Over a thousand riders took part in the 10th anniversary ride in Melbourne during November 2005.

Critical Mass is an event typically held on the last Friday of every month in cities around the world where bicyclists and, less frequently, unicyclists, skateboarders, inline skaters, roller skaters and other self-propelled commuters take to the streets en masse. While the ride was originally founded with the idea of drawing attention to how unfriendly the city was to bicyclists,^[1] the leaderless structure of Critical Mass makes it impossible to assign it any one specific goal. In fact, the purpose of Critical Mass is not formalized beyond the direct action of meeting at a set location and time and traveling as a group through city streets. Look up critical mass in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1712x2304, 1779 KB) Summary Description: The 10th anniversary ride of Critical Mass Melbourne branch saw a reported 1400 cyclists take part. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1712x2304, 1779 KB) Summary Description: The 10th anniversary ride of Critical Mass Melbourne branch saw a reported 1400 cyclists take part. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see World (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bicycle (disambiguation). ... A Torker Unicycle A unicycle is a one-wheeled human powered vehicle. ... A standard skateboard An old-school skateboard A skateboard is a four wheeled platform used for the activity of skateboarding. ... The roller skate is a type of skate with wheels to be used on solid ground (as opposed to the ice skate which is to be used on ice. ... ... Direct action is a form of political activism which seeks immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect actions such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. ...

Background

Critical Mass rides are self-organized, non-commercial and non-competitive, and they operate with diffused and informal decision-making, independent of leaders. They are often also unofficial, foregoing permits and official sanction from municipal authorities. Typically, only the meeting place, date, and time are fixed. In some cities, the route, finishing point, or attractions along the way may be planned ahead. Participants have differing purposes for the event, such as celebrating their choice of the bicycle for transportation, ^[2] and enjoying car-free social time on city streets. ^[3]

Critical Mass rides have been perceived as protest activities. A 2006 New Yorker magazine article described Critical Mass' activity in New York City as "monthly political-protest rides", and characterized Critical Mass as a part of a social movement; ^[4] and the UK e-zine Urban75, which advertises as well as publishes photographs of the Critical Mass event in London, describes this as "the monthly protest by cyclists reclaiming the streets of London".^[5] However, Critical Mass participants have insisted that these events should be viewed as "celebrations" and spontaneous gatherings, and not as protests or organized demonstrations.^[6][7] This stance allows Critical Mass to argue a legal position that its events can occur without advance notification of local police.^[8][9] Demonstrators march in the street while protesting the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on April 16, 2005. ... For other uses, see New Yorker. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... American Civil Rights Movement is one of the most famous social movements of the 20th century. ... An Ezine is a periodic publication distributed by email or posted on a website. ... The Urban75 homepage Urban75 (also sometimes referred to as u75 or urban) is a website and messageboard based in Brixton, England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Critical Mass rides vary greatly in many respects, including frequency and number of participants. For example, many small cities have monthly Critical Mass rides with fewer than twenty riders, while on the opposite extreme, in what have been the largest events using the name Critical Mass, cyclists in Budapest, Hungary hold only two rides each year on 22 September (International Car Free Day) and 22 April (Earth Day). They attract tens of thousands of riders.^[10] The April 22, 2007 Budapest ride participation was generally estimated at 50,000 riders.^{[11] [citation needed]} For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ... Bogotá Car Free Day, 1 February 2007. ... Earth Day Flag. ...

History

San Francisco Critical Mass, April 29, 2005.

The first ride took place on Friday, September 25, 1992 at 6 P.M. in San Francisco. At that time, the event was known as Commute Clot and was composed of a couple of dozen cyclists who had received flyers on Market Street.^[1] Download high resolution version (1024x768, 182 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 182 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... An F Market streetcar turns around at the foot of Market Street, in front of the Ferry Building. ...

Shortly after this, some participants in that ride went to a local bicycle shop for a screening of Ted White's documentary Return of the Scorcher, about bike culture overseas. In that film, American human powered vehicle and pedicab designer George Bliss noted that, in China, both motorists and bicyclists had an understood method of negotiating intersections without signals. Traffic would "bunch up" at these intersections until the back log reached a "critical mass" at which point that mass would move through the intersection. The term caught on and replaced Commute Clot as a name at the time of the second event.^[1] Three human powered vehicles: the Gossamer Albatross II and two bicycles. ... A velotaxi, also known as a pedicab, cycle rickshaw or trishaw (from tricycle rickshaw), is a human-powered vehicle for hire, usually with one or two seats for carrying passengers in addition to the driver. ... George Bliss is a world famous bicycle designer living in New York City. ...

