Crass pictured at Bristol, September 1981
Background information
Origin	Epping, Essex, England
Genre(s)	anarcho-punk, hardcore punk, art punk
Years active	1977 – 1984
Label(s)	Small Wonder Records, Crass Records
Former members
Penny Rimbaud Gee Vaucher Steve Ignorant N.A.Palmer Phil Free Pete Wright Eve Libertine Joy De Vivre Mick Duffield John Loder Steve Herman

For information about the anarchist writer, see Chris Crass

Crass was an English anarchist punk rock band, formed in 1977^[1][2] and based around Dial House, an open house community near Epping, Essex. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this... This article is about the English city. ... High Street in Epping Epping is a market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the county of Essex in the United Kingdom. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Small Wonder Records is a UK independent record label that specialised in releasing records by punk rock bands. ... Crass Records was a record label set up by the anarchist punk band Crass. ... Penny Rimbaud circa 1977 Jeremy John Ratter (born 8 June 1943, Northwood, Middlesex, England), better known under his pseudonym of Penny Rimbaud, is a drummer, writer, poet, former member of performance art group EXIT and co-founder of the anarchist punk band Crass with Steve Ignorant in 1977. ... Gee Vaucher was born in 1945 in Dagenham, East London. ... Steve Ignorant performing with Crass at the Autonomy Centre, East London, December 1981 Steve Ignorant is a singer and artist. ... Phil Free was a guitarist for the anarco-punk band Crass. ... Pete Wright performing with Crass, London, December 1981 There have been a number of notable musicians named Pete Wright: Peter Wright, who is better known as Pete Wright was bass guitar player for anarchist punk band Crass from 1977 until 1984. ... Eve Libertine (real name Bronwyn Lloyd Jones) is a British singer. ... Joy De Vivre was the second female singer for the Anarcho-Punk Band Crass, throughout the 1980s. ... John Loder (April 7, 1946 - August 12, 2005) was a British sound engineer, record producer and founder of Southern Studios, as well as a former member of EXIT and co-founder of the Southern Records distribution company with his wife Sue. ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Chris Crass is an American anarchist from San Francisco, California. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Dial House is a sixteenth-century farm cottage nestling deep in the countryside in Essex, England, fringing Epping Forest. ... A Commune is a kind of intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property. ... High Street in Epping Epping is a market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the county of Essex in the United Kingdom. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ...

Whereas the Sex Pistols might have mentioned 'anarchy' for real value of chaos and punk rock. Crass actually promoted genuine peace and love hippie beliefs as a legitimate political ideology, way of living, and as a resistance movement, popularizing the seminal peace punk movement and touching on such overtly far left political issues as anti-consumerism, direct action, animal rights, feminism, anti-war, anti-corporatism, environmentalism, LGBT rights, anti-globalization, reproductive rights, anti-racism, squatting, and the separation of church and state. The Sex Pistols were an iconic and highly influential English punk rock band, formed in London in 1975. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ... The term far left refers to the relative position a person or group occupies within the political spectrum. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Direct action is a form of political activism which seeks immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect actions such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. ... A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... Feminism comprises a number of social, cultural and political movements, theories and moral philosophies that are concerned with the impact of cultural, political, and economic practices and inequalities on discrimination against women. ... Anti war protest in Melbourne, Australia, 2003 Anti_war is a name that is widely adopted by any social movement or person that seeks to end or oppose a future or current war. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... For the psychology topic, see Environmental psychology. ... LGBT social movements is a collective term for a number of movements that share related goals of social acceptance of homosexuality and/or gender variance. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Reproductive rights (also Procreative liberty) refers to human rights in areas of sexual reproduction, including the rights to reproduce (such as opposition to forced sterilization) as well as rights not to reproduce (such as support for access to birth control and abortion), the right to privacy, medical coverage, right to... Anti-racism refers to beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. ... The Chien Rouge in Lausanne, a squat held in the old hospital. ... Constantines Conversion, depicting the conversion of Emperor Constantine the Great to Christianity, by Peter Paul Rubens. ...

Taking literally the hippie punk manifesto of "Do It Yourself", Crass combined the use of sound collage, graphics, song, film, and subversion to launch a sustained and innovative critical broadside against all that they saw as a culture built on foundations of war, violence, sexism, prejudice, capitalism, religious hypocrisy and unthinking consumerism. They were also critical of what they perceived as the flaws of the punk movement itself, as well as wider youth culture in general. Crass were amongst the progenitors of the anarcho-pacifism that became common in the punk music scene (see also anarcho-punk). Crass also dissed real punk bands such as The Clash and The Exploited but never to Watty's face. The DIY punk ethic refers to the idea of doing it yourself, i. ... Sound collage is the production of songs, musical compositions, or recordings using portions, or samples, of previously made recordings. ... As a noun, a graphic usually refers to a computer image or picture, or an infographic, such as a chart. ... A song is a relatively short musical composition. ... Film is a term that encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. ... Subversion is an overturning or uprooting. ... Look up war in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The sign of the headquarters of the National Association Opposed To Woman Suffrage Sexism is commonly considered to be discrimination and/or hatred against people based on their sex rather than their individual merits, but can also refer to any and all systemic differentiations based on the sex of the... For with(out) prejudice in law, see Prejudice (law). ... Though the libertarian socialist critique of capitalism is rooted in socialist theory, there are certain key distinctions in their critiques, which this article attempts to elucidate. ... Philosophy and Christian Art. ... Consumerist redirects here. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... Anarcho-pacifism is a form of anarchism emphasizing the complete rejection of violence in any form for any purpose (esp. ... The anarchy symbol commonly used by anarcho-punks Anarcho-punk (sometimes known as peace-punk) is a subgenre of the punk rock movement consisting of groups and bands promoting specifically anarchist ideas. ...

