopol highlighted. ... The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and Ottoman Empire and its allies France and Britain. ... Ottoman redirects here. ... 1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian, Besarabya in Turkish) is a historical term for the geographic entity in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the East and the Prut River on the West. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to... Year 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

China

His stay in the United Kingdom was brief; in 1860 war broke out in China (see the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion). Gordon volunteered to go, arriving at Tianjin in September. He missed the attack on the Taku Forts, but was present at the occupation of Beijing and destruction of the Summer Palace. He remained with the British forces occupying northern China until April 1862, when the troops, under General William Staveley, withdrew to Shanghai to protect the European settlement from the rebel Taiping army which was threatening the city. The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States. ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Combatants Qing China United Kingdom French Empire Commanders Unknown Michael Seymour James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros The Second Opium War or Arrow War was a war of the United Kingdom and France against the Qing Dynasty of China from 1856 to 1860. ... Combatants Qing Empire United Kingdom France (United Kingdom and France join the war later) Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Commanders Xianfeng Emperor Tongzhi Emperor Empress Dowager Cixi Charles George Gordon Frederick Townsend Ward Hong Xiuquan Yang Xiuqing Xiao Chaogui Feng Yunshan Wei Changhui Shi Dakai Li Xiucheng Strength 2,000,000-5...   (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of China. ... The Taku Forts (or Dagu Fort; Chinese: 大沽船坞; pinyin: dagu paotai) are forts located by the Hai He (Peiho River) estuary, in Tanggu District, Tianjin municipality, in northeastern China. ... Peking redirects here. ... The Imperial Gardens as they once stood The Old Summer Palace, known in China as the Gardens of Perfect Clarity (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), and originally called the Imperial Gardens (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), was a complex of palaces and gardens 8 km (5 miles) northwest of the... This article is about 1862 . ... William Staveley (士他花利; b. ... For other uses, see Shanghai (disambiguation). ... Combatants Qing Empire United Kingdom France (United Kingdom and France join the war later) Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Commanders Xianfeng Emperor Tongzhi Emperor Empress Dowager Cixi Charles George Gordon Frederick Townsend Ward Hong Xiuquan Yang Xiuqing Xiao Chaogui Feng Yunshan Wei Changhui Shi Dakai Li Xiucheng Strength 2,000,000-5...

Following the successes in the 1850s in the provinces of Guangxi, Hunan and Hubei, and the capture of Nanjing in 1853 the rebel advance had slowed. For some years, the Taipings gradually advanced eastwards, but eventually they came close enough to Shanghai to alarm the European inhabitants. The city raised a militia of Europeans and Asians for the defence of the town. This force was placed under the command of an American, Frederick Townsend Ward, and occupied the country to the west of Shanghai. // Production of steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Railroads begin to supplant canals in the United States as a primary means of transporting goods. ... For other province-level divisions, see Political divisions of China. ... Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: Guǎngxī; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯族自治區; Pinyin: Guǎngxī Zhuàngzú Zìzhìqū) is a Zhuang autonomous region of... Not to be confused with the unrelated provinces of Hainan, Henan, and Yunnan. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other uses, see Nanjing (disambiguation). ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A European is primarily a person who was born into one of the countries within the continent of Europe. ... This article deals primarily or exclusively with the definition of Asian in English-speaking countries, mainly referring to immigrants or descendants of immigrants living therein. ... Frederick Townsend Ward (1831-1862) was a sailor, mercenary and soldier of fortune famous for his military victories for Imperial China during the Taiping Rebellion. ...

The British arrived at a crucial time. Staveley decided to clear the rebels from within 30 miles from Shanghai in cooperation with Ward and a small French force. Gordon was attached to his staff as engineer officer. Jiading (Kahding), Qingpu (Singpo) and other towns were occupied, and the area was fairly cleared of rebels by the end of 1862. Jiading is one of the 18 districts of Shanghai, Peoples Republic of China. ... Qingpu is one of the districts of Shanghai, China, located to the west of Shanghai city. ... This article is about 1862 . ...

