Canal at Swain's Lock

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal map

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, abbreviated as the C&O Canal, and occasionally referred to as the "Grand Old Ditch," operated from 1836 until 1924 parallel to the Potomac River in Maryland from Cumberland, Maryland to Washington, DC. The total length of the canal is about 184.5 miles (300 km). The elevation change of 605 ft (185 m) was accommodated with 74 canal locks. To enable the canal to cross relatively small streams, over 150 culverts were built. The crossing of major streams required the construction of 11 aqueducts (10 of which remain). The canal also extends through the 3120 ft (950 m) Paw Paw Tunnel. The principal cargo was coal from the Allegheny Mountains. The canal way is now maintained as a park, with a linear trail following the old towpath, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 1341 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 1341 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 226 × 598 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,740 × 7,248 pixels, file size: 6. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 226 × 598 pixelsFull resolution‎ (2,740 × 7,248 pixels, file size: 6. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States (USA). ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N... Portal:Cumberland, Maryland Top * Places * Culture * Media * Companies * Education * History * People * Religion * Sports * Trans* Tourism For other places with the same name, see Cumberland (disambiguation). ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... For other uses, see Canal (disambiguation). ... The Locks on the C&O Canal in the USA were numbered from 1 to 75 with two locks, 63â…“ and 64â…”, having fractional numbers and no lock 65. ... A culvert is a flowing body of water which passes underneath a road, railway, or embankment, or the part thereof that does so. ... For other uses, see Aqueduct (disambiguation). ... Paw Paw Tunnel The Paw Paw Tunnel is a 3,118 ft. ... The Allegheny Mountain Range (also spelled Alleghany and Allegany) -- informally, the Alleghenies -- is part of the Appalachian Mountain Range of the eastern United States. ... For other uses, see Canal (disambiguation). ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... “Footpath” redirects here. ... A towpath on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal A towpath is a road or track that runs alongside the banks of a river, canal or other inland waterway. ... The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park is a National Park Service_managed National Historical Park in northern Maryland that was established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1961. ...

History

Civilian Conservation Corps workers restoring the canal in 1939

George Washington had a large part in its creation. Washington founded the Potowmack Company in 1785 to make improvements to the Potomac River in order to improve its navigability. The Patowmack Company built a number of skirting canals around the major falls including the Patowmack Canal in Virginia. When completed, it allowed boats and rafts to float downstream towards Georgetown. Going upstream was a bit harder. Slim boats could be slowly poled upriver. The completion of the Erie Canal worried southern traders that their business might be threatened by the Northern canal; plans for a canal linking the Ohio and Cheasapeake were drawn up as early as 1820. In 1824, the holdings of the Potowmac Company were ceded to the Chesapeake and Ohio Company. Benjamin Wright, formely Chief Engineer of the Erie Canal, was named Chief Engineer of this new effort, and construction began with a groundbreaking ceremony on July 4, 1828 by President John Quincy Adams. Civilian Conservation Corps workers renovating the C&O Canal in Washington, D.C., 1939. ... Civilian Conservation Corps workers renovating the C&O Canal in Washington, D.C., 1939. ... CCC workers on road construction, Camp Euclid, Ohio 1936 The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program for young men from unemployed families, established on March 19, 1933 by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... The Potomac Company was created in 1785 to make improvements to the Potomac River in order to improve its navigability. ... The Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States (USA). ... The Patowmack Canal is a canal in the United States of America. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The familiar golden dome of Washingtons once venerable Riggs Bank, now amalgamated into PNC Bank, at the northeast corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street NW. Georgetown in red Georgetown is a neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River waterfront. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Benjamin Wright (October 10, 1770 - August 24, 1842) was a noted American civil engineer who served as Chief Engineer of both the Erie Canal and Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... Year 1828 (MDCCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... President of the United States - The President of the United States The American President (film) - A Romantic Comedy surrounding a fictional President of the United States and his attempts to win over an attractive lobbyist This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and the sixth President of the United States (March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829). ...

