This article is about the Western board game. For other chess games or other uses, see Chess (disambiguation). | Chess |
From left, a white king, black rook and queen, white pawn, black knight, and white bishop | | Players | 2 | | Setup time | under one minute | | Playing time | casual games without time control last usually 10–60 minutes | | Random chance | None | | Skills required | Tactics, Strategy | | Chess is a recreational and competitive game for two players. Sometimes called Western Chess or International Chess to distinguish it from its predecessors and other chess variants, the current form of the game emerged in Southern Europe during the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older games of Indian origin. Chess or CHESS may also mean one of the following: // Chess, a board game chess variants including: Xiangqi, or Chinese chess Shogi, sometimes called Japanese chess Makruk, or Thai chess Chaturanga, or Indian chess Janggi, or Korean chess Sittuyin, or Burmese chess 3D Chess Chess (application), a chess computer game...
Download high resolution version (846x772, 42 KB)This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
A rook (♖ ♜,borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit roth, chariot) is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. ...
Queen. ...
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...
The knight moves in an L shape. ...
A bishop (â™—â™) is a piece in the board game of chess. ...
In chess, a tactic refers to a short sequence of moves which limits the opponents options and which results in tangible gain. ...
This article seems not to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia entry. ...
Image File history File links Portal. ...
For other uses, see Game (disambiguation). ...
A chess variant is a game derived from, related to or similar to chess in at least one respect. ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
(14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...
Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide in clubs, online, by correspondence, in tournaments and informally. Aspects of art and science are found in chess composition and theory. Chess is also advocated as a way of enhancing mental prowess. Chess clubs are clubs with the intent of getting together and playing chess with others. ...
Correspondence chess is chess played by various forms of long-distance correspondence, usually through a correspondence chess server, through email or by the postal system; less common methods which have been employed include fax and homing pigeon. ...
A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a single sport or game. ...
This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ...
A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ...
Excelsior by Sam Loyd. ...
Teaching and playing the game of chess has often been advocated as a form of mental training. ...
The game is played on a square chequered chessboard with 64 squares. At the start, each player ("white" and "black") controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in "check") and there is no way to remove it from attack on the next move. Theoreticians have developed extensive chess strategies and tactics since the game's inception. Chessboard Chessboard with Staunton chess pieces A chessboard is often painted or engraved on a chess table. ...
Original Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
Queen. ...
A rook (♖ ♜,borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit roth, chariot) is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. ...
The knight moves in an L shape. ...
A bishop (â™—â™) is a piece in the board game of chess. ...
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...
For other uses, see Checkmate (disambiguation). ...
In games such as chess, shogi, and xiangqi, a check is an immediate threat to capture the king (or general in xiangqi). ...
This article seems not to be written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia entry. ...
In chess, a tactic refers to a short sequence of moves which limits the opponents options and which results in tangible gain. ...
The tradition of organized competitive chess started in the 16th century. The first official World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Viswanathan Anand is the current World Champion. There are also biennial world team events called Chess Olympiads. Since the 20th century, two international organizations, the World Chess Federation and the International Correspondence Chess Federation have organized and overseen the top chess competitions and international titles. The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ...
Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836, Prague–August 12, 1900, New York) was a Jewish-Austrian-American chess player and the first official world chess champion. ...
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...
The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place in even years. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
International Correspondence Chess Federation ICCF is the International Correspondence Chess Federation. ...
One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine, and today's chess is deeply influenced by the abilities of current chess programs. In 1997, a match between Garry Kasparov, then World Champion, and IBM's Deep Blue chess program proved for the first time that computers are able to beat even the strongest human players. The popularity of online chess coincided with the growth of the Internet. 1990s Pressure-sensory Chess Computer with LCD screen The idea of creating a chess-playing machine dates back to the eighteenth century. ...
Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov is a pair of famous six-game chess matches played between the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue and the Grandmaster Garry Kasparov. ...
Garry Kimovich Kasparov (IPA: ; Russian: ) (born April 13, 1963, in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR; now Azerbaijan) is a Russian chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion, writer and political activist. ...
For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ...
Kasparov vs. ...
| | | The position of the pieces at the start of a game of chess. | Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template. ...
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ...
A typical chess clock. ...
- For a simple demonstration of the gameplay, see sample chess game.
Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks and numbered from 1 to 8) and eight columns (called files and labeled from a to h) of squares. The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate and are referred to as light squares and dark squares. The pieces are divided into two matching sets, by convention called White and Black. Each player, referred to by the color of his pieces, begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights and eight pawns. The chessboard is placed with a light square at each player's right on the nearest rank, and the pieces are set out on the two ranks closest to each player, as shown in the diagram. Each queen stands on a square of its own color. Original Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
Image File history File links Chess_kdt45. ...
Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
Image File history File links Chess_klt45. ...
Image File history File links Chess_qdt45. ...
Queen. ...
Image File history File links Chess_qlt45. ...
Image File history File links Chess_rdt45. ...
A rook (♖ ♜,borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit roth, chariot) is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. ...
Image File history File links Chess_rlt45. ...
Image File history File links Chess_bdt45. ...
A bishop (â™—â™) is a piece in the board game of chess. ...
Image File history File links Chess_blt45. ...
Image File history File links Chess_ndt45. ...
The knight moves in an L shape. ...
Image File history File links Chess_nlt45. ...
Image File history File links Chess_pdt45. ...
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...
Image File history File links Chess_plt45. ...
Typical chess set and clock While the exact origins of chess are unclear, the modern rules of chess first took form in Italy during the 16th century. ...
Chessboard Chessboard with Staunton chess pieces A chessboard is often painted or engraved on a chess table. ...
This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ...
This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ...
Original Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. ...
Queen. ...
A rook (♖ ♜,borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit roth, chariot) is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. ...
A bishop (â™—â™) is a piece in the board game of chess. ...
The knight moves in an L shape. ...
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. ...
Queen. ...
The player who is chosen to be White makes the first move. The players then alternate moving one of their own pieces (with the exception of castling, when a rook and the king are moved simultaneously). Each type of piece has its own unique method of movement. Pieces are moved to either an unoccupied square, or one occupied by an opponent's piece. Except for captures en passant, an opponent's piece is captured and removed from play by moving a piece to the square that the enemy piece occupies. When a piece can be captured on the next move, it is said to be "threatened" or "under attack". Initial position of kings and rooks Black has castled kingside (O-O), and White has castled queenside (O-O-O) Castling is a special move in the game of chess involving the king and either of the original rooks of the same color. ...
Ä¡Ä Ä¡ Εý Śà ¼Ћ This article is about the chess move en passant. For other uses, see En passant (disambiguation). ...
When a player's king is under immediate threat of capture, it is said to be in check. A player is not permitted to make any move that would place the player's own king in check. If a player's king is in check, the player's next move must take it out of check. If this is impossible, the player has been checkmated and loses the game. In games such as chess, shogi, and xiangqi, a check is an immediate threat to capture the king (or general in xiangqi). ...
For other uses, see Checkmate (disambiguation). ...
Chess games do not have to end in checkmate – either player may resign if the situation looks hopeless. Games also may end in a draw (tie). A draw can occur in several situations, including draw by agreement, stalemate, threefold repetition of a position, the fifty move rule, or a draw by impossibility of checkmate (usually because of insufficient material to checkmate). A resignation is the formal act of giving up ones office or position. ...
In chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game, the others being a win for white and a win for black. ...
A chess game can be drawn by both players agreeing to it, called a draw by (mutual) agreement. ...
Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move has no legal moves but is not in check. ...
In chess, the threefold repetition rule states that a player can claim a draw if the same position occurs three times, or will occur after their next move, with the same player to move, and with each player having the same set of legal moves each time, including the right...
The fifty move rule in chess states that a player can claim a draw if no capture has been made and no pawn has been moved in the last fifty consecutive moves. ...
Chess can be played with a time control. This involves assigning each player a set amount of time to make moves. If a player's time runs out before the game is completed, he loses on time. The timing ranges from up to seven hours for long games to shorter rapid chess games usually lasting 30 minutes or one hour. Even shorter is blitz chess, with a time control of three to fifteen minutes per player and bullet chess, in which the allotment is under three minutes. A time control is imposed on the tournament play of almost all two-player board games to ensure that neither player delays the game or gains an unfair advantage by thinking for an unduly long time. ...
Blitz chess (also known as speed chess or blitzkrieg chess) is a game of chess where each side is given very little time to make all of their moves. ...
Blitz chess (also known as speed chess or blitzkrieg chess) is a game of chess where each side is given very little time to make all of their moves. ...
