In chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, reliable, and established to work in multiple laboratories. For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Chemical reaction (disambiguation). ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

A chemical synthesis begins by selection of compounds that are known as reagents or reactants. Various reaction types can be applied to these to synthesize the product, or an intermediate product. The amount of product in a chemical synthesis is the reaction yield. Typically, chemical yields are expressed as a weight in grams or as a percentage of the total theoretical quantity of product that could be produced. A side reaction is an unwanted chemical reaction taking place that diminishes the yield of the desired product. A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... A reagent is a material used to start a {[chemical reaction]}. For example hydrochloric acid is the chemical reagent that would cause calcium carbonate to release carbon dioxide. ... A reactant or reagent is any substance initially present in a chemical reaction. ... This page aims to list well-known chemical reactions, name reactions, name reagents, and name rules to stimulate the creation of Wikipedia articles. ... It has been suggested that theoretical yield be merged into this article or section. ... Yield in chemistry, also known as chemical yield and reaction yield, is the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. ... BIC pen cap, about 1 gram. ...

The word synthesis in the present day meaning was first used by the chemist Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe. Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (September 27, 1818 – November 25, 1884) was a chemist. ...

Strategies

Many strategies exist in chemical synthesis that go beyond converting reactant A to reaction product B. In cascade reactions multiple chemical transformations take place within a single reactant, in multi-component reactions up to 11 different reactants form a single reaction product and in a telescopic synthesis one reactant goes through multiple transformations without isolation of intermediates. A reactant or reagent is any substance initially present in a chemical reaction. ... A cascade reaction or tandem reaction or domino reaction is a consecutive series of intramolecular organic reactions which often proceed via highly reactive intermediates. ... In chemistry, a multi-component reaction (or MCR) is a chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product. ... In chemistry a one-pot synthesis is a strategy with the aim to improve the effiency of a chemical reaction whereby a reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions in one and the same reactor. ...

Organic synthesis

Main article: Organic synthesis

Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis dealing with the synthesis of organic compounds. In the total synthesis of a complex product it may take multiple steps to synthesize the product of interest, and inordinate amounts of time. Skill in organic synthesis is prized among chemists and the synthesis of exceptionally valuable or difficult compounds has won chemists such as Robert Burns Woodward the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. If a chemical synthesis starts from basic laboratory compounds and yields something new, it is a purely synthetic process. If it starts from a product isolated from plants or animals and then proceeds to a new compounds, the synthesis is described as a semisynthetic process. Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... Benzene is the simplest of the arenes, a family of organic compounds An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen; therefore, carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon are not organic (see below for more on the definition controversy... A total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple, commercially available (petrochemical) precursors. ... Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... Robert Burns Woodward (April 10, 1917–July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... Synthesis (from the ancient Greek σύν (with) and θεσις (placing), is commonly understood to be an integration of two or more pre-existing elements which results in a new creation. ... A semisynthetic or partial chemical synthesis uses compounds isolated from natural sources (e. ...

Other meanings

The other meaning of chemical synthesis is narrow and restricted to a specific kind of chemical reaction, a direct combination reaction, in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The general form of a direct combination reaction is: Combination Reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances are chemically bonded together to produce a product. ...

A + B → AB

where A and B are elements or compounds, and AB is a compound consisting of A and B. Examples of combination reactions include: The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ...

2Na + Cl₂ → 2 NaCl (formation of table salt)

S + O₂ → SO₂ (formation of sulfur dioxide)

4 Fe + 3 O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃ (iron rusting)

CO₂ + H₂O → H₂CO₃ (carbon dioxide dissolving and reacting with water to form carbonic acid)

marshmellow + chocolate + graham crackers → S'mores For sodium in the diet, see Edible salt. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. ... R-phrases 36 S-phrases none Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Other anions NaF, NaBr, NaI Other cations LiCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 Related salts Sodium acetate Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... For other uses, see Iron (disambiguation). ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Iron(III) oxide - also known as ferric oxide, red iron oxide, synthetic maghemite, rouge,or rust - is one of several oxide compounds of iron, and is most notable for its ferromagnetic properties. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Carbonic acid (ancient name acid of air or aerial acid) has the formula H2CO3. ...

4 special synthesis rules:

metal-oxide + H₂O → metal(OH)

non-metal-oxide + H₂O → oxi-acid

metal-chloride + O₂ → metal-chlorate

metal-oxide + CO₂ → metal(CO₃)

See also

• Chemical engineering
• Template-directed synthesis
• Organic synthesis
• Total synthesis
• Peptide synthesis
• Methods in Organic Synthesis