Ward was killed in the Battle of Cixi and his successor was disliked by the Imperial Chinese authorities. Li Hongzhang, the governor of the Jiangsu province, requested Staveley to appoint a British officer to command the contingent. Staveley selected Gordon, who had been made a brevet major in December 1862 and the nomination was approved by the British government. In March 1863 Gordon took command of the force at Songjiang, which had received the name of "Ever Victorious Army". Without waiting to reorganize his troops, Gordon led them at once to the relief of Chansu, a town 40 miles north-west of Shanghai. The relief was successfully accomplished and Gordon had quickly won respect from his troops. His task was made easier by the highly innovative military ideas Ward had implemented in the Ever Victorious Army. The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Li Hongzhang (February 15, 1823 – November 7, 1901) was a Chinese general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire. ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... In the US military, brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily, but usually without receiving the pay of that higher rank. ... This article is about 1862 . ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Songjiang (松江; pinyin: Sōngjiāng; Wade-Giles: Sungkiang) can refer to: Songjiang District, a county-level division of Shanghai, China Before the forming of Shanghai city, Shanghai was called Songjiang county, a part of Suzhou city Songjiang, a former province of China, with capital at Harbin. ... Charles Chinese Gordon, the most famous commander of the Ever Victorious Army The Ever Victorious Army (Chinese: 常勝軍; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang-Sheng Chün) was the name given to an imperial army in late-19th century China. ...

He then reorganised his force and advanced against Kunshan (Quinsan), which was captured at considerable loss. Gordon then took his force through the country, seizing towns until, with the aid of Imperial troops, the city of Suzhou was captured in November. Following a dispute with Li Hongzhang over the execution of rebel leaders, Gordon withdrew his force from Suzhou and remained inactive at Kunshan until February 1864. Gordon then made a rapprochement with Li and visited him in order to arrange for further operations. The "Ever-Victorious Army" resumed its high tempo advance, culminating in the capture of Chanchufu in May, the principal military base of the Taipings in the region. Gordon then returned to Kunshan and disbanded his army. Kunshan ( 昆山; pinyin: Kūnshān; Wade-Giles: Kun-shan) is a county-level city in Jiangsu, China. ... This article is about the city in Jiangsu. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

The Emperor promoted Gordon to the rank of titu, one of the highest grades in the Chinese army, and decorated him with the Yellow Jacket. The British Army promoted Gordon to Lieutenant-Colonel and he was made a Companion of the Bath. He also gained the popular nickname "Chinese Gordon". The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Lieutenant Colonel (Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grades spelling) is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine corps and air forces of the world, typically ranking above a Major and below a Colonel. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... Chinese Gordon as Governor of Sudan Charles George Gordon, C.B. (January 28, 1833 - January 26, 1885), known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British army officer and administrator. ...

Africa

General Gordon

Gordon returned to Britain and commanded the Royal Engineers' efforts around Gravesend, Kent, the erection of forts for the defence of the River Thames. In October 1871, he was appointed British representative on the international commission to maintain the navigation of the mouth of the River Danube, with headquarters at Galatz. In 1872 Gordon was sent to inspect the British military cemeteries in the Crimea, and when passing through Constantinople he made the acquaintance of the prime minister of Egypt, who opened negotiations for Gordon to serve under the khedive. In 1873 Gordon received a definite offer from the khedive, which he accepted with the consent of the British government, and proceeded to Egypt early in 1874. Gordon was made a colonel in the Egyptian army. Image File history File links Charles_George_Gordon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103. ... Image File history File links Charles_George_Gordon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103. ... Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. ... For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ... This article is about the River Thames in southern England. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the Danube River. ... Galaztz may refer to the followings: Galati - a town in sexville Romania Galil Tzalafim - a sniper version of the sexy Israeli Galil assult rifle. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Motto Процветание в единстве(Russian) Protsvetanie v edinstve(transliteration) Prosperity in unity Anthem Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина(Russian) Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina(transliteration) Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) with respect to Ukraine (light blue). ... This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ... Ismail Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The Egyptian authorities had been extending their control southwards since the 1820s. An expedition was sent up the White Nile, under Sir Samuel Baker, which reached Khartoum in February 1870 and Gondokoro in June 1871. Baker met with great difficulties and managed little beyond establishing a few posts along the Nile. The khedive asked for Gordon to succeed Baker as governor of the region. After a short stay in Cairo, Gordon proceeded to Khartoum via Suakin and Berber. From Khartoum, he proceeded up the White Nile to Gondokoro. Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade: Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827). ... The White Nile is a river of Africa, one of the two main tributaries of the Nile, the other being the Blue Nile. ... Sir Samuel White Baker (8 June 1821-30 December 1893) was an English explorer. ... Nickname: Khartoums location in Sudan Coordinates: , Government  - Governor Abdul Halim al Mutafi Population (2005)  - Urban Over 1 Million For other uses, see Khartoum (disambiguation). ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Gondokoro was a trading-station on the east bank of the White Nile in southern Sudan, 750 miles south of Khartoum. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Nile (Arabic: , transliteration: , Ancient Egyptian iteru, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ...

