NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Cleveland, Ohio

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location at the head of numerous canals and railroad lines. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Cleveland's businesses have diversified into the service economy, including the financial services, insurance, and healthcare sectors. Cleveland is also noted for its association with rock music; the city is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.^[5] NASA image of Greater Cleveland and Lake Erie Greater Cleveland is a nickname for the metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland in Ohio. ... Cleveland is the name of a number of places around the world, and also some people. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1216x912, 125 KB) Summary Cleveland Skyline Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cleveland,_Ohio. ... Municipal Flag of the City of Cleveland The municipal flag of Cleveland serves as the representative banner of the city of Cleveland, Ohio. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... // A nickname is a name of an entity or thing that is not its proper name. ... The Forest City is a nickname or alternate toponym for Cleveland, Ohio. ... For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Listed are the 88 counties of the state of Ohio. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... // The word village has many meanings relating to local government in the United States. ... A mayor (from the Latin mÄior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Frank George Jackson (born October 4, 1946) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas Politics Portal Further information: Politics of the United States#Organization of American political parties The Democratic... This article is about the physical quantity. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 kmÂ² and 1000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth â€“ approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... Eastern Daylight Time or EDT is equal to: In North America, Eastern Standard Time + 1, or UTC âˆ’ 4 hours. ... âˆ’12 | âˆ’11 | âˆ’10 | âˆ’9:30 | âˆ’9 | âˆ’8 | âˆ’7 | âˆ’6 | âˆ’5 | âˆ’4 | âˆ’3:30 | âˆ’3 | âˆ’2:30 | âˆ’2 | âˆ’1 | âˆ’0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... Area code 216 is the telephone area code serving the state of Ohio. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the U.S. State. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... â€œMilesâ€ redirects here. ... â€œkmâ€ redirects here. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ... For other uses, see Canal (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning compared to light industry. ... The tertiary sector of industry (also known as the service sector or the service industry) is one of the three main industrial categories of a developed economy, the others being the secondary industry (manufacturing), and primary industry (extraction such as mining, agriculture and fishing). ... The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is one of the largest New York based life insurance companies Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. ... Health care in the United States is provided by many separate legal entities. ... This article is about the genre. ... The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at sunset. ...

As of the 2000 Census, the city proper had a total population of 478,403, and was then the 33rd largest city in the nation^[6] and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio, which spans several counties and is defined in several different ways by the Census Bureau. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area which in 2000 ranked as the 23rd largest in the United States with 2,250,871 people. Cleveland is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2000 had a population of 2,945,831, and ranked as the country's 14th largest.^[7] 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... NASA image of Greater Cleveland and Lake Erie Greater Cleveland is a nickname for the metropolitan area surrounding Cleveland in Ohio. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Old county building. ... Mentor is a city in Lake County, Ohio, United States. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... Nickname: The Rubber Capital of the World Location within the state of Ohio Country United States State Ohio County Summit Founded 1825 Incorporated 1835 (village) - 1865 (city) Government - Mayor Don Plusquellic (D) Area - City 62. ... The United States Office of Management and Budget (OMB) defines micropolitan and metropolitan statistical areas. ...

In studies conducted by The Economist in 2005, Cleveland and Pittsburgh were ranked as the most livable cities in the United States,^[8] and the city was ranked as the best city for business meetings in the continental U.S.^[9] The city faces continuing challenges, in particular from concentrated poverty in some neighborhoods and difficulties in the funding and delivery of high-quality public education.^[10] The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London. ... Pittsburgh redirects here. ... Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people. ... A boy from Jakarta, Indonesia shows his find. ... // Public spending on education in 2005 Public education is education mandated for or offered to the children of the general public by the government, whether national, regional, or local, provided by an institution of civil government, and paid for, in whole or in part, by taxes. ...