History

Origins of the band

The Crass logo, designed by Dave King

The band came together when Dial House founder and former member of avant-farte performance art groups EXIT and Ceres Confusion Penny Rimbaud (real name Jerry Ratter) began jamming with Clash fan Steve Ignorant (real name Steve Williams), who was staying at the house at the time. Between them they put together the songs "So What?" and "Do They Owe Us A Living?" as a drums and vocals duo.^[3] For a (very) short period of time they called themselves Stormtrooper, before choosing the name Crass, a reference to the David Bowie song "Ziggy Stardust" (specifically the line "The kids was just crass"^[4]). Other members of the household began to join in, including Joy De Vivre, Pete Wright, Andy Palmer, Steve Herman and Eve Libertine (originally "the Band's first fan"^[5]), and it was not long before Crass performed their first live gig as part of a squatted street festival at Huntley Street, North London. Here they had intended to play a set of five songs; however, the "plug was pulled" on them by a neighbour after three.^[6] Guitarist Steve Herman shortly afterwards left the band to be replaced by Phil Clancey, who adopted the alias Phil Free.^[7] Other early Crass gigs included a four date tour of New York^[8] as well as regularly playing alongside the UK Subs at the White Lion pub in Putney. These latter performances were often not well-attended; "The audience consisted mostly of us when the Subs played and the Subs when we played."^[9] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article is about Performance art. ... EXIT were a performance art group during the mid 1970s. ... Penny Rimbaud circa 1977 Jeremy John Ratter (born 8 June 1943, Northwood, Middlesex, England), better known under his pseudonym of Penny Rimbaud, is a drummer, writer, poet, former member of performance art group EXIT and co-founder of the anarchist punk band Crass with Steve Ignorant in 1977. ... A jam session is a musical act where musicians gather and play (or jam) without extensive preparation or predefined arrangements. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Steve Ignorant performing with Crass at the Autonomy Centre, East London, December 1981 Steve Ignorant is a singer and artist. ... David Bowie (IPA: []) (born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, producer, arranger and audio engineer. ... The Rise And Fall Of Ziggy Stardust And The Spiders From Mars is a 1972 concept album by David Bowie, praised as the definitive album of the 1970s by Melody Maker magazine. ... Joy De Vivre was the second female singer for the Anarcho-Punk Band Crass, throughout the 1980s. ... There have been a number of notable musicians named Pete Wright; Peter Wright, who is better known as Pete Wright was bass guitar player for anarchist punk band Crass from 1977 until 1984. ... Eve Libertine (real name Bronwyn Lloyd Jones) is a British singer. ... Look up squat, squatter, squatting in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In its conventional sense, a street party is just what it says: a party taking place on a road. ... North London is that part of London which is north of the River Thames. ... NY redirects here. ... The UK Subs are an English punk band, the mainstay of which is vocalist Charlie Harper (born David Charles Perez, 25 April 1944), originally a singer in Britains R & B scene. ... An amusingly named pub (the Old New Inn) at Bourton-on-the-Water, in the Cotswold Hills of South West England A pub in the Haymarket area of Edinburgh, Scotland A public house, usually known as a pub, is a drinking establishment found mainly in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada... Putney is a district of south-west London in the London Borough of Wandsworth. ...

Crass also played at the legendary Roxy punk club in London's Covent Garden area. By the band's own account this was a debacle, ending in the group being ejected from the stage, and immortalised by their song "Banned from the Roxy"^[10] and Rimbaud's essay Crass at the Roxy.^[11] Crass were banned from the Roxy because their music wasn't considered punk rock and people were asking their money back after each horrid Crass performance. This caused Crass to rebel and write more less than mediocre songs. The Roxy was a fashionable nightclub on Neal Street in Londons Covent Garden, known for hosting the flowering British punk music scene in its infancy. ... Covent Garden is a district in central London and within the easterly bounds of the City of Westminster. ...

Eve Libertine performing with Crass at the Wapping Anarchist Centre, London, December 1981

Following this incident the band decided to take themselves more seriously, particularly paying more attention to their presentation. As well as avoiding drugs such as alcohol or cannabis before gigs, they also adopted a policy of wearing black, military surplus-style clothing at all times, whether on or off stage. They introduced their distinctive stage backdrop, a logo designed by Rimbaud's friend Dave King (later of Sleeping Dogs Lie). This gave the band a militaristic image, which led some to accuse them of fascism. Crass countered that their uniform appearance was intended to be a statement against the "cult of personality", so that, in contrast to the norm for many rock bands, no member would be identified as the 'leader'.^[12] eve libertine, 1981 ( This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited. ... eve libertine, 1981 ( This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited. ... Eve Libertine (real name Bronwyn Lloyd Jones) is a British singer. ... Wapping Old Stairs, one of many points of access to the foreshore in the area. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Cannabis, (also known as marijuana[1],pot, weed, or ganja[2] in its herbal form and hashish in its resinous form[3]) is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa L. subsp. ... Military surplus are goods, usually matériel, that are sold at public auction when no longer needed by the military. ... This article or section should include material from logo design, discuss it at Talk:Logo design A logotype, commonly known as a logo, is the graphic element of a trademark or brand, which is set in a special typeface/font, or arranged in a particular, but legible, way. ... Dave King (hockey) is a Hockey coach for Metallurg Magnitogorsk, a team that plays in the Russian Hockey Super League. ... Militarism or militarist ideology is the doctrinal view of a society as being best served (or more efficient) when it is governed or guided by concepts embodied in the culture, doctrine, system, or people of the military. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a countrys leader uses mass media to create a larger-than-life public image through unquestioning flattery and praise. ...

