Sherrington is considered one of the fathers of neuroscience.

Sir Charles Scott Sherrington OM GBE, (November 27, 1857 – March 4, 1952) was a British scientist known for his contributions to physiology and neuroscience. He shared the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edgar Douglas Adrian for their work with neurons. Charles_Scott_Sherrington From the NIH website, Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. ... Charles_Scott_Sherrington From the NIH website, Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. ... Neuroscience is a field of study that deals with the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system, divided into the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of the myriad nerve pathways running throughout the body. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... Commanders Badge of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions, in order of seniority: Knight or Dame Grand Cross... November 27 is the 331st day (332nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Albert Einstein is almost without question, currently the most widely recognized scientist among the general public. ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Neuroscience is a field of study that deals with the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system, divided into the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), and the peripheral nervous system, consisting of the myriad nerve pathways running throughout the body. ... 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (born London, 30 November 1889, died London, 4 August 1977) was a British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons. ... Drawing by Santiago Ramón y Cajal of cells in the pigeon cerebellum. ...

Research

Sherrington used reflexes in the spinal cord as a way of investigating the general properties of neurons and the nervous system. These experiments led him to postulate "Sherrington's law of reciprocal innervation," which states that for every neural activation of a muscle, there is a corresponding inhibition of the opposing muscle. Sherrington is also known for his study of the synapse, a word which he coined for the then-theoretical connecting point of neurons. One of Sherrington's students, John Carew Eccles later won the Nobel Prize in 1963 for his work on the synapse. Other neuroscience research done by Sherrington investigated proprioception and the neural control of posture. A reflex action or reflex is a biological control system linking stimulus to response and mediated by a reflex arc. ... Cross-section through cervical spinal cord. ... The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses, and initiates actions. ... Sherringtons law of reciprocal innervation states that for every neural activation of a muscle, there is a corresponding inhibition of the opposing muscle. ... A top-down view of skeletal muscle Muscle is the contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells. ... Illustration of the major elements in a prototypical synapse. ... Sir John Carew Eccles (January 27, 1903 – May 2, 1997) was an Australian neurophysiologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... Proprioception (from Latin proprius, meaning ones own and perception) is the sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to other neighbouring parts of the body. ... While not moving, a human can be in one of the following main positions. ...

In addition to the nervous system, Sherrington studied a number of pressing medical issues of his time. In 1885 he went to Spain to investigate an outbreak of cholera and met Santiago Ramon y Cajal there. He also learned techniques in bacteriology from Robert Koch while studying an outbreak of cholera in Berlin. 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Cholera (also called Asiatic cholera) is an infectious disease, caused by bacteria that are typically ingested by drinking water that is contaminated by improper sanitation, or by eating improperly cooked fish, especially shellfish. ... Santiago Ramon y Cajal Santiago Ramón y Cajal (May 1, 1852 - October 17/18, 1934) was a famous Spanish histologist and father of neuroscience. ... Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fungi, and viruses. ... Robert Koch For the American lobbyist, see Bobby Koch. ... (help· info), IPA: , is the capital city as well as a state of Germany, and also the countrys largest city. ...

Biography

Sherrington was born in London, England. He studied physiology under Sir Michael Foster at Cambridge University. In 1887 Sherrington joined the faculty of St Thomas's medical school. In 1895, he became a professor at the University of Liverpool. He took over the Waynflete Professorship in Physiology at Oxford University in 1913. He served as president of the Royal Society from 1920 to 1925. Sherrington received the Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire in 1922 and the Order of Merit in 1924. Sherrington retired from Oxford in 1935, but continued to lecture and write. He died in Eastbourne, Sussex. The Houses of Parliament and the clock tower containing Big Ben Part of the London skyline viewed from the South Bank London is the capital of the United Kingdom and England. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Sir Michael Foster (March 8, 1836 - January 29, 1907) was an English physiologist. ... The University of Cambridge, located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... Saint Thomas’ Hospital. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The University of Liverpool is a university in the city of Liverpool in the United Kingdom. ... The academic post of Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy is a statutory professorship at the University of Oxford. ... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Commanders Badge of the Order of the British Empire The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is an order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by George V. The Order includes five classes in civil and military divisions, in decreasing order of seniority: Knight or Dame Grand... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... // Eastbourne is a medium-sized town in East Sussex, on the south coast of England, with a population, according to the 2001 Census, of around 90,000. ... Sussex is a traditional county in south-eastern England, corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. ...

Sherrington crater was named after him by the IAU. Sherrington is a small lunar crater that is intruding into the southwest outer rim of the much larger Langemak crater. ... Logo of the IAU The International Astronomical Union (French: Union astronomique internationale) unites national astronomical societies from around the world. ...

Bibliography

• The Integrative Action of the Nervous System New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906
• Mammalian physiology. Oxford and London, 1919.
• The Reflex Activity of the Spinal Cord Oxford, 1932.
• The Brain and Its Mechanism. Cambridge, 1933
• Man on His Nature The Gifford lectures, Edinburgh: New York: MacMillan, 1937-1938.

References

• Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1922-1941, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1965.

External link

Nobel Prize Biography