Residents of Cleveland are usually referred to as "Clevelanders". Nicknames used for the city include "The Forest City", "The Cleve," "The Land," "Metropolis of the Western Reserve",^[11] "The New American City",^[12] "America's North Coast",^[13] "Sixth City",^[14] "Rock 'n' Roll Capital of the World" (because of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame),^[15] and "C-Town".^[16] The following is a list of people from Cleveland, Ohio: Steven Adler Corey Allen Ray Anthony Albert Ayler Avant Jim Backus LeCharles Bentley Halle Berry Earl Billings David Birney Nina Blackwood Hanne Blank Earl Boykins Jim Brickman Jim Brown Charles Brush Eliza Bryant, (1827-May 13, 1907), humanitarian Ken Cameron... The Forest City is a nickname or alternate toponym for Cleveland, Ohio. ... The Connecticut Western Reserve was land claimed by Connecticut in the Northwest Territory in what is now northeastern Ohio. ...

History

Main article: History of Cleveland, Ohio

Map of Cleveland in 1904

Cleveland obtained its name on July 22, 1796 when surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company laid out Connecticut's Western Reserve into townships and a capital city they named "Cleaveland" after their leader, General Moses Cleaveland. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for the modern downtown area, centered on the Public Square, before returning home, never again to visit Ohio. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River. The Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23, 1814. The spelling of the city's name was later changed to "Cleveland" when, in 1831, an "a" was dropped so the name could fit a newspaper's masthead.^[17] A photograph of the Euclid Avenue Arcade entrance from 1928 This article chronicles the history of Cleveland, Ohio. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x1154, 843 KB) Summary 1904 map of Cleveland, Ohio source: http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1576x1154, 843 KB) Summary 1904 map of Cleveland, Ohio source: http://www. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Connecticut Land Company was formed in the late eighteenth century to survey and encourage settlement in the Connecticut Western Reserve, part of the Old Northwest Territory. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Demonym Connecticuter or Connecticutian[2] Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[4] Area Ranked 48th in the US - Total 5,543[5] sq mi (14,356 kmÂ²) - Width 70 miles (113 km) - Length 110 miles (177 km... Connecticuts land claims in the West The Connecticut Western Reserve was land claimed by Connecticut in the Northwest Territory in what is now northeastern Ohio. ... The City of Cleveland, Ohio was named after Moses Cleaveland, a surveyor of the Connecticut Land Company. ... In the United States, a town square is an area in the middle of a traditional town consisting of a park or plaza and surrounded by small shops. ... is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In spite of the nearby swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved providential. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal. This key link between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes connected the city to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Gulf of Mexico via the Mississippi River. Growth continued with added railroad links.^[18] Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836.^[17] The Ohio and Erie Canal in 1902 The Ohio and Erie Canal was constructed in the early 1800s and connected the Ohio River at Portsmouth and Lake Erie at Cleveland, Ohio. ... View of Pittsburgh, the largest metropolitan area on the Ohio River, where the Allegheny River (left) and the Monongahela River (right) join at Point State Park to form the Ohio River Cincinnati, Ohio is a well known city along the Ohio River, historically known for its riverboats. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... The Saint Lawrence Seaway in its broadest sense (see Great Lakes Waterway) is the system of canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes as far as Lake Superior. ... Gulf of Mexico in 3D perspective. ... For the river in Canada, see Mississippi River (Ontario). ...