Gordon remained in the Gondokoro provinces until October 1876. He had succeeded in establishing a line of way stations from the Sobat confluence on the White Nile to the frontier of Uganda, where he proposed to open a route from Mombasa. In 1874 he built the station at Dufile on the Albert Nile to reassemble steamers carried there past rapids for the exploration of Lake Albert. Considerable progress was made in the suppression of the slave trade. However, Gordon had come into conflict with the Egyptian governor of Khartoum and Sudan. The clash led to Gordon informing the khedive that he did not wish to return to the Sudan and he left for London. Ismail Pasha wrote to him saying that he had promised to return, and that he expected him to keep his word. Gordon agreed to return to Cairo, but insisted that he be appointed governor-general of the entire Sudan. After some discussion the khedive agreed, and made him governor-general of the entire Sudan Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Mombasa is the second largest city in Kenya, lying on the Indian Ocean. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Dufile, also Dufilé, Duffli, Duffle or Dufli, was originally a fort located on the Albert Nile just inside Uganda close to a site chosen in 1874 by (then Colonel) Charles George Gordon. ... The White Nile is a river of Africa, one of the two main branches of the Nile, the other being the Blue Nile. ... For other uses, see Lake Albert (disambiguation). ... Slave redirects here. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

As governor, Gordon faced a variety of challenges. Relations between Egypt and Abyssinia (later renamed Ethiopia) had become strained due to a dispute over the district of Bogos, and war broke out in 1875. An Egyptian expedition was completely defeated near Gundet. A second and larger expedition, under Prince Hassan, was sent the following year and was routed at Gura. Matters then remained quiet until March 1877, when Gordon proceeded to Massawa hoping to make peace with the Abyssinians. He went up to Bogos and wrote to the king proposing terms. However, he received no reply as the king had gone southwards to fight with the Shoa. Gordon, seeing that the Abyssinian difficulty could wait, proceeded to Khartoum. This article needs cleanup. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article needs cleanup. ...

An insurrection had broken out in Darfur and Gordon went there. The insurgents were numerous and he saw that diplomacy had a better chance of success. Gordon, accompanied only by an interpreter, rode into the enemy's camp to discuss the situation. This bold move proved successful, as many of the insurgents joined him, though the remainder retreated to the south. Gordon then visited the provinces of Berber and Dongola, and then returned to the Abyssinian frontier before ending up back in Khartoum in January 1878. Gordon was summoned to Cairo, and arrived in March to be appointed president of a commission. The khedive was deposed in 1879 in favour of his son. An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority, by any irregular armed force that rises up against an enforced or established authority, government, or administration. ... For other uses, see Darfur (disambiguation). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Gordon returned south and proceeded to Harrar, south of Abyssinia, and, finding the administration in poor standing, dismissed the governor. He then returned to Khartoum, and went again into Darfur to suppress the slave traders. His subordinate, Gessi Pasha, fought with great success in the Bahr-el-Ghazal district in putting an end to the revolt there. Gordon then tried another peace mission to Abyssinia. The matter ended with Gordon's imprisonment and transfer to Massawa. Thence he returned to Cairo and resigned his Sudan appointment. He was exhausted by the years of incessant work. Harar, also spelled Harrar, is a city in Ethiopia, situated in the eastern extension of the Ethiopian highlands, about five hundred km from Addis Ababa. ... Romolo Gessi (1831 - 1881), also called Gessi Pasha, was an Italian soldier and an explorer of north-east Africa, especially Sudan and the Nile River. ... The Bahr el Ghazal is both a river and a region of southwestern Sudan, the region taking its name from the river. ...

