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Clarissa Harlowe Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was a pioneer American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian. She has been described as having a "strong and independent spirit" and is best remembered for organizing the American Red Cross. ImageMetadata File history File links WcbbustCBarton2. ...
is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Oxford is a town located in Worcester County, Massachusetts. ...
is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Glen Echo is a town located in Montgomery County, Maryland. ...
For university teachers, see professor. ...
This article is about the occupation. ...
Humanitarianism is the view that all people should be treated with the respect and dignity they deserve as human beings, and that advancing the well-being of humanity is a noble goal. ...
is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
For university teachers, see professor. ...
This article is about the occupation. ...
Humanitarianism is the view that all people should be treated with the respect and dignity they deserve as human beings, and that advancing the well-being of humanity is a noble goal. ...
A WWII-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort. ...
Youth, education, family nursing
Clarissa Harlowe Barton was born on Christmas day, 1821, in Oxford, Massachusetts, to Stephen and Sarah Barton. She was the youngest of five children. Barton's father and mother were abolitionists. Clara's father was a farmer and horse breeder, while her mother Sarah managed the household. The two later helped found the first Universalist Church in Oxford. Oxford is a town located in Worcester County, Massachusetts. ...
This article is about the abolition of slavery. ...
The Universalist Church of America was a free association of Universalist congregations in the United States (plus four congregations in Canada) until 1961, when it merged with the American Unitarian Association to form the Unitarian Universalist Association. ...
As a child, Clara was shy. She had two brothers, Stephen and David, and two sisters, Dorothy/Dolly and Sally, who were at least ten years older than she. Young Clara was educated at home and extremely bright. It is said that her siblings were kept busy answering her many questions, and each taught her complementary skills, her older sisters being teachers. Her brothers were happy to teach her how to ride horses and do other things that, at the time, were thought appropriate only for men.
When Clara was eleven, her brother David became her first patient after he fell from a rafter in their unfinished barn. Clara stayed by his side for two years and learned to administer all his medicines, including the "great, loathsome crawling leeches". Orders Arhynchobdellida Rhynchobdellida *There is some dispute as to whether Hirudinea should be a class itself, or a subclass of the Clitellata. ...
As she continued to develop an interest in nursing, Clara may have drawn inspiration from stories of her great-aunt, Martha Ballard, who served the town of Hallowell (later Augusta), Maine, as a midwife for over three decades. Ballard helped deliver nearly one thousand infants between 1777 and 1812, and in many cases administered medical care in much the same way as a formally trained doctor of her era.[1] Martha Moore Ballard (1734/1735 - 1812) was an American midwife, healer and diarist. ...
Midwifery is a blanket term used to describe a number of different types of health practitioners, other than doctors, who provide prenatal care to expecting mothers, attend the birth of the infant and provide postnatal care to the mother and infant. ...
On his death bed, Clara's father gave her advice that she would later recall:
- "As a patriot, he had me serve my country with all I had, even with my life if need be; as the daughter of an accepted Mason, he had me seek and comfort the afflicted everywhere, and as a Christian he charged me to honor God and love mankind."
Freemasons redirects here. ...
For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ...
American Civil War In April 1862, after the First Battle of Bull Run, Barton established an agency to obtain and distribute supplies to wounded soldiers. She was given a pass by General William Hammond to ride in army ambulances to provide comfort to the soldiers and nurse them back to health and lobbied the U.S. Army bureaucracy, at first without success, to bring her own medical supplies to the battlefields. Finally, in July 1862, she obtained permission to travel behind the lines, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefields of the war and serving during the sieges of Petersburg, Virginia and Richmond, Virginia. In 1864 she was appointed by Union general Benjamin Butler as the "lady in charge" of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the James. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (597x673, 53 KB) Summary Cropped image, from original: Clara Barton circa 1865 by Mathew Brady, Washington, D.C. Most famous and widely circulated photograph of Clara Barton. ...
ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (597x673, 53 KB) Summary Cropped image, from original: Clara Barton circa 1865 by Mathew Brady, Washington, D.C. Most famous and widely circulated photograph of Clara Barton. ...
Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Irvin McDowell Joseph E. Johnston P.G.T. Beauregard Strength 35,000 32,500 Casualties 2,896 (460 killed, 1,124 wounded, 1,312 captured/missing)[1] 1,982 (387 killed, 1,582 wounded, 13 missing)[1] For other uses...