Bullet chess, or alternately lightning chess, is a game of chess where each side has less than 3 minutes to complete all of their moves. ...
The international rules of chess are described in more detail in the FIDE Handbook, section Laws of Chess.[1] The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ...
[edit] History
[edit] Predecessors -
The invention of Chess has been attributed to the Indians both by the Persian people and by the Arabs who later conquered Persia.[2] Abu al-Hasan 'Alī al-Mas'ūdī, an Arab historian, provided scholarly details of the game as it was played in India and elsewhere.[2] He details the use of chess as a tool for warfare strategy, mathematical calculations, gambling and even its vague association with astronomy.[2] Mas'ūdī notes that Ivory in India was chiefly used for the production of chess and backgammon pieces used by the Indians, and asserts that the game was introduced from India along with the book Kelileh va Demneh during the reign of emperor Nushirwan.[2] Krishna and Radha are shown playing chaturanga on an 8x8 AshtÄpada. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Shatranj. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Shatranj. ...
Ä°znik pottery, an example of fritware Fritware is a type of pottery where frit is added to clay in order to reduce its fusion temperature. ...
There is also the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), located in Manhattan. ...
This article is about the Persian people, an ethnic group found mainly in Iran. ...
For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ...
For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ...
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn Ãbn Ali al-Masudi (transl: ) (born c. ...
The historiography of early Islam is the study of how various historians have treated the events of the first two centuries of Islamic history. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Backgammon is a board game for two players in which pieces are moved according to the roll of dice. ...
The Persian poet Firdausi also points to India regarding the invention of Chess, which he credits to King Gav, an Indian king, who re-enacts the past battles on the chessboard.[2] فردوسی Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ...
It is also thought that the game originated in India because the Persian word for chess, shatranj, is derived from the Sanskrit chaturanga, which translates as "four divisions of the military", infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots, represented respectively by pawn, knight, bishop and rook. Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ...
Chaturanga. ...
As a strategy board game played in China, chess is believed to have been derived from the Indian Chaturanga.[3] The object of the Chinese variation is similar to Chaturanga, i.e. to capture the opponent's king, sometimes known as general.[3]
The first reference to chess in literature appears in Persia and dates around the 5th century AD[4] Karnamag-i Artaxshir-i Papakan. The earliest unambiguous reference in India appears to date from about 625 AD. The earliest documented chess pieces also date to the 7th century. By about 800 the game reached China and was known, with modifications, as Xiangqi. Shatranj was taken up by the Muslim world after the Islamic conquest of Persia, with the pieces largely retaining their Persian names. In Spanish "shatranj" was rendered as ajedrez, in Portuguese as xadrez, in Turkish as satranc and in Greek as zatrikion, but in the rest of Europe it was replaced by versions of the Persian shāh ("king"). Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 473 pixelsFull resolution (1576 × 932 pixel, file size: 569 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ...
Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 473 pixelsFull resolution (1576 × 932 pixel, file size: 569 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Faithful reproductions of two-dimensional original works cannot attract copyright in the U.S. according to the rule in Bridgeman Art Library v. ...
For other uses, see Knights Templar (disambiguation). ...
The Libro de los Juegos, (Book of games), or Libro de ajedrez, dados y tablas, (Book of chess, dice and tables) was commissioned by Alfonso X, king of León and Castile, during the 13th century between 1251 and 1283 AD. It consists of 98 pages, with 150 color illustrations. ...
One of the most common ways for chess historians to trace when the board game chess entered a country is to look at the literature of that country. ...
For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ...
The KÄrnÄmag-Ä« ArdaxÅ¡Ä«r-Ä« PÄbagÄn or Book of the Deeds of Ardashir, Son of Babag, is a mythological Middle Persian tale written sometime during the Sassanid period (226-651). ...
Chinese chess redirects here. ...
Nations with a Muslim majority appear in green, while nations that are approximately 50% Muslim appear yellow. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Islamic conquest of Afghanistan. ...
The game reached Western Europe and Russia by at least three routes, the earliest being in the 9th century. By the year 1000 it had spread throughout Europe.[5] Introduced into the Iberian Peninsula by the Moors in the 10th century, it was described in a famous 13th century manuscript covering shatranj, backgammon, and dice named the Libro de los juegos.[6] The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ...
For other uses, see moor. ...
Two standard six-sided pipped dice with rounded corners. ...