In March 1880 Gordon visited King Leopold in Brussels and was invited to take charge of the Congo Free State. In April, the government of the Cape Colony offered him the position of commandant of the Cape local forces. In May the Marquess of Ripon, who had been given the post of Governor-General of India, asked Gordon to go with him as private secretary. Gordon accepted the offer, but shortly after arriving in India he resigned. Hardly had he resigned when he was invited by Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet, inspector-general of customs in China, to Beijing. He arrived in China in July and met Li Hongzhang, and learnt that there was risk of war with Russia. Gordon proceeded to Beijing and used all his influence to ensure peace. Gordon returned to Britain, but in April 1881 left for Mauritius as Commanding Royal Engineer. He remained in Mauritius until March 1882, when he was promoted to major-general. He was sent to the Cape to aid in settling affairs in Basutoland. He returned to the United Kingdom after only a few months. Being unemployed, Gordon decided to go to Palestine, a country he had long desired to visit; he would remain there for a year. The king of the Belgians then asked him again to take charge of the Congo Free State. He accepted and returned to London to make preparations, but soon after his arrival the British requested that he proceed immediately to the Sudan, where the situation had declined badly after his departure -- another revolt had arisen, led by the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Mohammed Ahmed. Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... King Leopold usually refers to one of these Belgian kings: Leopold I of Belgium (1790-1865), first king of the Belgians; Leopold II of Belgium (1835-1909), known (among other things) for the exploitation of Congo; Leopold III of Belgium (1901-1983), known (among other things) for the monarchical crisis... For other places with the same name, see Brussels (disambiguation). ... Capital Boma Government Monarchy Ruler and owner Leopold II of Belgium Historical era New Imperialism  - Established 1885  - Annexation by Belgium 15 November, 1908 The Congo Free State was a corporate state privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians through a dummy non-governmental organization, the Association Internationale Africaine. ... Anthem: God Save the Queen Cape Colony Capital Cape Town Language(s) English and Dutch1 Religion Dutch Reformed Church, Anglican Government Constitutional monarchy Last Monarch King George VI Last Prime Minister  - 1908 – 1910 John X. Merriman Last Governor  - 1901 - 1910 Walter Hely-Hutchinson Historical era 19th century  - Dutch East India... George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (24 October 1827 - 9 July 1909) was a British politician who served in every Liberal cabinet from 1861 until his death forty-eight years later. ... The Governor-Generals Flag (1885–1947) depicted the Star of India on a Union Flag. ... Sir Robert Hart, 1st Baronet GCMG (20 February 1835 – 20 September 1911) attended Wesley College, Dublin and was a British consular official in China. ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... The mountainous and largely arid land that came to be Basutoland was populated by San (bushmen, Qhuaique) until the end of the 16th century. ... This article is about the geographical area known as Palestine. ... The royal palace in Brussels Successive Belgian kings are Leopold I (1831-1865) Leopold II (1865-1909) Albert I (1909-1934) Leopold III (1934-1951) abdicated Prince Charles of Belgium (1944-1950) Prince Regent Baudouin I (1951-1993) Albert II (1993- ) None of these were King of Belgium: their title... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... Muhammad Ahmed ibn-Seyyid Abdullah (otherwise known as The Mahdi or Mohammed Ahmed) (1845 – 1885) was a Sudanese revolutionary. ...

The Egyptian forces in the Sudan were insufficient to cope with the rebels, and the northern government was occupied in the suppression of the Arabi revolt. By September 1882 the Sudanese position had grown perilous. In December 1883, the British government ordered Egypt to abandon the Sudan, but abandonment was difficult to carry out as it involved the withdrawal of thousands of Egyptian soldiers, civilian employees and their families. The British government asked Gordon to proceed to Khartoum to report on the best method of carrying out the evacuation. Colonel Ahmad Urabi (April 1, 1841 - September 21, 1911), (Arabic: أحمد عرابي) also known as Urabi Pasha or Orabi Pasha, was an Egyptian army general who revolted against the khedive and European domination of Egypt in 1879 in what has become known as the Urabi Revolt. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Gordon started for Cairo in January 1884, accompanied by Lt Col J D H Stewart. At Cairo, he received further instructions from Sir Evelyn Baring, and was appointed governor-general with executive powers. Travelling through Korosko and Berber, he arrived at Khartoum on February 18, where he offered his earlier foe, the slave-king Sebehr Rahma, release from prison in exchange for leading troops against Ahmed.^[1] Gordon commenced the task of sending the women and children and the sick and wounded to Egypt, and about 2,500 had been removed before the Mahdi’s forces closed in. Gordon hoped to have the influential local leader Sebehr Rahma appointed to take control of Sudan, but the British government refused to support a former slaver. Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... John Donald Hamill Stewart (1845-1884) accompanied General Gordon to Khartoum in 1884 where he assisted Gordon . ... Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, by Leslie Ward, 1902. ... is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1889 illustration A Sudanese Arab slave trader in the late 19th-century, Sebehr Rahma (also Al-Zobeir Rahma, Rahama Zobeir[1]) later became an Egyptian pasha and Sudanese governor. ...