In 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two.^[19] Ohio City remained an independent municipality until it was annexed by Cleveland in 1854.^[17] The site flourished as a halfway point for iron ore from Minnesota shipped across the Great Lakes and other raw materials (coal) carried by rail from the south. Cleveland emerged as a major American manufacturing center, home to numerous major steel producers, as well as a number of carmakers, including gasoline cars Peerless, People's,^[20] Jordan, Winton (first car driven across the U.S.),^[21] steam car builders White and Gaeth, and electric car company Baker. By 1920, Standard Oil founder John D. Rockefeller had made his fortune and Cleveland had become the fifth largest city in the country.^[17] The city was a center for the national progressive movement, headed locally by Mayor Tom L. Johnson. Many Clevelanders of this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, along with James A. Garfield, the twentieth U.S. President.^[22] Ohio City (City of Ohio) Originally part of Brooklyn Township, Ohio City, is one of Cleveland, Ohios oldest neighborhoods, Located immediately to the west of the Cuyahoga River. ... Ceremonies during the annexation of Hawaii. ... This heap of iron ore pellets will be used in steel production. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... For other uses, see Steel (disambiguation). ... Automakers are companies that produce automobiles. ... Petrol redirects here. ... Peerless Motor Company factory, circa 1910s Peerless emblem Peerless Model 56 7-Passenger Touring 1917 Frank Hersheys aluminum bodied Peerless, designed while he was employed by Murphy Body Works. ... 1908 Winton touring car The Winton Motor Carriage Company of Cleveland, Ohio was a pioneer United States automobile manufacturer. ... The 1923 Stanley Steam Car A steam car is a car (automobile) powered by a steam engine. ... White Motor Company, American automobile manufacturers In 1876, Thomas H. White incorporated his business in Cleveland, Ohio, as the White Sewing Machine Co. ... The Toyota RAV4 EV was powered by twenty-four 12 volt batteries, with an operational cost equivalent of over 165 miles per gallon at 2005 US gasoline prices. ... Baker Motor Vehicle Company was a manufacturer of Brass Era electric automobiles in Cleveland, Ohio. ... Standard Oil was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... In the United States, the Progressive Era was a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s. ... Tom Loftin Johnson (July 18, 1854â€“April 10, 1911) was an American politician of the Democratic Party from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Lakeview Cemetary, Cleveland, Ohio Founded in 1869, Lake View Cemetery sits on 285 acres (1. ... For his son, also a prominent politician, see James Rudolph Garfield. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ...

The Cuyahoga River winds through the Flats in a December 1937 aerial view of downtown Cleveland.

In commemoration of the centennial of Cleveland's incorporation as a city, the Great Lakes Exposition debuted in June 1936 along the Lake Erie shore north of downtown. Conceived as a way to energize a city hit hard by the Great Depression, it drew 4 million visitors in its first season, and 7 million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937.^[23] The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Burke Lakefront Airport, among others.^[24] Download high resolution version (1422x1080, 350 KB)Downtown Cleveland, Ohio, in winter, from the air. ... Download high resolution version (1422x1080, 350 KB)Downtown Cleveland, Ohio, in winter, from the air. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... The Flats is a mixed-use industrial, entertainment, and increasingly residential area of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. The area was given its name due to its mostly flat appearance and is defined as being the lower lying areas that line the banks of the Cuyahoga River. ... Panorama of Cleveland in 1909 Downtown Cleveland in 2006 Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio. ... A centennial is a 100-year anniversary of an event, or the celebrations pertaining thereto. ... Obverse of commemorative half dollar showing Moses Cleaveland Reverse of commemorative half dollar showing the exposition logo The Great Lakes Exposition was held in Cleveland, Ohio, in the summers of 1936 and 1937, along the Lake Erie shore north of downtown. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... The Great Lakes Science Center is a museum and educational facility in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. ... The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at sunset. ... Burke Lakefront Airport -- see Cleveland Burke Lakefront Airport. ...