The Libro de los Juegos, (Book of games), or Libro de ajedrez, dados y tablas, (Book of chess, dice and tables) was commissioned by Alfonso X, king of León and Castile, during the 13th century between 1251 and 1283 AD. It consists of 98 pages, with 150 color illustrations. ...
[edit] Origins of the modern game (1450–1850) The pieces in shatranj had limited movement; the elephant or aufin (the predecessor of the modern bishop) could only move by jumping two spaces diagonally, the counselor or fers (the predecessor of the modern queen) could move only one space diagonally, pawns could not advance two spaces on their first move, and there was no castling. Also, pawns could only promote to counselor, which was the weakest piece (after the pawn), due to its limited range.[7] Shatranj is an old form of chess, which has been popular in Persia and the Middle East for almost 1000 years[1]. The modern chess has gradually developed from this game. ...
 Original Staunton chess pieces by Nathaniel Cook from 1849, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. Around 1200, rules started to be modified in southern Europe, and around 1475, several major changes rendered the game essentially as it is known today.[8] These modern rules for the basic moves had been adopted in Italy[9] (or in Spain according to other sources[10]): pawns gained the option of advancing two squares on their first move and the en passant capture therewith, while bishops and queens acquired their modern abilities. This made the queen the most powerful piece; consequently modern chess was referred to as "Queen's Chess" or "Mad Queen Chess".[11] These new rules quickly spread throughout western Europe, with the exception of the rules about stalemate, which varied from place to place and were finalized in the early 19th century.[12] Image File history File links JaquesCookStaunton. ...
Image File history File links JaquesCookStaunton. ...
Howard Staunton Howard Staunton (April 1810–June 22, 1874) was an English chess master and unofficial World Chess Champion. ...
Nathaniel Cook was the designer of a set of chess figures, which is now the standard set. ...
Ä¡Ä Ä¡ Εý Śà ¼Ћ This article is about the chess move en passant. For other uses, see En passant (disambiguation). ...
This was also the time when chess started to develop a corpus of theory. The oldest preserved printed chess book, Repetición de Amores y Arte de Ajedrez (Repetition of Love and the Art of Playing Chess) by Spanish churchman Luis Ramirez de Lucena was published in Salamanca in 1497.[13] Lucena and later masters of the 16th and 17th century like Portuguese Pedro Damiano, Italians Giovanni Leonardo Di Bona, Giulio Cesare Polerio and Gioachino Greco or Spanish bishop Ruy López de Segura developed elements of openings, such as the Italian Game, King's Gambit and Ruy Lopez, and started to analyze simple endgames. One of the chess problems from his book Luis Ramirez de Lucena (c. ...
Salamanca (population 160,000) is a city in western Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community (region) of Castile-Leon (Castilla y León). ...
Pedro Damiano was a Portuguese chess player who lived from 1480-1544. ...
Giovanni Leonardo di Bona or Giovanni Leonardo da Cutri (both given names can be seen also in the reversed order Leonardo Giovanni), known as Il Puttino ( ) (1542 - 1587) was an early Italian chess master. ...
Giulio Cesare Polerio (born 1548, Lanciano - died 1612, Rome) an Italian chess player. ...
Gioacchino Greco (1600–c. ...
Ruy López de Segura (born 1530 in Zafra near Badajoz, died 1580) was a Spanish priest and later bishop in Segura whose book Libro de la invención liberal y arte del juego del Axedrez was one of the first fundamental chess books in Europe, only after Pedro Damiano...
You may be looking for: Chess opening Al-Fatiha, The Opening, first chapter of the Quran This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The Italian Game is a chess opening, or more accurately a family of chess openings, characterized by the moves 1. ...
Moves 1. ...
Moves 1. ...
EndGame is the name of a 1997 story arc of the Sonic the Hedgehog comic book published by published by Archie Comics. ...
In the 18th century the center of European chess life moved from the Southern European countries to France. The two most important French masters were François-André Danican Philidor, a musician by profession, who discovered the importance of pawns for chess strategy, and later Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais who won a famous series of matches with the strongest British master of the time, Alexander McDonnell from Ireland, in 1834.[14] Centers of chess life in this period were coffee houses in big European cities like Café de la Régence in Paris[15] and Simpson's Divan in London.[16] Image File history File links André_Philidor. ...