The advance of the rebels against Khartoum was combined with a revolt in the eastern Sudan; the Egyptian troops at Suakin were repeatedly defeated. A British force was sent to Suakin under General Sir Gerald Graham, and forced the rebels away in several hard-fought actions. Gordon urged that the road from Suakin to Berber be opened, but his request was refused by the government in London, and in April Graham and his forces were withdrawn and Gordon and the Sudan were abandoned. The garrison at Berber surrendered in May and Khartoum was completely isolated. Photo submitted by Gerald Napier - (from the Royal Engineers Library with permission) Sir Gerald Graham, VC GCB GCMG (27 June 1831 - 17 December 1899) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded...

Charlton Heston (right) as Gordon with Richard Johnson (left) as Colonel J.D.H. Stewart in the 1966 film Khartoum (film)

Gordon organised the defence of Khartoum, with a siege starting on March 18, 1884. The British had decided to abandon the Sudan, but it was clear that Gordon had other plans, and the public increasingly called for his relief. It was not until August that the government decided to take steps to relieve Gordon, and only by November was the British relief force, called the Nile Expedition under the command of Field Marshal Garnet Wolseley, ready. This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... Charlton Heston (right) as Gordon with Richard Johnson (left) as Colonel J.D.H. Stewart Khartoum is a 1966 film written by Robert Ardrey and directed by Basil Dearden. ... is the 77th day of the year (78th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Nile Expedition was a British mission to relieve Major-General Charles George Gordon at Khartoum, Sudan. ... 1882 caricature from Punch Garnet Joseph Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley of Cairo, (June 4, 1833 - March 26, 1913) was a British field marshal. ...

The force consisted of two groups, a "flying column" of camel-borne troops from Wadi Halfa. The troops reached Korti towards the end of December, and arrived at Metemma on January 20, 1885. There they found four gunboats which had been sent south by Gordon four months earlier, and prepared them for the trip back up the Nile. On the 24th, two of the steamers started for Khartoum, but on arriving there on the 28th, they found that the city had been captured and Gordon dead, having been killed two days previously (2 days before his 52nd birthday). After he had been beheaded by Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed's soldiers, his head was displayed on a pike. Wadi Halfa is a town in Northern State, Sudan, on the shores of Lake Nuba (the Sudanese section of Lake Nasser). ... Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... Muhammad Ahmed ibn-Seyyid Abdullah (otherwise known as The Mahdi or Mohammed Ahmed) (1845 – 1885) was a Sudanese revolutionary. ...

Gordon and Calvary

After his visit to Palestine in 1882-83, Gordon suggested a different location for Golgotha, the site of Christ's crucifixion, to the traditional site to the north of the Holy Sepulchre. This site, now known as "The Garden Tomb", and sometimes as "Gordon's Calvary", is regarded by many as a logical location. Gordon's interest was created by his religious beliefs, as he had become an evangelical Christian during mid-life. [1] This article is about the geographical area known as Palestine. ... Calvary (Golgotha) was the hill outside Jerusalem on which Jesus was crucified. ... This page is about the title, office or what is known in Christian theology as the Divine Person. ... For other uses, see Crucifixion (disambiguation). ... The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, called Church of the Resurrection (Anastasis) by Eastern Christians, is a Christian church now within the walled Old City of Jerusalem. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Evangelicalism, in a strictly lexical, but rarely used sense, refers to all things that are implied in belief that Jesus is the savior. ...