Immediately after World War II, the city experienced a brief boom. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series and the Browns dominated professional football in the 1950s. Businesses proclaimed that Cleveland was the "best location in the nation".^[25] The city's population reached its peak of 914,808, and in 1949 Cleveland was named an All-America City for the first time.^[26] By the 1960s, however, heavy industries began to slump, and residents sought new housing in the suburbs, reflecting the national trends of white flight and urban sprawl. Like other major American cities, Cleveland also began witnessing racial unrest, culminating in the Hough Riots from July 18, 1966 – July 23, 1966 and the Glenville Shootout on July 23, 1968 – July 25, 1968. The city's nadir is often considered to be its default on its loans on December 15, 1978, when under Mayor Dennis Kucinich it became the first major American city to enter default since the Great Depression.^[17] National media began referring to Cleveland as "the mistake on the lake" around this time, in reference to the city's financial difficulties, a notorious 1969 fire on the Cuyahoga River (where industrial waste on the river's surface caught on fire), and its struggling professional sports teams.^[27] The city has worked to shed this nickname ever since, though in recent times the national media have been much kinder to the city, using it as an exemplar for public-private partnerships, downtown revitalization, and urban renaissance.^[28] Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The 1948 World Series matched the Cleveland Indians, who had won the American League pennant in a one-game playoff against the Boston Red Sox, and the Boston Braves, who had won the National League pennant for the first time since the Miracle Braves team of 1914. ... Browns redirects here. ... NFL redirects here. ... All-America City Program Logo The All-America City Award is given by the National Civic League annually to ten cities in the United States. ... White flight is a term for the demographic trend where working- and middle-class white people move away from increasingly racial-minority inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs. ... -1... The Hough Riots, were race riots in the predominantly black community of Hough in Cleveland, Ohio that took place over a six-night period from July 18 to July 23, 1966. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... The Glenville Shootout was a violent series of events that occurred from July 23, 1968 to July 28, 1968 in Cleveland, Ohio. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... In finance, default occurs when a debtor has not met its legal obligations according to the debt contract, e. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Dennis John Kucinich (IPA: ) (born October 8, 1946) is an American politician of the Democratic party and a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in both 2004 and 2008. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... Public-private partnership (PPP) is a system in which a government service or private business venture is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private sector companies. ... Urban Renaissance is a term used to describe the recent period of repopulation and regeneration of many British cities, including, Bristol, Cardiff, Glasgow, Leeds, Manchester, and parts of London after a period of suburbanisation during the mid-20th century. ...

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on Cleveland's North Coast Harbor.

The metropolitan area began recovery thereafter under Mayors George Voinovich and Michael R. White. Redevelopment within the city limits has been strongest in the downtown area near the Gateway complex—consisting of Progressive Field and Quicken Loans Arena, and near North Coast Harbor—including the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland Browns Stadium, and the Great Lakes Science Center. Although Cleveland was hailed by the media as the "Comeback City,"^[29] many of the inner-city residential neighborhoods remain troubled, and the public school system continues to experience serious problems. Economic development, retention of young professionals, and capitalizing upon its waterfront are current municipal priorities.^[30] In 1999, Cleveland was identified as an emerging global city.^[31] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at sunset. ... North Coast Harbor is a district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. ... George Victor Voinovich (born July 15, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from the state of Ohio, and a member of the Republican Party. ... Michael R. White (born August 13, 1951) is an American politician of the Democratic party and the 55th and longest-serving mayor of Cleveland, Ohio encompassing three four-year terms, from 1990 to 2001. ... The Gateway Sports and Entertainment Complex, located in Cleveland, Ohio, consists of Jacobs Field and Gund Arena. ... Quicken Loans Arena (aka The Q) is a multipurpose arena in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Until August 2005, it was known as Gund Arena, named for Gordon Gund, a former owner of the Cavaliers, after he paid for the naming rights. ... North Coast Harbor is a district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. ... The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at sunset. ... Entrance ramp of the stadium Cleveland Browns Stadium is a football stadium located in Cleveland, Ohio ( ). It is the home of the Cleveland Browns NFL franchise. ... The Great Lakes Science Center is a museum and educational facility in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. ... Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants. ... This article is about the emigration term. ... â€œWorld cityâ€ redirects here. ...

Geography

Topography

Panorama of Public Square in 1912

Cleveland is located at 41°28′56″N, 81°40′11″W.^[32] According to the United States Census Bureau,^[1] the city has a total area of 82.4 square miles (213.5 km²), of which, 77.6 square miles (201.0 km²) is land and 4.8 square miles (12.5 km²) is water. The total area is 5.87% water. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1979x420, 324 KB) Summary 1912 panorama of Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio Source: American Memory Project, U.S. Library of Congress Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Cleveland, Ohio Category: Images of Cleveland, Ohio ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1979x420, 324 KB) Summary 1912 panorama of Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio Source: American Memory Project, U.S. Library of Congress Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Cleveland, Ohio Category: Images of Cleveland, Ohio ... In the United States, a town square is an area in the middle of a traditional town consisting of a park or plaza and surrounded by small shops. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol kmÂ², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ...