The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...
Nickname: Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States State Virginia County Independent city Founded December 17, 1748 Government - Mayor Annie M. Mickens Area - City 23. ...
Nickname: Motto: Sic Itur Ad Astra (Thus do we reach the stars) Location in the Commonwealth of Virginia Coordinates: , Country State Government - Mayor L. Douglas Wilder (I) Area - City 62. ...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5, 1818 – January 11, 1893) was an American lawyer and politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and later served as its governor. ...
The Army of the James was a Union Army that was composed of unites from the Department of Virginia and North Carolina and served along the James River during the last opperations of the Civil War in Virginia. ...
In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln placed Barton in charge of the search for the missing men of the Union army. While engaged in this work she traced the fate of 30,000 men. When the war ended, she was sent to Andersonville, Georgia, to set up and mark the graves of Union soldiers. Her work in Andersonville is displayed in the book, Numbering All the Bones, by Ann Rinaldi. This experience launched her on a nationwide campaign to identify all soldiers missing during the Civil War. She published lists of names in newspapers and exchanged letters with soldiers' families. Andersonville is a city in Sumter County, Georgia, United States. ...
Barton then achieved widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country about her war experiences. She met Susan B. Anthony and began a long association with the suffrage movement. She also became acquainted with Frederick Douglass and became an activist for black civil rights, or an abolitionist. For other uses, see Susan B. Anthony (disambiguation). ...
Frederick Douglass, ca. ...
Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ...
This article is about the abolition of slavery. ...
Barton sees the International Committee of the Red Cross in action The years of toil during the Civil War and her dedicated work searching for missing soldiers debilitated Barton's health. In 1869, her doctors recommended a restful trip to Europe. In 1870, while she was overseas, she became involved with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and its humanitarian work during the Franco-Prussian War. Created in 1864, the ICRC had been chartered to provide humane services to all victims of war under a flag of neutrality. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a private humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. ...
Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with South German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III François Achille Bazaine Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta Otto von Bismarck Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000 at wars beginning 1,200,000 Casualties 150,000...
1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...
Organizing the American Red Cross When Clara Barton returned to the United States, she inaugurated a movement to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government. When she began work on this project in 1873, most Americans thought the U.S. would never again face a calamity like the Civil War, but Barton finally succeeded during the administration of President James Garfield, using the argument that the new American Red Cross could respond to crises other than war. As Barton expanded the original concept of the Red Cross to include assisting in any great national disaster, this service brought the United States the "Good Samaritan of Nations" label. James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831–September 19, 1881) was a major general in the United States Army, member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and the twentieth President of the United States. ...
A WWII-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort. ...
Barton naturally became President of the American branch of the society, which was founded on May 21, 1881. John D. Rockefeller donated funds to create a national headquarters in Washington, DC, located one block from the White House. is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ...
Barton at first dedicated the American Red Cross to performing disaster relief, such as after the 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane. This changed with the advent of the Spanish-American War during which it aided refugees and prisoners of war. Barton herself worked in hospitals in Cuba in 1898 at the age of seventy-seven.[2] As criticism arose of her management of the American Red Cross, plus her advancing age, Barton resigned as president in 1904, at the age of 83. A WWII-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort. ...
On August 27, 1893 a major hurricane which came to be known as the Sea Islands Hurricane struck the United States near Savannah, Georgia. ...
Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel MacÃas y Casado Ramón Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000...
Religious beliefs Various authorities have called Barton a “Deist-Unitarian.” However, her actual beliefs varied throughout her life along a spectrum between freethought and deism. In a 1905 letter to her friend, Norman Thrasher, she called herself a “Universalist.” Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds that beliefs should be formed on the basis of science and logical principles and not be compromised by authority, tradition, or any other dogma. ...
For other uses, see Ceremonial Deism. ...
For other uses, see 1905 (disambiguation). ...
In comparative religion, a universalist religion is one that holds itself true for all people; it thus allows all to join, regardless of ethnicity. ...
Clara Barton Birthplace Museum Clara Barton Birthplace Museum[3] in North Oxford, Massachusetts is operated as part of the Barton Center for Diabetes Education,[4] a humanitarian project established in her honor to educate and support children with diabetes and their families. A hamlet contained in the town of Oxford, Massachusetts with the ZIP code 01545. ...