Remembered as a hero

Joy's portrayal of Gordon's death

The manner of his death is uncertain but it was romanticised in a popular painting by George William Joy - General Gordon's Last Stand (1885, currently in the Leeds City Art Gallery) - and again in the film Khartoum (1966) with Charlton Heston as Gordon. Image File history File linksMetadata Gordondeath. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Gordondeath. ... George William Joy (1844–1925) was a British painter perhaps best known for his depiction of the final moments of British General Charles George Gordon in a painting entitled General Gordons Last Stand (1885). ... Charlton Heston (right) as Gordon with Richard Johnson (left) as Colonel J.D.H. Stewart Khartoum is a 1966 film written by Robert Ardrey and directed by Basil Dearden. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... This article contains a trivia section. ...

Gordon's School^[2] in West End, Surrey near Woking was dedicated to his memory. Gordon was supposedly Queen Victoria's favourite general, hence the fact that the school was commissioned by Queen Victoria. Gordons School was built by Queen Victoria as a memorial to Gordon of Khartoum. ... West End is a village in the county of Surrey. ... This article is about the English county. ... , See Woking (borough) for the administrative district. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from 1 May 1876, until her death on 22 January 1901. ...

Gordon's memory (as well as his work in supervising the town's riverside fortifications) is commemorated in Gravesend; the embankment of the Riverside Leisure Area is known as the Gordon Promenade, while Khartoum Place lies just to the south. In the town centre of his birthplace of Woolwich, is General Gordon Square. Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. ...

In 1888 a statue of Gordon by Hamo Thornycroft was erected in Trafalgar Square, London, removed in 1943 and in 1953 moved to the Victoria Embankment. An identical statue by Thornycroft is located in Gordon Reserve near Parliament House in Melbourne, Australia (a statue of his relative, Adam Lindsay Gordon, lies in the same reserve). Funded by donations from 100,000 citizens, it was unveiled in 1889. For the toll-free telephone number see Toll-free telephone number Year 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... (William) Hamo Thornycroft (1850–1925) was a British sculptor, responsible for several London landmarks. ... Trafalgar Square viewed from the northeast corner. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Victoria Embankment, London The Victoria Embankment, previously the Thames Embankment is a road and walkway along the north bank of the River Thames in London in the cities of Westminster and London. ... Parliament House, Melbourne Parliament House, Melbourne, has been the seat of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia, since 1855, except for the years 1901 to 1928, when it was occupied by the Parliament of Australia. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... Adam Lindsay Gordon - Melbourne monument Adam Lindsay Gordon (October 19, 1833 – 24 June 1870) was an Australian poet, jockey and politician. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

The Corps of Royal Engineers, Gordon's own Corps, commissioned a statue of Gordon on a camel. It was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1890 and then erected in Brompton Barracks, Chatham, the home of the Royal School of Military Engineering, where it still stands. Much later a second casting was made and installed at Khartoum. This is the figure which now stands at the Gordon School. The Royal Engineers Museum adjoining the Barracks has many artefacts relating to Gordon including personal possessions. There are also memorials to Gordon in the nearby Rochester Cathedral. The Corps of Royal Engineers (RE), commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army. ... The Royal Academy of Arts is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly, London, England. ... Rochester Cathedral is a Norman church in Rochester, Kent. ...

In addition to the above memorials, an imposing statue of General Gordon (looking suspiciously like Charlton Heston) can be found in Aberdeen outside the main gates of The Robert Gordon University. For other uses, see Aberdeen (disambiguation). ... The Robert Gordon University (often known as RGU) is a modern university located in Aberdeen, Scotland. ...

A rather fine stained-glass portrait is to be found on the main stairs of the Booloominbah building at the University of New England, in Armidale, New South Wales, Australia. The University of New England (UNE) was originally formed in 1938 as the New England University College, a College of the University of Sydney. ... Armidale (population 22,000) is a university city in northwestern New South Wales, Australia, and is the administrative centre for the New England region. ... “NSW” redirects here. ...

The Fairey Gordon Bomber, designed to act as part of the RAF's colonial 'aerial police force' in the Imperial territories that he helped conquer (India and North Africa), was named in his honour. The Fairey Gordon was a British light bomber and utility aircraft. ... For other uses, see Bomber (disambiguation). ...