The shore of Lake Erie is 569 feet (173 m) above sea level; however, the city lies on a series of irregular bluffs lying roughly parallel to the lake. In Cleveland these bluffs are cut principally by the Cuyahoga River, Big Creek, and Euclid Creek. The land rises quickly from the lakeshore. Public Square, less than a mile (2 km) inland, sits at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m), and Hopkins Airport, only five miles (8 km) inland from the lake, is at an elevation of 791 feet (241 m).^[33] Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... The term above mean sea level (AMSL) refers to the elevation (on the ground) or altitude (in the air) of any object, relative to the average sea level. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... In the United States, a town square is an area in the middle of a traditional town consisting of a park or plaza and surrounded by small shops. ... â€œMilesâ€ redirects here. ... â€œkmâ€ redirects here. ...

Climate

Monthly normal and record high and low temperatures^[34]
Mon.	Avg. High	Avg. Low	Avg.	Rec. High	Rec. Low

Jan	33 °F	19 °F	26 °F	73 °F	-20 °F
Feb	36 °F	21 °F	29 °F	74 °F	-16 °F
Mar	46 °F	29 °F	38 °F	83 °F	-5 °F
Apr	57 °F	38 °F	48 °F	88 °F	10 °F
May	69 °F	48 °F	59 °F	92 °F	25 °F
Jun	77 °F	58 °F	68 °F	104 °F	31 °F
Jul	81 °F	62 °F	72 °F	103 °F	41 °F
Aug	79 °F	61 °F	70 °F	102 °F	38 °F
Sep	72 °F	54 °F	63 °F	101 °F	32 °F
Oct	61 °F	44 °F	52 °F	90 °F	19 °F
Nov	49 °F	35 °F	42 °F	82 °F	3 °F
Dec	37 °F	25 °F	31 °F	77 °F	-15 °F

Cleveland possesses a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), typical of much of the central United States, with very warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. The Lake Erie shoreline is very close to due east-west from the mouth of the Cuyahoga west to Sandusky, but at the mouth of the Cuyahoga it turns sharply northeast. This feature is the principal contributor to the lake effect snow that is typical in Cleveland (especially east side) weather from mid-November until the surface of Lake Erie freezes, usually in late January or early February. The lake effect causes snowfall totals to range greatly across the city: while Hopkins Airport has only reached 100 inches (254 cm) of snowfall in a given season three times since 1968,^[35] seasonal totals approaching or exceeding 100 inches (2,500 mm) are not uncommon in an area known as the "Snow Belt", extending from the east side of Cleveland proper through the eastern suburbs and up the Lake Erie shore as far as Buffalo, New York. Despite its reputation as a cold, snowy place in winter mild spells often break winter's grip with temperatures sometimes soaring above 70 °F (21 °C). The humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. ... The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... Location within the state of Ohio Coordinates: , Country State County Erie Founded 1816 Government - Mayor Area - Total 22. ... Lake-effect precipitation coming off the Great Lakes, as seen from NEXRAD. Lake effect snow, which can be a type of snowsquall, is produced in the winter when cold, artic dry winds move across long expanses of warmer lake water, picking up water vapor which freezes and is deposited on... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, â€³ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A centimetre (American spelling centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of length that is equal to one hundredth of a metre, the current SI base unit of length. ... A snowbelt is a region, many of which lie downwind of the Great Lakes, where heavy snowfall is particularly common. ... Nickname: Location of Buffalo in New York State Coordinates: , Country State County Erie First Settled 1789 Founded 1801 Incorporated (City) 1832 Government - Mayor Byron Brown (D) Area - City 52. ... For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... The degree Celsius (symbol: Â°C) is an SI derived unit of temperature. ...