In 1836, the canal was used as a Star Route for the carriage of mails from Georgetown to Shepherdstown using canal packets. The contract was held by Albert Humrickhouse at $1,000 per annum for a daily service of 72 book miles. The familiar golden dome of Washingtons once venerable Riggs Bank, now amalgamated into PNC Bank, at the northeast corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street NW. Georgetown in red Georgetown is a neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River waterfront. ... Shepherdstown is a town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA. The population was 803 at the 2000 census. ...

In 1843, the Potomac Aqueduct Bridge was constructed near the present-day Key Bridge to connect the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal to the Alexandria Canal which led to Alexandria, Virginia. First Aqueduct Bridge Second Aqueduct Bridge Third Aqueduct Bridge The Aqueduct Bridge (also called Alexandria Aqueduct) was a bridge between Georgetown, Washington, D.C., and Rosslyn, Virginia, in Arlington County. ... The Francis Scott Key Bridge, or, more commonly, the Key Bridge, is a reinforced concrete arch bridge conveying U.S. Highway 29 traffic across the Potomac River between the Rosslyn section of Arlington County, Virginia, and the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C. It was built by the U.S... Alexandria Canal Center with restored Tidal Basin and Tidal Lock The Alexandria Canal was a canal in the United States that connected the city of Alexandria to Georgetown in the District of Columbia. ... Location in Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Founded 1718 Government  - Mayor William D. Euille Area  - City  15. ...

In the 1870s, a canal inclined plane was built two miles upriver from Georgetown, so that boats whose destination was downriver from Washington could bypass the congestion in Georgetown. The inclined plane was dismantled after a major flood in 1889 when ownership of the Canal transferred to the B&O Railroad, which operated the canal to prevent its right of way (particularly at Point of Rocks) from falling into another railroad's hands. Operations ceased in 1924 after another flood. Inclined plane on Marne-Rhine Canal An inclined plane is a system used on some canals for raising boats between different water levels. ... Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) was one of the oldest railroads in the United States, with an original line from the port of Baltimore, Maryland, west to the Ohio River at Wheeling and Parkersburg, West Virginia. ... 08:22, 16 April 2007 (UTC)68. ... For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ...

Canal boat on the C&O Canal, near Great Falls.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 436 KB) Canal boat on the C&O Canal, near Great Falls. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1600x1200, 436 KB) Canal boat on the C&O Canal, near Great Falls. ... Great Falls is a census-designated place (CDP) located in Fairfax County, Virginia. ...

Creation of national park

The abandoned canal was purchased in 1938 by the United States Government, which planned to restore it as a recreation area. Although the bottom 22 miles (35 km) of the canal were repaired and rewatered, the project was halted when the United States entered World War II and resources were needed elsewhere. After the war, Congress expressed interest in developing the canal and towpath as a parkway. However, the idea of turning the canal over to automobiles was opposed by some, including United States Supreme Court Associate Justice William O. Douglas. In March 1954, Douglas led an eight-day hike of the towpath from Cumberland to D.C. Although 58 people participated in one part of the hike or another, only nine men, including Douglas, hiked the full 182 miles (293 km). Popular response to and press coverage of the hike turned the tide against the parkway idea and, on January 8, 1971, the canal was designated a National Historical Park. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Harden Parkway in Salinas, CA. For other uses, see Parkway (disambiguation). ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... Associate Justice or Puisne (pronounced puny) Justice is the title for a member of a judicial panel who is not the Chief Justice. ... William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was a United States Supreme Court Associate Justice. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...

A view of the C&O canal from behind the Georgetown shops in Washington DC.

A recreational biker on the C&O canal towpath.

Presently the park includes nearly 20,000 acres (80 km²) and receives over 3 million recorded visits each year. Flooding continues to threaten historical structures on the canal and attempts at restoration. The Park Service has rewatered portions of the canal, but the majority of the canal does not have water in it. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 549 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,566 × 1,710 pixels, file size: 587 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) better version of previously uploaded image File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 549 × 599 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,566 × 1,710 pixels, file size: 587 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) better version of previously uploaded image File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... The familiar golden dome of Washingtons once venerable Riggs Bank, now amalgamated into PNC Bank, at the northeast corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street NW. Georgetown in red Georgetown is a neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River waterfront. ... Flag Seal Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location Location of Washington, D.C., with regard to the surrounding states of Maryland and Virginia. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,600 × 1,200 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution‎ (1,600 × 1,200 pixels, file size: 1. ...