The aforementioned logo represented an amalgamation of several "icons of authority" including the Christian Cross, the swastika and the Union Flag combined with a two headed snake consuming itself (to symbolise the idea that power will eventually destroy itself).^[13][14] Using such deliberately mixed messages was part of Crass' strategy of presenting themselves as a "barrage of contradictions", which also included using loud, aggressive music to promote a pacifist message, and was in part a reference to their own Dadaist and performance art backgrounds. Look up icon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The traditional form of the Western Christian cross, known as the Latin cross. ... A right-facing Swastika in a decorative Hindu form The swastika (from Sanskrit ) is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing () or left-facing () forms. ... Flag Ratio: 1:2 The Union Flag (also known as the Union Jack; see discussion below) is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes. ... Cover of the first edition of the publication, Dada. ...

The band eschewed any elaborate stage lighting during live sets, instead preferring to be illuminated by simple 40 watt household light bulbs (the technical difficulties of filming under such lighting conditions in part explains why there is such little live footage of Crass in existence^[15]). The band pioneered multimedia presentation techniques, fully utilising video technology and using back-projected films and video collages made by Mick Duffield and Gee Vaucher to enhance their performances. This is a current Stagecraft collaboration! Please help improve it to good article standard. ... Multimedia artists are contemporary artists who use a wide range of media to communicate their art. ... Video art is a type of art which relies on moving pictures and is comprised of video and/or audio data. ... Gee Vaucher was born in 1945 in Dagenham, East London. ...

Sleeve art for Crass' The Feeding Of The 5000 12" record, illustrating the band's logo

 Because Crass recorded "Punk is Dead" punk rock bands such aa Special Duties and Slaughter and the Dogs took a very strong stand against Crass. 

Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Crass Records

Main article: Crass Records

Crass' first release was The Feeding Of The 5000, an 18 track 12" 45 rpm EP on the Small Wonder label in 1978. Workers at the pressing plant initially refused to handle it due to the allegedly blasphemous content of the song "Reality Asylum". The record was eventually released with this track removed and replaced by two minutes of silence, ironically titled "The Sound Of Free Speech". This incident prompted Crass to set up their own independent record label, Crass Records, in order to retain full editorial control over their material. "Reality Asylum" was shortly afterwards released on Crass Records in a re-recorded and extended form as a 7" single. Later pressings of the album (also on Crass Records) restored the original version of the missing track. Crass Records was a record label set up by the anarchist punk band Crass. ... 45 RPM is a collection of songs by The The. ... Small Wonder Records is a UK independent record label that specialised in releasing records by punk rock bands. ... Look up blasphemy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An independent record label is variously described as a record label operating without the funding (or outside the organizations) of the major record labels, and/or a label that subscribes to indie philosophies such as DIY and anti-corporate art. ... Crass Records was a record label set up by the anarchist punk band Crass. ... A collection of various CD singles In music, a single is a short recording of one or more separate tracks. ...

As well as their own material, Crass Records released recordings by other performers, the first of which was the 1980 single "You Can Be You" by Honey Bane, a teenage girl who was staying at Dial House whilst on the run from a children's home. Other artists included Zounds, Flux Of Pink Indians, Omega Tribe, Rudimentary Peni, Conflict, Icelandic band KUKL (who included singer Björk), classical singer Jane Gregory, Anthrax, Lack of Knowledge and the Poison Girls, a like-minded band who worked closely with Crass for several years. Image of Fatal Microbes on back of their Violence Grows 7 The Fatal Microbes was a UK punk rock group that existed in the late 1970s. ... Zounds were a UK anarchist band formed in 1977 from loose jamming sessions around the Reading area. ... Flux Of Pink Indians was a anarcho-punk/Post punk band that originated from Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. ... Sleeve of Angry Songs Omega Tribe was an English anarcho-punk band, formed in the early 1980s. ... Rudimentary Peni was a band that lurked in the shadows of success of the British anarcho-punk movement, occassionaly venturing into what would become to be known as deathrock. ... Conflict is an anarcho-punk band originally based around Eltham in South London. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Björk Guðmundsdóttir ( ) (born November 21, 1965 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is an Icelandic singer-songwriter and composer, as well as an occasional actress. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Poison Girls preforming at the squatted Zig Zag Club in London, 18th December 1982 The Poison Girls were a British anarcho-punk band. ...

Crass Records also put out three editions of Bullshit Detector, compilations of demos and rough recordings which had been sent to the band, and which they felt represented the DIY punk ethic. Bullshit Detector was the name of a series of compilation LPs put together by the punk band Crass and released on their Crass Records label. ... The DIY punk ethic refers to the idea of doing it yourself, i. ...