The all-time record high in Cleveland of 104 °F (40 °C) was established on June 25, 1988, and the all-time record low of −20 °F (−29 °C) was set on January 19, 1994.^[34] On average, July is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 71.9 °F (22.2 °C), and January, with a mean temperature of 25.7 °F (−3.5 °C), is the coldest. Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1971 to 2000 is 38.7 inches (930 mm).^[36] For other uses, see Fahrenheit (disambiguation). ... The degree Celsius (symbol: Â°C) is an SI derived unit of temperature. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ...

Cityscape

Downtown Cleveland's skyline

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2559x660, 301 KB) Summary View of Cleveland, Ohio skyline from Cliff Drive, Cleveland. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2559x660, 301 KB) Summary View of Cleveland, Ohio skyline from Cliff Drive, Cleveland. ... Panorama of Cleveland in 1909 Downtown Cleveland in 2006 Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio. ...

Architecture

See also: List of tallest buildings in Cleveland and North Coast Harbor

The Terminal Tower complex, with the Warehouse District, the Cuyahoga River, and Lake Erie in the background

Cleveland's downtown architecture is diverse. Many of the city's government and civic buildings, including City Hall, the Cuyahoga County Courthouse, the Cleveland Public Library, and Public Auditorium, are clustered around an open mall and share a common neoclassical architecture. Built in the early 20th century, they are the result of the 1903 Group Plan, and constitute one of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States.^[37] The Terminal Tower, dedicated in 1930, was the tallest building in the United States between New York City and Chicago until 1967 and the tallest in the city until 1991.^[38] It is a prototypical Beaux-Arts skyscraper. The two newer skyscrapers on Public Square, Key Tower (currently the tallest building in Ohio) and the BP Building, combine elements of Art Deco architecture with postmodern designs. Another of Cleveland's architectural treasures is The Arcade (sometimes called the Old Arcade), a five-story arcade built in 1890 and renovated in 2001 as a Hyatt Regency Hotel.^[39] Cleveland's landmark ecclesiastical architecture includes the historic Old Stone Church in downtown Cleveland and the onion domed St. Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral in Tremont.^[40] This is a list of the tallest buildings in Cleveland, Ohio. ... North Coast Harbor is a district in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on the shore of Lake Erie. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x679, 523 KB) Summary http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x679, 523 KB) Summary http://www. ... The Tower City complex, with the Warehouse District and Lake Erie in the background. ... Now a hot night spot for twenty-somethings and urban professionals, Cleveland’s Warehouse District was once in serious disrepair after the businesses of its namesake had moved on. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... Lake Erie (pronounced ) is the tenth largest lake on Earth[2] and, of the five Great Lakes of North America, is the fourth largest by surface area, the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume. ... The Cleveland Public Library was founded in 1869 and is located in Cleveland, Ohio. ... Public Auditorium (sometimes called Public Hall) is located in the central business district of downtown Cleveland, Ohio. ... View of the Mall, looking north, towards Lake Erie. ... The Cathedral of Vilnius (1783), by Laurynas GuceviÄius. ... View of the Mall, looking north, towards Lake Erie. ... The City Beautiful movement was a Progressive reform movement in North American architecture and urban planning that flourished in the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities to counteract the perceived moral decay of poverty-stricken urban environments. ... The Terminal Tower complex in 1987 Lobby off of Public Square Construction workers building the Terminal Tower in 1927 The Terminal Tower is a landmark skyscraper located on Public Square in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... Beaux-Arts architecture[1] denotes the academic classical architectural style that was taught at the Ã‰cole des Beaux Arts in Paris. ... For other uses, see Skyscraper (disambiguation). ... View of the Key Tower from the BP Tower, with The Mall, Cleveland Browns Stadium, and Lake Erie in the background Key Tower is a skyscraper in Cleveland, Ohio designed by architect CÃ©sar Pelli. ... The BP America Building The BP America Building (also known as the Sohio Building, the BP America Tower, 200 Public Square, or simply the BP Building) is the third tallest skyscraper in Cleveland, Ohio. ... Asheville City Hall. ... 1000 de La GauchetiÃ¨re, with ornamented and strongly defined top, middle and bottom. ... The Cleveland Arcade in downtown Cleveland (late 1960s) The Arcade in Cleveland, Ohio was built in 1890 and is a unique architectural treasure of 19th century urban America. ... For other uses, see Arcade. ... Looking up inside the 32-story atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt, part of the Jin Mao Building. ... 300pxSalisbury Cathedral completed circa 1265 in the Gothic style Holy Trinity Cathedral, Parnell, Auckland. ... The Old Stone Church, viewed from Public Square. ... Detail of onion domes on Saint Basils Cathedral in Moscow An onion dome (Russian: Ð»ÑƒÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð°, lÃºkovichnaya glava) is a type of architectural dome usually associated with Russian Orthodox churches. ...