Today the park is a popular getaway for Washington residents. The towpath is popular with bikers and joggers. Fishing and boating are popular in the rewatered portions, and whitewater kayakers tackling the world class rapids of the Potomac sometimes use the canal to shuttle upstream. The park offers rides on two reproduction canal boats, The Georgetown and The Charles F. Mercer, during the Spring, Summer and Autumn. The boats are pulled by mules and Park Rangers in historical dress work the locks and boat while giving a historical program. Potomac may refer to: Potomac River, which flows through Washington DC and Alexandria VA, USA Potomac, an unincorporated area in Montgomery County, Maryland, USA Potomac, a village in Vermilion County, Illinois, USA Potomac, a Native American tribe A general term given to the Washington, D.C./Maryland metropolitan area One... The familiar golden dome of Washingtons once venerable Riggs Bank, now amalgamated into PNC Bank, at the northeast corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street NW. Georgetown in red Georgetown is a neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River waterfront. ... Charles Fenton Mercer (June 16, 1778 – May 4, 1858) was a nineteenth century politician, U.S. Congressman, and lawyer from Loudoun County, Virginia. ... In its common modern meaning, a mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. ...

Locks on the canal

Main article: Locks on the C&O Canal

The Locks on the C&O Canal in the USA were numbered from 1 to 75 with two locks, 63â…“ and 64â…”, having fractional numbers and no lock 65. ...

C&O Points of Interest by Canal Mile Marker

• Mile 000: Rock Creek Park
• Mile 000: Potomac Heritage Trail - on Virginia side of river. (Bikes can use it below Key Bridge.)
• Mile 000: C&O Canal Monument
• Mile 000: Capital Crescent Trail
• Mile 000: Georgetown, Washington, D.C. and Georgetown Visitor Center
• Mile 003: Fletcher's Boat House
• Mile 004: Pimmit Run Trail
• Mile 006: Sycamore Island
• Mile 007: Glen Echo Park (Maryland)
• Mile 012: Old Angler's Inn
• Mile 012: Rockwood Manor Park
• Mile 014: Billy Goat Trail at Great Falls
• Mile 014: Widewater
• Mile 014: Great Falls Tavern Visitor Center
• Mile 020: Pennyfield Lock
• Mile 022: Violette’s Lock (Lock 23) The canal has water in it from here south.
• Mile 022: Riley's Lock/Seneca Creek Aqueduct
• Mile 026: Dierssen Wildlife Management Area & McKee-Beshers Wildlife Management Area
• Mile 035: Poolesville, Maryland
• Mile 035: Norris House Bed and Breakfast
• Mile 035: White's Ferry
• Mile 042: Monocacy Aqueduct
• Mile 048: Point of Rocks, Maryland
• Mile 055: Brunswick, Maryland and Brunswick Visitor Center
• Mile 055: Beans in the Belfry
• Mile 058: Appalachian Trail
• Mile 059: Harpers Ferry Hostel
• Mile 059: River and Trail Outfitters
• Mile 060: Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
• Mile 073: Ferry Hill, West Virginia
• Mile 073: Shepherdstown, West Virginia
• Mile 073: Shepherdstown, West Virginia - Thomas Shepherd Inn B&B
• Mile 073: Sharpsburg, Maryland - Jacob Rohrbach Inn
• Mile 073: Sharpsburg, Maryland - Antietam National Battlefield
• Mile 080: Shepherd's Spring Outdoor Ministries Center
• Mile 100: Williamsport Visitor Center
• Mile 110: McCoy's Ferry - Campground and historic American Civil War crossing
• Mile 112: Fort Frederick State Park; Western Maryland Rail Trail begins
• Mile 124: Hancock, Maryland and Hancock Visitor Center
• Mile 124: Cohill Manor Bed and Breakfast
• Mile 124; Tonoloway Lodge
• Mile 124: Buck Valley Ranch
• Mile 124: Rt. 522 Bridge to Berkeley Springs, West Virginia; Western Maryland Rail Trail diverges
• Mile 140: Town Hill Hotel B&B
• Mile 140: Little Orleans, Maryland
• Mile 141: Little Orleans Lodge
• Mile 143: Green Ridge Hiking Trails
• Mile 151: Paw Paw Tunnel
• Mile 151: the Heritage Trail Bed & Breakfast
• Mile 151: Paw Paw, West Virginia
• Mile 161: Oldtown, Maryland
• Mile 184: Cumberland, Maryland
• Mile 184: The Inn at Walnut Bottom
• Mile 184: Canal Place (Cumberland Visitor Center)
• Mile 184: Hites Bike Shop
• Mile 184: Western Maryland Scenic Railroad
• Mile 184: Alleghany Trail Alliance