The Barton Center for Diabetes Education is an independent organization dedicated to the education of children living with diabetes and their families and caregivers through year-round programs. ...
This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ...
Clara Barton National Historic Site In 1975, Clara Barton National Historic Site was established as a unit of the National Park Service at Barton's Glen Echo, Maryland home, where she spent the last 15 years of her life. The first National Historic Site dedicated to the accomplishments of a woman, it preserves the early history of the American Red Cross, since the home also served as an early headquarters of the organization. Image File history File links CBcolorizedhouse. ...
Image File history File links CBcolorizedhouse. ...
The Clara Barton National Historic Site was established in 1975 at the former home in Glen Echo, Maryland outside Washington DC of Clara Barton (1821-1912), an American pioneer teacher, nurse, and humanitarian who was the founder of the American Red Cross. ...
The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...
Glen Echo is a town located in Montgomery County, Maryland. ...
National Historical Park or National Historic Park is a designation for a protected area in the United States that has national historic significance and consists of more than single properties or buildings. ...
The National Park Service has restored eleven rooms, including the Red Cross offices, the parlors and Barton's bedroom. Visitors to Clara Barton National Historic Site can gain a sense of how Barton lived and worked. Guides lead tourists through the three levels, emphasizing Barton's use of her unusual home. Modern visitors can come to appreciate the site in the same way visitors did in Clara Barton's lifetime.[5]
See also
 | Nursing Portal | - Places named for Clara Barton
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- Barton County, Kansas
- Clara Barton School in Bordentown, New Jersey
- Clara Barton Drive in Fairfax Station, Virginia
- Barton Hall, Iowa State University
- Clara Barton Primary school in Oxford, MA
- Clara Barton subdivision of Edison, NJ
- Clara Barton Parkway in Maryland
- Clara Barton Rest Area in New Jersey
- Clara Barton District, a regional association of Unitarian Universalist Association member congregations
- Clara Barton Elementary School in Corona, California
- Clara Barton Open School in Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Clara Barton School in Fargo, North Dakota
- Clara Barton High School in Brooklyn, New York
- Clara Barton Community Center, Cabin John, MD
- Clara Barton First Aid Squad, Edison NJ
- Barton, a crater on Venus
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Barton County (standard abbreviation: BT) is a county located in the state of Kansas. ...
See also: Bordentown Township, New Jersey The City of Bordentown highlighted in Burlington County. ...
Fairfax Station is an unincorporated community in Fairfax County, Virginia. ...
This is a list of notable buildings and landmarks at Iowa State University, as well as persons associated with such structures. ...
Map of Edison Township in Middlesex County Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex County Settled 1651 Incorporated March 17, 1870 (as Raritan Township) Government - Type Faulkner Act Mayor-Council - Mayor Jun Choi Area - Township 30. ...
Map of the George Washington Memorial Parkway Vehicles round a bend in the George Washington Parkway near Washington National Airport and Gravelly Point in Arlington, Va. ...
This article is about the modern freeway. ...
Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA), in full the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations in North America, is a liberal religious denomination formed by the merger in 1961 of the American Unitarian Association and the Universalist Church in America. ...
For other uses, see Venus (disambiguation). ...
Notes Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Published Work - Barton, Clara H. The Red Cross-In Peace and War Washington, D.C.: American Historical Press, (1898)
- Barton, Clara H. Story of the Red Cross-Glimpses of Field Work New York: D. Appleton and Company, (1904)
References and additional reading - Barton, William E. The Life of Clara Barton Founder of the American Red Cross New York: AMS Press, (1969)
- Hutchinson, John F. Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross Boulder: Westview Press, Inc., (1996)
- Joyce, James Avery. Red Cross International and the Strategy of Peace New York: Oceana Publications, Inc., (1959)
- Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. Clara Barton: Professional Angel Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, (1987)
- Ross, Ishbel. Angel of the Battlefield: The Life of Clara Barton New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, (1956)
- Deady, Kathleen,W. "Clara Barton" Mankato:Capstone Press, (2003)
Numbering All the Bonesby Ann Rinaldi features Clara Barton and Andersonville Prison, a Civil War prison with terrible conditions. The Andersonville prison, located at Camp Sumter, was the largest Confederate military prison during the American Civil War. ...
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