Running east from Public Square through University Circle is Euclid Avenue, which was known for its prestige and elegance. In the late 1880s, writer Bayard Taylor described it as "the most beautiful street in the world."^[41] Known as "Millionaire's Row", Euclid Avenue was world-renowned as the home of such internationally-known names as Rockefeller, Hanna, and Hay.^[42] Euclid Avenue is a commonly found name applied to streets in American cities; however Cleveland, Ohioâ€™s Euclid Avenue set the standard for the nation from the 1860s to the 1920s for beauty and sheer wealth. ... Bayard Taylor (James) (January 11, 1825 â€“ December 19, 1878) U.S. writer, was born at Kennett Square in Chester County, Pennsylvania. ... John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. ... Marcus Alonzo Hanna (September 24, 1837 - February 15, 1904) was an American industrialist and politician from Cleveland, Ohio. ... John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 â€“ July 1, 1905) was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln. ...

Cleveland Downtown from Voinovich Park

Cleveland is home to four parks in the countywide Cleveland Metroparks system, the "Emerald Necklace" of Olmsted-inspired parks that encircles the region. In the Big Creek valley sits the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, which contains the largest collection of primates of any zoo in the United States. The other three parks are Brookside Park and parts of the Rocky River and Washington Reservations. Apart from the Metroparks is Cleveland Lakefront State Park, which provides public access to Lake Erie. Among its six parks are Edgewater Park, located between the Shoreway and Lake Erie just west of downtown, and Euclid Beach Park and Gordon Park on the east side. The City of Cleveland's Rockefeller Park, with its many Cultural Gardens^[43] honoring the city's ethnic groups, follows Doan Brook across the city's east side. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (3,264 Ã— 2,176 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolutionâ€Ž (3,264 Ã— 2,176 pixels, file size: 1. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... The Cleveland Metroparks are a system of nature preserves in Greater Cleveland that encircle the city of Cleveland. ... {{Infobox Person | name = | image = FLOlmstead. ... Sarah Allison Steffee Center for Zoological Medicine The Cleveland Metroparks Zoo is a zoo in Cleveland, Ohio. ... Families 15, See classification A primate is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... The Cleveland Memorial Shoreway (often shortened to simply The Shoreway) is a controlled-access freeway in Cleveland, Ohio. ... Euclid Beach Park (1895â€”September 28, 1969) was an amusement park located on the Lake Erie shore in northeast Cleveland, Ohio. ...

Neighborhoods

Downtown Cleveland includes mixed-use neighborhoods such as the Flats and the Warehouse District, which are occupied by industrial and office buildings and also by restaurants and bars. The number of downtown housing units in the form of condominiums, lofts, and apartments has increased over the past ten years. This trend looks to continue with the recent revival of the Flats. The apartment and condominium project that was recently completed on the West Bank, Stonebridge Apartments, has been highly successful. The East Bank has its own redevelopment project underway orchestrated by Scott Wolstein of Developers Diversified Realty, Inc that looks only to enhance the Flats recent success. Panorama of Cleveland in 1909 Downtown Cleveland in 2006 Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio. ... The Flats is a mixed-use industrial, entertainment, and increasingly residential area of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. The area was given its name due to its mostly flat appearance and is defined as being the lower lying areas that line the banks of the Cuyahoga River. ... Now a hot night spot for twenty-somethings and urban professionals, Cleveland’s Warehouse District was once in serious disrepair after the businesses of its namesake had moved on. ... This article is about the form of housing. ... Loft apartments are apartments that are generally built into former industrial buildings. ... This article is about the structure. ...