The catalogue numbers of Crass Records releases were intended to represent a countdown to the year 1984 (eg, 521984 meaning "five years until 1984"), both the year that Crass stated that they would split up, and a date charged with significance in the anti-authoritarian calendar due to George Orwell's novel of the same name. Anti-authoritarianism is opposition to authoritarianism, which is defined as concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people or the doctrine that advocates such absolutism in rule, as in autocracy, despotism, dictatorship, and totalitarianism. ... Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903[1][2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ... (Redirected from 1984 (novel)) Nineteen Eighty-Four (sometimes 1984) is a darkly satirical political novel by George Orwell. ...

Penis Envy, Christ - The Album and a change of strategy

Crass at the Digbeth Civic Hall, Birmingham, 1981

Crass released their third album Penis Envy in 1981. This marked a departure from the 'hardcore punk' image that Feeding of the 5000 and its follow up Stations of the Crass had to some extent given the group. It featured more complex musical arrangements and exclusively female vocals provided by Eve Libertine and Joy De Vivre (although Steve Ignorant remained a group member and is credited on the record sleeve as not on this recording). Crass photo by G Burnett This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... Crass photo by G Burnett This image is copyrighted and is not licenced under the GFDL. The licence holder allows anyone to use it for any non-commercial purpose, provided that the photographer Graham Burnett is credited File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... Birmingham (pron. ... Penis Envy, released in 1981, was the third LP by anarchist punk band Crass. ... Stations of the Crass is the second album by Crass, released in 1979. ... A singer is a musician who uses their voice to produce music. ... Eve Libertine (real name Bronwyn Lloyd Jones) is a British singer. ... Joy De Vivre was the second female singer for the Anarcho-Punk Band Crass, throughout the 1980s. ...

The album addressed feminist issues and once again attacked in self parodying tactics the institutions of 'the system' such as marriage and sexual repression. One track, a deliberately saccharine parody of a 'MOR' love song entitled "Our Wedding", was given away as a flexi disc with 'Loving', a teenage girl's romance magazine having been offered it by an organisation calling itself "Creative Recording And Sound Services" (note the initials). A minor tabloid controversy resulted once the hoax was revealed, with the News of the World going so far as to state that the album's title was "too obscene to print".^[16] Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ... Saccharin is the oldest artificial sweetener; it was discovered in 1879 by Ira Remsen and Constantine Fahlberg of Johns Hopkins University. ... In contemporary usage, a parody (or lampoon) is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject. ... This article is about the radio format. ... Love songs are songs about love, a subset of songs that deal with intimacy. ... Flexi disc in a magazine The flexi disc is a phonograph record made of a thin vinyl sheet with a molded-in spiral stylus groove, and is designed to be playable on a normal phonograph turntable. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The News of the World is a British tabloid newspaper published every Sunday. ...

The band's fourth LP, 1982's double set Christ - The Album, was recorded in a garage in Tent. The band was afraid of getting beat up by skins and punx. They produce and mix garbage, during which time the Falklands War had broken out and ended. This caused Crass to fundamentally question their approach to making records. As a group whose primary purpose was political commentary, they felt they had been overtaken and made to appear redundant by real world events. Subsequent releases, including the singles "How does it Feel to Be the Mother of A Thousand Dead" and "Sheep Farming in the Falklands", and the album Yes Sir, I Will, saw the band strip their sound back to basics and were issued as "tactical responses" to political situations.^[17] They also anonymously produced 20,000 copies of a flexi-disc featuring a live recording of "Sheep Farming...", copies of which were randomly inserted into the sleeves of other records by sympathetic workers at the Rough Trade records distribution warehouse as a means of spreading their views to those who might not normally hear them.^[18] Christ - The Album is Crass fourth album, released in 1982. ... Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed... Political criticism (also referred to as political commentary or political discussion) is criticism that is specifically of or relevant to politics, including policies, politicians, political parties, and types of government. ... The term Real World or real world may mean: the stage of life that one enters after completing ones schooling, as in the sentence, After students enter the real world, they may not be able to sleep late as often as they did while in school. ... Yes Sir, I Will, released by Crass in 1983 (see 1983 in music), was the bands final official album. ... Rough Trade Records, now a member of the RIAA[1], began as an independent record label, based in London, England. ...

Direct Action, 'Thatchergate' and internal debates

Detail from front cover artwork from Stations of the Crass, illustrating an example of the stenciled graffiti used by the band

From their earliest days of spraying stencilled anti-war, anarchist, feminist and anti-consumerist graffiti messages around the London Underground system and on advertising billboards [1], [2], the band had always been involved in political as well as musical activities. On December 18th, 1982, Crass co-ordinated a 24hr squat of the Zig Zag club in West London primarily for a concert that night for approx 500 attendees to prove "that the underground punk scene could handle itself responsibly when it had to and that music really could be enjoyed free of the restraints imposed upon it by corporate industry"^[19]). Stations of the Crass cover art used with bands permission This is an album cover. ... Stations of the Crass cover art used with bands permission This is an album cover. ... Anti war protest in Melbourne, Australia, 2003 Anti_war is a name that is widely adopted by any social movement or person that seeks to end or oppose a future or current war. ... Anarchism is a generic term describing various political philosophies and social movements that advocate the elimination of hierarchy and imposed authority. ... Feminism is a social theory and political movement primarily informed and motivated by the experience of women. ... Anti-consumerism is the rejection of consumerism. ... Graffiti (strictly, as singular, graffito, from the Italian — graffiti being the plural) are images or letters applied without permission to publicly viewable surfaces such as walls or bridges. ... The London Underground is a transit system that serves much of Greater London and some neighbouring areas. ...