Image File history File links André_Philidor. ...
portrait from L’analyze des échecs. ...
portrait from L’analyze des échecs. ...
Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais (1795 - 1840) was a French chess master, the strongest player in the early 19th century. ...
Alexander McDonnell (1798-1835) was an Irish chess master, who contested a series of six matches with the world’s leading player in the summer of 1834. ...
A Street Cafe, Jerusalem, Henry Fenn (1838- ): steel engraving in Picturesque Palestine, ca 1875 A coffeehouse, coffee shop, or caf shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant. ...
Café de la Régence in 19th century Café de la Régence in Paris was an important European centre of chess in 18th and 19th centuries. ...
This article is about the capital of France. ...
Simpsons-in-the-Strand (full title Simpsons-in-the-Strand, Grand Divan Tavern) is a restaurant situated on The Strand in London that played an important role in the development of chess in the 19th century. ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
As the 19th century progressed, chess organization developed quickly. Many chess clubs, chess books and chess journals appeared. There were correspondence matches between cities; for example the London Chess Club played against the Edinburgh Chess Club in 1824.[17] Chess problems became a regular part of 19th century newspapers; Bernhard Horwitz, Josef Kling and Samuel Loyd composed some of the most influential problems. In 1843, the first edition of Handbuch des Schachspiels (Handbook of Chess) was published; written by German chess masters Paul Rudolf von Bilguer and Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa, it was the first comprehensive manual of chess theory. Chess clubs are clubs with the intent of getting together and playing chess with others. ...
For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ...
Excelsior by Sam Loyd. ...
Bernhard Horwitz (1808-1885) was a German English chess master. ...
Josef Kling (March 19, 1811 – December 1, 1876) was a German chess master and chess composer. ...
Samuel Loyd (January 31, 1841 - April 10, 1911) was an American puzzle author and recreational mathematician. ...
Handbuch des Schachspiels (Handbook of Chess, often simply called the Handbuch) is a chess book, first published in 1843 by Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa. ...
Paul Rudolf von Bilguer (the middle name is sometimes spelled also Rudolph, September 21, 1815–September 16, 1840) was a German chess master and chess theoretician of the nineteenth century. ...
Tassilo, Baron von Heydebrand und der Lasa (known in English as Baron von der Lasa) was an important German chessmaster and theoretician of the nineteenth century, a member of the Berlin Chess Club and a founder of the Berlin Chess School. ...
[edit] Birth of a game (1850–1945) The first modern chess tournament was held in London in 1851 and was won, surprisingly, by German Adolf Anderssen, relatively unknown at the time. Anderssen was hailed as the leading chess master and his brilliant, energetic—but from today's viewpoint strategically shallow—attacking style became typical for the time.[18] Sparkling games like Anderssen's Immortal game or Morphy's Opera game—both short casual games with many sacrifices—were regarded as the highest possible summit of the chess art.[19] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
For other uses, see Immortal game (disambiguation). ...
This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...
Adolf Anderssen Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen (July 6, 1818 - March 13, 1879) was a famous German chess master, one of the most renowned of the classic masters of 19th century chess. ...
For other uses, see Immortal game (disambiguation). ...
Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837 - July 10, 1884), The Pride and Sorrow of Chess, was an American chess player. ...
The Opera Game was a famous chess game played in 1858 between the American chess master Paul Morphy and two strong amateurs, the German noble Karl, Duke of Brunswick and the French aristocrat Count Isouard, who consulted, playing together as partners against Morphy. ...
Deeper insight into the nature of chess battle came with two younger players. American Paul Morphy, an extraordinary chess prodigy, won against all important competitors, including Anderssen, during his short chess career between 1857 and 1863. Morphy's success stemmed from a combination of brilliant attacks and sound strategy; he intuitively knew how to prepare attacks.[20] This scheme was later reinvented and described by another strong master and theoretician, Prague-born Wilhelm Steinitz.[21] Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837 - July 10, 1884), The Pride and Sorrow of Chess, was an American chess player. ...
Chess prodigies are children who play chess so well that they are able to beat Masters and even Grandmasters, often at a very young age. ...
For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
Wilhelm (later William) Steinitz (May 17, 1836, Prague–August 12, 1900, New York) was a Jewish-Austrian-American chess player and the first official world chess champion. ...
Besides his theoretical successes, Steinitz founded another important tradition: his triumph over the leading German master |