The west bank of the Flats and the Cuyahoga River in downtown Cleveland

Cleveland residents often define themselves in terms of whether they live on the east side or the west side of the Cuyahoga River.^[44] The east side comprises the following neighborhoods: Buckeye-Shaker Square, Central, Collinwood, Corlett, Euclid-Green, Fairfax, Forest Hills, Glenville, Payne/Goodrich-Kirtland Park, Hough, Kinsman, Lee Harvard/Seville-Miles, Mount Pleasant, Nottingham, St. Clair-Superior, Union-Miles Park, University Circle, Little Italy, and Woodland Hills. The west side of the city includes the following neighborhoods: Brooklyn Centre, Clark-Fulton, Detroit-Shoreway, Cudell, Edgewater, Ohio City, Old Brooklyn, Stockyards, West Boulevard, and the four neighborhoods colloquially known as West Park: Kamm's Corners, Jefferson, Puritas-Longmead, and Riverside. Three neighborhoods in the Cuyahoga Valley are sometimes referred to as the south side: Industrial Valley/Duck Island, Slavic Village (North and South Broadway), and Tremont. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3264x2448, 1786 KB) Summary This is my photo, that I took and would like to donate to public domain/release all rights. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3264x2448, 1786 KB) Summary This is my photo, that I took and would like to donate to public domain/release all rights. ... The Flats is a mixed-use industrial, entertainment, and increasingly residential area of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. The area was given its name due to its mostly flat appearance and is defined as being the lower lying areas that line the banks of the Cuyahoga River. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... Panorama of Cleveland in 1909 Downtown Cleveland in 2006 Downtown Cleveland is the central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio. ... The Cuyahoga River (IPA pronunciation: , or kuy-a-HAW-ga, locally kie-uh-HOE-guh) is located in Northeast Ohio in the United States. ... The Shaker Mill Stone, which lies in Shaker Square Shaker Square is a neighborhood on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio which is centered around a shopping center and a stop on the rapid transit train line to downtown Cleveland at the intersection of Shaker and Moreland Boulevards. ... Collinwood is a neighborhood on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio annexed by the city in 1910. ... Glenville is a neighborhood in the Eastern section of Cleveland, Ohio. ... St. ... University Circle is a cultural, medical, educational and religious district on the east side of Cleveland, Ohio, occupying approximately 500 acres (2 km²) around the campus of Case Western Reserve University and the adjacent Wade Park Oval, and encompassing a large number of allied and independent institutions. ... Little Italy is a region of Cleveland, Ohio located at the base of Murray Hill, between Clevelands University Circle neighborhood and the suburb of Cleveland Heights. ... Detroit-Shoreway is a west side neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. ... Ohio City (City of Ohio) Originally part of Brooklyn Township, Ohio City, is one of Cleveland, Ohios oldest neighborhoods, Located immediately to the west of the Cuyahoga River. ... Old Brooklyn is a west side neighborhood of Cleveland, extending east-to-west from the Cuyahoga River to the City of Brooklyn and north-to-south from the Brookside Park Valley to the City of Parma. ... General Moses A. Cleaveland and his surveyors arrived on the east bank of the Cuyahoga River in July 1796. ... Slavic Village is a predominantly Eastern European neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio. ...

Satellite photograph of Cleveland and its surrounding suburbs

Several inner-city neighborhoods have begun to gentrify in recent years. Areas on both the west side (Ohio City, Tremont, Detroit-Shoreway, and Edgewater) and the east side (Collinwood, Hough, Fairfax, and Little Italy) have been successful in attracting increasing numbers of