Bands playing at the Zig Zag (in running order) were Faction, D an V, Omega Tribe, Lack of Knowledge, Sleeping Dogs, The Apostles, Amebix, Null & Void, Soldiers of Fortune, The Mob, Polemic Attack, Poison Girls, Conflict, Flux of Pink Indians, Crass and DIRT.^[20] The Apostles are an experimental punk rock band who developed within the confines of the 1980s Anarcho Punk scene in the UK, but did not necessarily adhere to the aesthetics of that movement. ... Amebix, formed in England in 1978, were a band that many consider to have started the sub genre crust punk. ... The word mob has its origins in the 1600s when it was formed from the latin mobile vulgus, meaning a vacillating crowd. ... Poison Girls preforming at the squatted Zig Zag Club in London, 18th December 1982 The Poison Girls were a British anarcho-punk band. ... Conflict is an anarcho-punk band originally based around Eltham in South London. ... Flux Of Pink Indians was a anarcho-punk/Post punk band that originated from Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. ... DIRT pictured at the Wapping Autonomy Centre, December 1981 DIRT are an anarcho-punk band from the UK. Initially forming in 1980, the band frequently played with fellow anarchists Crass, before releasing their first EP, Object, Refuse, Reject, Abuse on the Crass Records label. ...

In 1983 and 1984 they were part of the Stop the City actions instigated by London Greenpeace^[21] that were arguably fore-runners of the anti-globalisation actions of the early 21st century.^[22] Explicit support for such activities was given in the lyrics of the band's final single release "You're Already Dead", which also saw Crass abandoning their long time commitment to pacifism. This led to further introspection within the band, with some members feeling that they were beginning to become embittered as well as losing sight of their essentially positive stance.^[23] As a reflection of this debate, the next release using the Crass name was Acts of Love, classical music settings of 50 poems by Penny Rimbaud described as "songs to my other self" and intended to celebrate "'the profound sense of unity, peace and love that exists within that other self."^[24] This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Anti-globalization (anti-globalisation) is a political stance of opposition to the perceived negative aspects of globalization. ... Acts of Love is an album of 50 poems by Penny Rimbaud of the anarchist punk band Crass, set to classical music and performed by Steve Ignorant and Eve Libertine. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ...

A further post-Falklands war hoax that originated from members of Crass was known as 'the Thatchergate tapes'. This was a cassette featuring a faked conversation using edited recordings of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagans' voices, in which they appeared to allege that Europe would be used as a target for intermediate range nuclear weapons in any conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. Copies were leaked to the press, and although put together totally anonymously, the British Observer newspaper was somehow able to link the tape with the band.^[25] A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ... Thatchergate was the colloquial title of a hoax perpetrated by members of the anarcho-punk band Crass. ... Typical 60-minute Compact Cassette. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925), former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in office from 1979 to 1990. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 - June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ... The Observer is a broadsheet newspaper of the United Kingdom published on Sundays. ...

Dissolution

Crass all but retired from the public eye after becoming a small thorn in the side of Margaret Thatcher's government following the Falklands War. Questions in Parliament and an attempted prosecution under the UK's Obscene Publications Act for their single "How Does It Feel..."^[26] led to a round of court battles and what the band describe as harassment that finally took its toll. On July 7, 1984 the band played their final gig at Aberdare in Wales, a benefit for striking miners, before retreating to Dial House to concentrate their energies elsewhere. Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC (born October 13, 1925), former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in office from 1979 to 1990. ... Combatants Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner 75 fixed... Type Bicameral Houses House of Commons House of Lords Speaker of the House of Commons The Right Honourable Michael Martin MP Lord Speaker Hélène Hayman, Baroness Hayman, PC Members 1377 (646 Commons, 731 Peers) Political groups (as of May 5, 2005 elections) Labour Party Conservative Party Liberal Democrats... Since 1857, a series of obscenity laws known as the Obscene Publications Acts have governed what can be published. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar). ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... This article is about the country. ... The miners strike of 1984-5 was a major piece of industrial action affecting the British coal industry. ...

Guitarist Andy Palmer had announced that he intended to move on from the band in order to further his art college studies, and the reported group consensus was that replacing him would be "like having a corpse in the band".^{[citation needed]} This catalysed the affirmation of Crass' consistently stated intention to split up in 1984. Steve Ignorant went on to join the band Conflict, with whom he had already worked on an ad hoc basis, and in 1992 formed Schwartzeneggar (sic). From 1997-2000, he was a member of the group Stratford Mercenaries. He has also worked as a Punch and Judy professor and as a solo performer. Eve Libertine continued to record with her son Nemo Jones as well as performance artist A-Soma. Pete Wright concentrated on building himself a houseboat and formed the performance art group Judas 2, whilst Rimbaud continued to write and perform both solo and with other artists. Art school is a colloquial term for any educational institution (whether secondary, post-secondary/undergraduate, or graduate/postgraduate) with a primary focus on the visual arts, especially graphic design, illustration, painting, photography, and sculpture. ... Conflict is an anarcho-punk band originally based around Eltham in South London. ... Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means for this [purpose]. It generally signifies a solution that has been tailored to a specific purpose, such as a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol, and specific-purpose equation and things like that. ... Side project of the anarchist punk band Crass that reflected a slighty more agro-pop sound. ... A stained glass illustration of Punch by Professor Ignorant Punch and Judy is a popular puppet show featuring Punch and his wife Judy. ... In performing arts and entertainment, a One Man Show or Solo Show is frequently performed by, but not limited to, stand-up comedians. ... A houseboat in Amsterdam Houseboat for Students in Zwolle, Netherlands. ...