Rock Creek Park is an urban natural area with public park facilities which bisects Washington, D.C. East of the park, except for a few enclaves, the city has a decidedly urban character. ... The Potomac Heritage Trail is a designated National Scenic Trail corridor in the United States that will connect various trails and historic sites through the states of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia. ... The Capital Crescent Trail (CCT) is an 11 mile long shared-use trail from Georgetown, Washington, DC to Silver Spring, Maryland suitable for walkers, joggers, bikers, and rollerbladers. ... The familiar golden dome of Washingtons once venerable Riggs Bank, now amalgamated into PNC Bank, at the northeast corner of Wisconsin Avenue and M Street NW. Georgetown in red Georgetown is a neighborhood located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C., along the Potomac River waterfront. ... Glen Echo Park is a park owned by the U.S. National Park Service in Glen Echo, Maryland. ... Students scaling a steep cliff face on Section A of the trail. ... A picture of the Great Falls in autumn. ... Seneca Creek, looking upstream from Berryville Road The Aqueduct at Rileys Lock Seneca Creek is located in Montgomery County, Maryland roughly sixteen miles to the northwest of Washington, D.C. The creek begins in multiple areas of Gaithersburg, Germantown, and Boyds, the two main tributaries converging roughly at Darnestown. ... Poolesville is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States with a population of approximately 5000 people. ... A car ferry that crosses the Potomac north of Leesburg, Loudoun County, VA ... Monocacy Aqueduct The Monocacy Aqueduct is the largest aqueduct on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, crossing the Monocacy River just before it empties into the Potomac River in Frederick County, Maryland, United States. ... 08:22, 16 April 2007 (UTC)68. ... MARC commuter train conductors catching up with local news on a foggy morning at Brunswick. ... The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the eastern United States, extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine. ... Harpers Ferry, West Virginia 1865. ... Shepherdstown is a town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA. The population was 803 at the 2000 census. ... Shepherdstown is a town in Jefferson County, West Virginia, USA. The population was 803 at the 2000 census. ... Sharpsburg is a town located in Washington County, Maryland. ... Sharpsburg is a town located in Washington County, Maryland. ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Fort Frederick State Park is a Maryland state park surrounding the restored Fort Frederick, a fort from the French and Indian War. ... The Western Maryland Rail Trail in Hancock, MD The Western Maryland Rail Trail (WMRT) is a 23 mile long shared-use asphalt-paved rail trail from Fort Frederick to Little Orleans, Maryland suitable for walkers, joggers, bikers, rollerbladers and, weather permitting, cross country skiing. ... Hancock is a town located in Washington County, Maryland. ... Bath (Berkeley Springs) is a town in Morgan County, West Virginia. ... The Western Maryland Rail Trail in Hancock, MD The Western Maryland Rail Trail (WMRT) is a 23 mile long shared-use asphalt-paved rail trail from Fort Frederick to Little Orleans, Maryland suitable for walkers, joggers, bikers, rollerbladers and, weather permitting, cross country skiing. ... Little Orleans is an unincorporated community in Allegany County, Maryland. ... Paw Paw Tunnel The Paw Paw Tunnel is a 3,118 ft. ... Paw Paw is a town located in Morgan County, West Virginia. ... Oldtown is a small city in Allegany County, Maryland along the North Branch Potomac River. ... Portal:Cumberland, Maryland Top * Places * Culture * Media * Companies * Education * History * People * Religion * Sports * Trans* Tourism For other places with the same name, see Cumberland (disambiguation). ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Western Maryland Scenic Railroad is a tourist railroad based in Cumberland, Maryland. ...