The City of Geelong, Victoria, Australia created a memorial in the form of the Gordon Technical College, which was later renamed the Gordon Institute of Technology. Part of the Institute continues under the name Gordon Institute of TAFE and the remainder was amalgamated with the Geelong State College to become Deakin University. This article is about the Victorian city; the name may also refer to City of Geelong or Geelong city centre. ... The Gordon Institute of TAFE is the TAFE institute servicing Geelong, Victoria. ... Deakin University is a large Australian public university with around 32,000 students studying Bachelor, Masters, Doctoral and Professional programs as of 2004. ...

The suburbs of Gordon in northern Sydney and Gordon Park in northern Brisbane were named after General Gordon. An elementary school in Vancouver, British Columbia, is named after General Gordon. Gordon Memorial College is a school in Khartoum. A grammar school in Medway, Kent, England, called Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School, has a house named in honour of Charles George Gordon, called Gordon. // Gordon may refer to any of the following: Gordon is a traditional Scottish clan name (see Clan Gordon) and it is now a common given name and a less common surname. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Gordon Memorial College is an educational institution in Sudan. ... A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as elementary). Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin... Medway is the name given to a conurbation in the north of Kent, England. ... For other uses, see Kent (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The school after it was rebuilt in 1895. ...

In Gloucester there is rugby union league called Gordon League which was formed in 1888 by Agnes Jane Waddy. The club plays in Western Counties North. The Gordon League Fishing Club uses the rugby club as it home. Members fish on the nearby Gloucester to Sharpness Canal and in national competitions. Gordon's Boys' Clubs were organised after General Gordon's death and the Gloucester Gordon League may be the last remaining example. This article is about the city of Gloucester in England; for other uses see Gloucester (disambiguation). ... // Gordon may refer to any of the following: Gordon is a traditional Scottish clan name (see Clan Gordon) and it is now a common given name and a less common surname. ...

General Gordon's heroics have also been drawn on in the recent novel 'The Triumph of the Sun' by Wilbur Smith.

See also

• Battle of Khartoum
• Battle of Omdurman
• Khartoum (film)
• The Four Feathers (1939 film)
• The Four Feathers (2002 film)

The Battle of Khartoum was fought in 1884 and 1885 between Sudanese Muslim forces and British forces. ... Combatants  United Kingdom  Egypt Mahdist Sudan Commanders Horatio Kitchener Abdullah al-Taashi Strength 8,200 British, 17,600 Sudanese and Egyptian soldiers 52,000 warriors Casualties 48 dead 434 wounded 9,700 killed 13,000 wounded 5,000 captured At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded... Charlton Heston (right) as Gordon with Richard Johnson (left) as Colonel J.D.H. Stewart Khartoum is a 1966 film written by Robert Ardrey and directed by Basil Dearden. ... The Four Feathers is a 1939 adventure film directed by Zoltan Korda, starring John Clements, Ralph Richardson, June Duprez, C. Aubrey Smith. ... The Four Feathers is a 2002 drama film directed by Shekhar Kapur, starring Heath Ledger, Wes Bentley and Kate Hudson. ...

Notes

References

• Beresford, John [1936] (1977) Storm and peace, London : Cobden-Sanderson, 269 p.
• Churchill, Winston, Sir, [1899] (2000) The River War, New York : Carroll & Graf ; Partridge Green : Biblios, ISBN 0-7867-0751-8
• Pollock, John (1993) Gordon : the man behind the legend, London : Constable, ISBN 0-09-468560-6
• Smith, George Barnett (1896) General Gordon The Christian soldier and hero, London : S.W. Partridge & Co., 160 p.
• Strachey, G. Lytton, [1918] (1988) The Eminent Victorians, Illustrated Ed., London : Bloomsbury, ISBN 0-7475-0218-8
• Wortham, Hugh Evelyn (1933) Gordon : an intimate portrait, London : Harrap, 342 p.

External links

• General Gordon Elementary School Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

• Chinese Gordon on the Soudan Gordon's famous interview to the Pall Mall Gazette, 1884
• Gordon School Website London, England
• Royal Engineers Museum Royal Engineers biographies (Charles George Gordon)
• [2]

General Gordon Elementary School in Vancouver, British Columbia, is an elementary school. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...