2002 onwards: The Crass Collective/Crass Agenda/Last Amendment

In November 2002 several former members of Crass collaborated under the name The Crass Collective to arrange Your Country Needs You, a concert of "voices in opposition to war" held at the Queen Elizabeth Hall on London's South Bank that included a performance of Britten's War Requiem as well as performers such as Goldblade, Fun-Da-Mental, Ian MacKaye and Pete Wright's post-Crass project Judas 2. In October 2003, the Crass Collective changed their working title to Crass Agenda, and they continue to perform regularly. During 2004 Crass Agenda were at the forefront of the campaign to save the Vortex Jazz Club in Stoke Newington, North London, which has now relocated to Hackney. In June 2005 Crass Agenda was declared to be 'no more', subsequently changing the name of the project to the 'more appropriate' Last Amendment. Crass Agenda is the working title of a series of collaborations by ex-members of the anarchist punk band Crass and others. ... The Queen Elizabeth Hall (QEH) is a music venue on the South Bank in London, which hosts daily classical, jazz, and avant-garde music and dance performances. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The National Theatre is one of the collection of arts buildings that make up the South Bank Centre. ... The War Requiem is a requiem composed by Benjamin Britten for the reconsecration of Coventry Cathedral on May 30, 1962 following its destruction during World War II. A mourning song for the victims of war, Britten’s War Requiem is considered one of the great heartrending choral-orchestral works of... Fun-Da-Mental is a radical, multi-ethnic, British, Islamic world fusion and ethno techno band formed in 1991. ... Ian Thomas Garner MacKaye (pronounced ), born April 16, 1962, is an American musician, probably best known as the singer for the highly influential bands Minor Threat, Embrace and Fugazi, and as one of the founders and owners (with drummer and artist Jeff Nelson) of Dischord Records, a Washington, D.C... This article is about the term working title. ... Crass Agenda is the working title of a series of collaborations by ex-members of the anarchist punk band Crass and others. ... The Dalston Culture House now houses the Vortex Jazz Club. ... The Castle Climbing Centre, once the main Water Board pumping station. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The London Borough of Hackney is a London Borough in the east end of London and part of inner London. ... 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in June June 27: Shelby Foote June 27: John T. Walton June 26: Richard Whiteley June 25: John Fiedler June 25: Chet Helms June 24: Paul Winchell June 21: Jaime Cardinal Sin June 20: Jack Kilby... Last Amendment (formerly known as The Crass Collective and Crass Agenda) is the working title of a series of collaborations by ex-members of the anarchist punk band Crass and others. ...

A "new" Crass track (actually a remix of 1982's "Major General Despair", with new lyrics), "The Unelected President", is also available [3].

Influences

The philosophical and aesthetic influence of Crass on numerous punk bands from the 1980s were far reaching, even if few bands mimicked their later more free-form musical style (as on Yes Sir, I Will and their final recording, 10 Notes on a Summer's Day). The band has stated that their musical antecedents and influences were seldom drawn from the rock music tradition, but rather from classical music (particularly Benjamin Britten, on whose work, Rimbaud states, some of Crass' riffs are directly based^[27]), Dada and the avant-garde such as John Cage as well as performance art traditions. Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musician(s) involved; in many cases the musicians make an active effort to avoiding overt references to recognizable musical genres. ... Rock is a form of popular music, usually featuring vocals (often with vocal harmony), electric guitars, and a strong back beat; other instruments, such as the saxophone, are common in some styles, however saxophones have been omitted from newer subgenres of rock music since the 90s. ... Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten, OM CH (November 22, 1913 Lowestoft, Suffolk - December 4, 1976 Aldeburgh, Suffolk) was a British composer, conductor, and pianist. ... Cover of the first edition of the publication, Dada. ... For Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ...

Pencil and watercolour artwork from Christ the Album by Gee Vaucher

Their painted and collage-art black-and-white record sleeves produced by Gee Vaucher themselves became a signature aesthetic model, and can be seen as an influence on later artists such as Banksy (Banksy and Vaucher have latterly collaborated^[28]) and the subvertising movement. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x608, 312 KB)an example of gees painted artwork showing her critique of society and sexism. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (600x608, 312 KB)an example of gees painted artwork showing her critique of society and sexism. ... Christ: The Album is Crass fourth album, released in 1982. ... A collage composed of magazine articles and pictures Collage (From the French: , to stick) is regarded as a work of visual arts made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole. ... Gee Vaucher was born in 1945 in Dagenham, East London. ... Banksy is a well-known yet pseudo-anonymous[1] English graffiti artist, possibly named Robert Banks. ... A subvertisement based on the Coca-Cola logo Subvertising refers to the practice of making spoofs or parodies of corporate and political advertisements in order to make a statement. ...

Members

• Steve Ignorant (Voice)
• Eve Libertine (Voice)
• Joy De Vivre (Voice)
• N.A.Palmer (Guitar)
• Phil Free (Guitar)
• Pete Wright (Bass and Voice)
• Penny Rimbaud (Drums)
• Gee Vaucher (Artwork, Piano, Radio)
• Mick Duffield (Films)
• John Loder (1946 - 2005), sound engineer and founder of Southern Studios, is sometimes considered to be the '9th member' of Crass^[29]
• Steve Herman (???? - 1989) left Crass shortly after their first gig.