External links

• Official National Park Service Site
• Jack Rottier photographs and papers of the C and O Canal - online images from George Washington University Library.
• The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
• GPS Landmark Coordinates along the C&O Canal
• C&O Canal Bicycling Guide
• A Virtual Tour of the C&O Canal
• Another Virtual Tour of the C&O Canal
• C&O Canal Association

References

• Life on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, 1859 [York, Pa. : American Canal and Transportation Center, 1975]

• Achenbach, Joel. The Grand Idea: George Washington's Potomac and the Race to the West, Simon and Schuster, 2004.

• Blackford, John, 1771-1839. Ferry Hill Plantation journal: life on the Potomac River and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 4 January 1838-15 January 1839 2d ed. Shepherdstown, W. Va. : [American Canal and Transportation Center], 1975.

• Camagna, Dorothy. The C&O Canal: From Great National Project to National Historical Park, Belshore Publications, 2005.

• C and O Canal Association. Food and Lodging along the Towpath.

• Cotton, Robert. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Through the Lens of Sir Robert Cotton

• Fradin, Morris. Hey-ey-ey, lock! Cabin John, Md., See-and-Know Press, 1974

• Furtney, Charles Tyrconnel: An Antebellum Adventure Along the C&O Canal

Website for book

• Gutheim, Frederick. The Potomac. New York: Rinehart and Co., 1949.

• Hahn, Thomas F. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Lock-Houses and Lock-Keepers (ISBN 1-885907-03-6). Lots of illustrations 105 pp. $15.00 postpaid for $15.00 to ACTC PO Box 310 Shepherdstown WV 25443-0310.

• Hahn, Thomas F. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal: Pathway to the Nation's Capital. Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1984.

• Hahn, Thomas F. Towpath Guide to the C&O Canal: Georgetown Tidelock to Cumberland. Shepherdstown, WV: American Canal and Transportation Center, 1985.

• High, Mike. The C&O Canal Companion, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

• Kapsch, Robert and Kapsch, Elizabeth Perry. Monocacy Aqueduct on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. Medley Press, 2005.

• Kytle, Elizabeth. Home on the Canal, Cabin John, Md.: Seven Locks Press, c. 1983.

• Mackintosh, Barry. C & O Canal: the making of a park Washington, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, History Division, 1991.

• Martin, Edwin. A Beginner's Guide to Wildflowers of the C and O Towpath, 1984.

• Mason-Dixon Council, Boy Scouts of America, 184 Miles of Adventure: Hiker's Guide to the C&O Canal. P.O. Box 2133, Hagerstown, MD 21742, 1983.

• Mulligan, Kate. Canal Parks, Museums and Characters of the Mid-Atlantic, Wakefield Press, Washington, DC, 1999.

• Mulligan, Kate. Towns along the Towpath, 1997. (Available from C &O Association) Here is Chapter 3 about Seneca.

• National Park Service, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park Washington, DC: NPS Division of Publications, 1991.

• Rada, James Jr. Canawlers, Legacy Press, 2001.

Historical Fiction.

• Reeder, Carolyn. Captain Kate. Avon Books, 1999

• Sabatke, Mark. Discovering the C&O Canal, Rockville, Schreiber Publishing, March 2003.

• Sanderlin, Walter S. The Great National Project: A History of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1946.

• Stanton, Richard. Potomac Journey, Fairfax Stone to Tidewater, Smithsonian Press, 1993.

• Ward, George W. The Early Development of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Project

• Winslow, Barbara. Samantha goes to Georgetown on the C & O Canal

• Wolfe, George "Hooper." I Drove Mules on the C and O Canal, 1969.