Steve Ignorant performing with Crass at the Autonomy Centre, East London, December 1981 Steve Ignorant is a singer and artist. ... Eve Libertine (real name Bronwyn Lloyd Jones) is a British singer. ... Joy De Vivre was the second female singer for the Anarcho-Punk Band Crass, throughout the 1980s. ... Phil Free was a guitarist for the anarco-punk band Crass. ... Pete Wright performing with Crass, London, December 1981 There have been a number of notable musicians named Pete Wright: Peter Wright, who is better known as Pete Wright was bass guitar player for anarchist punk band Crass from 1977 until 1984. ... Penny Rimbaud circa 1977 Jeremy John Ratter (born 8 June 1943, Northwood, Middlesex, England), better known under his pseudonym of Penny Rimbaud, is a drummer, writer, poet, former member of performance art group EXIT and co-founder of the anarchist punk band Crass with Steve Ignorant in 1977. ... Gee Vaucher was born in 1945 in Dagenham, East London. ... John Loder (April 7, 1946 - August 12, 2005) was a British sound engineer, record producer and founder of Southern Studios, as well as a former member of EXIT and co-founder of the Southern Records distribution company with his wife Sue. ... Audio engineering is the branch of engineering dealing with the production of sound through mechanical means. ... Southern Studios is a recording studio in the Wood Green area of London. ...

Discography

(All released on the Crass record label unless otherwise stated.)

• The Feeding Of The 5000
  (12" EP, 1978, originally released by Small Wonder Records, re-released on Crass Records as 621984) [UK Indie – #6]
• "Reality Asylum / Shaved Women" (CRASS1, 7", 1979) [UK Indie – #9]
• Stations Of The Crass (521984, LP, 1979) [UK Indie – #1]
• "You Can Be You" (521984/1, 7" single by Honey Bane, backed by Crass under the name Donna and the Kebabs, 1979) [UK Indie – #3]
• "Bloody Revolutions / Persons Unknown" (421984/1, 7" single, joint released with the Poison Girls, 1980) [UK Indie – #1]
• "Tribal Rival Rebel Revels" (421984/6F, flexi disc single given away with Toxic Grafity (sic) fanzine, 1980)
• The Feeding of the 5000 (Second Sitting) (1980, 12" EP, a reissue of the 1978 Small Wonder release on Crass Records, with the missing track "Asylum" reinstated) [UK Indie – #11]
• "Nagasaki Nightmare / Big A Little A" (421984/5, 7" single, 1981) [UK Indie – #1]
• Penis Envy (321984/1, LP, 1981) [UK Indie – #1]
• "Our Wedding" (321984/1F, flexi disc single by Creative Recording And Sound Services given away with magazine Loving)[4])
• "Merry Crassmas" (CT1, 7" single, 1981, Crass' stab at the Christmas novelty market) [UK Indie – #2] [5])
• Christ The Album (BOLLOX2U2, double LP, 1982) [UK Indie – #1]
• "Sheep Farming In The Falklands / Gotcha" (121984/3, 7" single, 1982, originally released anonymously as a flexi-disc) [UK Indie – #1]
• "How Does It Feel To Be The Mother Of 1000 Dead? / The Immortal Death" (221984/6, 7" single, 1983) [UK Indie – #1]
• Yes Sir, I Will (121984/2, LP, 1983) [UK Indie – #1]
• "Whodunnit?" (121984/4, 7" single, 1983), pressed in "shit coloured vinyl") [UK Indie – #2]
• "You're Already Dead / Nagasaki is Yesterday's Dog-End / Don't get caught" (1984, 7" single, 1984)
• Acts Of Love (1984/4, LP and book, 1985. Poems of Penny Rimbaud set to classical music, sung by Eve Libertine and Steve Ignorant. The book is illustrated with paintings by Gee Vaucher)
• Best Before 1984 (CATNO5, LP compilation, 1986) [UK Indie – #7]
• "Ten Notes On A Summer's Day" (CATNO6, 12" EP, 1986) [UK Indie – #6]
• Christ: The Bootleg (recorded live in Nottingham, 1984, released 1989 on Allied Records)
• You'll Ruin It For Everyone (recorded live in Perth, Scotland, 1981, released 1993 on Pomona Records)

The Feeding of the 5000 is the first album by Crass, released in 1978 (see 1978 in music). ... Small Wonder Records is a UK independent record label that specialised in releasing records by punk rock bands. ... Stations of the Crass is the second album by Crass, released in 1979. ... Image of Fatal Microbes on back of their Violence Grows 7 The Fatal Microbes was a UK punk rock group that existed in the late 1970s. ... Poison Girls preforming at the squatted Zig Zag Club in London, 18th December 1982 The Poison Girls were a British anarcho-punk band. ... A fanzine (see also: zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular subject for the pleasure of others who share their interest. ... Penis Envy, released in 1981, was the third LP by anarchist punk band Crass. ... Christ: The Album is Crass fourth album, released in 1982. ... Yes Sir, I Will, released by Crass in 1983 (see 1983 in music), was the bands final official album. ... Acts of Love is an album of 50 poems by Penny Rimbaud of the anarchist punk band Crass, set to classical music and performed by Steve Ignorant and Eve Libertine. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... Best Before 1984 is a compilation of Crass singles and other tracks, released in 1986. ... Christ: The Bootleg is a live album by Crass, released in 1989. ... Youll Ruin It For Everyone is a live album by Crass recorded in Perth, Scotland in 1981. ... Perth (Scottish Gaelic: ) is a royal burgh in central Scotland. ...

Videos

• Crass

Christ: The Movie (a series of short films by Mick Duffield that were shown at Crass performances, VHS, released 1990)

Semi-Detached (video collages by Gee Vaucher, 1978–84, VHS, 2001)

• Crass Agenda

In the Beginning Was the WORD – Live DVD recorded at the Progress Bar, Tufnell Park, London, 18 November 2004 (Gallery Gallery Productions, Le Chaos Factory, 2006)

Compilations

• "It's You" — track on P.E.A.C.E. international anti-war benefit compilation released by R. Radical Records (1984)
• "Powerless With A Guitar" — track on Devastate to Liberate benefit compilation for the Animal Liberation Front, TIBETan records, (1986)
• "The Unelected President" — track on Peace Not War anti-war CD compilation. (This track is actually a remix of 1982's "Major General Despair", with new lyrics and additional instrumentation provided by Dylan Bates), (2003)

Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ...

References and bibliography

AK Press is a collectively owned and operated independent publisher and book distributor that specialises in radical and anarchist literature. ... Bullshit Detector was the name of a series of compilation LPs put together by the punk band Crass and released on their Crass Records label. ... Omnibus Press is a British publisher of books, primarily about music. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... Year 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar). ... Liner notes are the booklets which come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or any sound recording container. ... The verso of a broadsheet, pamphlet or any printed document is the side that is meant to be read second or the left-hand page of a folded sheet. ... Charing Cross Road, London, looking North from its junction with Long Acre. ... August 19, 2005 (Friday) Mounir El Motassadeq, the first person to be convicted for his role in the 9/11 attacks who had his conviction overturned in 2004, is re-convicted in Hamburg, Germany and sentenced to seven years in prison. ...

Also of note

• You've Heard It All Before (1993, Ruptured Ambitions Records), a 'tribute album' consisting of cover versions of songs by Crass performed by various artists.
• "Bullshit Crass" (Rondolet Records, 1982) — a 'critique' of Crass by Colchester punk band Special Duties that parodied Crass' chant of "fight war, not wars" with the words "fight Crass, not punk" [6].
• A Series Of Shock Slogans And Mindless Token Tantrums (Exitstencil Press, 1982) (originally issued as a pamphlet with the LP Christ The Album, much of the text is now published online at [7])
• The Diamond Signature (Penny Rimbaud, 1999, AK Press)
• Crass Art and other Post Modern Monsters (Gee Vaucher, 1999, AK Press)
• International Anthem: A Nihilist Newspaper For The Living issues 1-3 (Exitstencil Press, 1977-81) (see [8])
• Love Songs (collected lyrics of Crass with an introduction by Penny Rimbaud, Pomona Books, 2004) [9]
• '"The Hippies Now Wear Black": Crass and the anarcho-punk movement, 1977-1984', Richard Cross in Socialist History, 26, 2004 [10]
• George McKay Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance since the Sixties, chapter three 'CRASS 621984 ANOK4U2'. (1996) London: Verso. ISBN 1-85984-028-0.
• George Berger - The Story of Crass (2006) London: Omnibus Press ISBN 1-84609-402-X [11]
• Ian Glasper - The Day the Country Died: A History of Anarcho Punk 1980 to 1984 (2006) [12]
• There is No Authority But Yourself - A film by Alexander Oey documenting the history of Crass and Dial House (Submarine, Netherlands, 2006)

Ruptured Ambitions first began life as a do-it-yourself promotional outfit for punk, and punk-related independant musical ensembles based in the Plymouth and West Devon areas of the UK. This soon spread, encompassing musical groups, desktop publishing and other DIY, anarchistic and fund-raising bodies throughout the country... In popular music, a cover version, or simply cover, is a new rendition (performance or recording) of a previously recorded song. ... The term Various Artists is used in the record industry when numerous singers and musicians collaborate on a song or collection of songs. ... The town of Colchester is the main settlement in the East of England borough of Colchester, Essex. ... The Special Duties is a British punk rock group History of the band The Special duties was created in October 1977 by schoolfellows Steve Green (Aka Arrogant), Steve Norris (Aka Duty) and Nigel Baker. ... There is No Authority But Yourself is a Dutch film directed by Alexander Oey documenting the history of anarchist punk band Crass. ...

See also

• Anarchism in the arts
• Punk ideology

Visual Art Freddie Baer André Breton Carlo Carrà Flavio Constantini Mike Flugennock Clifford Harper Jay Kinney (Anarchy Comics) Arthur Moyse Latuff Laura Norder Donald Rooum (Wildcat Comics, see Freedom newspaper) Franklin Rosemont Penelope Rosemont Mark Rothko Winston Smith Seth Tobocman Camille Pissarro Gee Vaucher John Yates Music A Silver Mt. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

External links

• Official Crass website
• Official Crass news and discussion forum at Southern Studios website
• A critical view of Crass from the 'Punk 77' website
• Interview from 'Mucilage' fanzine
• A Christian perspective on Crass
• 'Dial House under threat' from UK The Guardian newspaper.
• Sample of track "Do They Owe Us A Living?"
• Samples of Crass songs