By the time of the fourth ride, the number of cyclists had increased to around 100 and participation continued to grow dramatically, reaching about 1,000 riders, on average.^[1]

The name was soon adopted as a generic label by participants in similar but independent mass rides that were either initiated in various locations around the world at around the same time, or had already existed before 1992 under other names. It is estimated that there are Critical Mass-type rides in more than 325 cities to date. The term "Masser" is sometimes applied to frequent participants. ^{[citation needed]}

Structure

Critical Mass differs from many other social movements in its rhizomal (rather than hierarchical) structure. Critical Mass is sometimes called an "organized coincidence", with no leadership or membership. The routes of some rides are decided spontaneously by whoever is currently at the front of the ride, others are decided prior to the ride by a popular vote of suggested routes often drawn up on photocopied flyers. The term xerocracy was coined to describe a process by which the route for a Critical Mass can be decided: anyone who has an opinion makes their own map and distributes it to the cyclists participating in the Mass. Still other rides decide the route by consensus. The "disorganized" nature of the event allows it to largely escape clampdown by authorities who may view the rides as forms of parades or organized protest. Additionally, the movement is free from the structural costs associated with a centralized, hierarchical organization. In order for the event to function, the only requirement is a sufficient turn-out to create a "critical mass" of riders dense enough to occupy a piece of road to the exclusion of motorized road users.^{[citation needed]} Authorities in New York, California and Oregon have expressed concern with the difficulty of coordinating with the riders, due to the lack of leadership.^{[12][13] [14]} The term rhizome has been used by Carl Jung as a metaphor, and by Gilles Deleuze as a concept, and refers to the botanical rhizome. ... Xerocracy (pronounced zee-ROK-ruh-see, in IPA ) is the idea of rule through photocopying. It is a form of anarchic organization. ...

Detail from the November 20, 1992 flyer by Joel Pomerantz which introduced the concept of corking.

The city of New Haven includes the event in its city-published Green Map. ^[15] Image File history File links Corkingflyer. ... Image File history File links Corkingflyer. ... is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the city in Connecticut. ... Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ...

Corking

Because Critical Mass takes place without an official route or sanction, participants practice a tactic known as "corking" in order to maintain the cohesion of the group. This tactic consists of a few riders blocking traffic from side roads so that the mass can freely proceed through red lights without interruption. Corking allows the mass to engage in a variety of activities, such as circling in an intersection, or lifting their bikes in a tradition known as a Chicago hold-up. The 'Corks' sometimes take advantage of their time corking to distribute flyers. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... “Traffic Signal” redirects here. ... A group of riders holding up their bikes after the Calgary Critical Mass Bike Ride for Earth Day, April 22, 2005 The Chicago Hold-Up, also known as a bike lift or bike salute, refers to the act of lifting and holding a bike above ones head, sometimes balanced...

Critics argue that the practice of corking roads in order to pass through red lights as a group is contrary to Critical Mass' claim that "we are traffic", since ordinary traffic (including bicycle traffic) does not usually have the right to go through intersections once the traffic signal has changed to red, unless issued with a specific permit or residing in jurisdictions where bicyclists have this right (such as the Idaho, USA Bicycle Law ^[16]).^{[citation needed]} Corking has sometimes translated into hostility between motorists and riders, even erupting into violence and arrests during Critical Mass rides.^[17] For other uses, see Road (disambiguation). ... Traffic lights will sometimes differ where there are several lanes of traffic. ... Official language(s) English [1] Capital Boise Largest city Boise Largest metro area Boise metropolitan area Area  Ranked 14th  - Total 83,642 sq mi (216,632 km²)  - Width 305 miles (491 km)  - Length 479 miles (771 km)  - % water 0. ... For other uses, see Violence (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Arrest (disambiguation). ...

Criticism

Critical Mass has been the subject of criticism from authorities and motorists in the various cities in which it takes place.

Conflicts with motorists and riders of public transit

Critics have claimed that Critical Mass is a deliberate attempt to obstruct automotive traffic and cause a disruption of normal city functions, asserting that individuals taking part in Critical Mass refuse to obey the vehicular traffic laws that apply to cyclists the same as they do to drivers of other vehicles.^[18] This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... As commonly used, individual refers to a person or to any specific object in a collection. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ...

In the San Francisco Bay Area, there have been several incidents of violence during Critical Mass events.^[19]

On the evening of March 30, 2007 in San Francisco, toward the end of Critical Mass, Susan Ferrando of Redwood City, California claimed to have found herself in the middle of a group of bicyclists and tried to drive through them resulting in hundreds of bicyclists surrounding her minivan while her 11 and 13 year old daughters watched from inside. Ferrando denies striking a cyclist but claims they banged on the sides of her car, "keyed" the paint, and threw a bicycle through the rear window of the vehicle, causing $5,300 in damage.^[20] is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

On May 11, 2007, a similar incident occurred in Berkeley, California. According to a Bicycle Civil Liberties Union press release, a "motorist with his wife deliberately ran into the side of the monthly Berkeley Critical Mass bicycle demonstration"^[21] and caused approximately $3,000 worth of damage to bicycles.^[22] However, the driver and two third-party witnesses told police that the bikers threw their bicycles under the vehicle. Subsequently, Critical Mass participants pounded on the hood and windows of the car and the windshield of the vehicle was shattered.^[23] is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

On July 27, 2007, while the Chicago ride was heading to the Spindle in Berwyn, Illinois, an allegedly drunk driver plowed into the mass while attempting to flee the scene of a previous accident. Ten year old Will Healy, who was riding with his mother and sister, was directly hit by the car. Healy flew up onto the hood of the car, but was not severely injured. Several other bicyclists were injured or had their bicycles damaged while attempting to move out of the way of the car. The driver, Robert Rogers, 34, of Maywood, IL was quickly apprehended by police who were riding with and monitoring the group.^{[24] [25]} is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ... The word spindle might (or might not) have several meanings: A spindle (shrub), a poisonous shrub or small tree of the genus Euonymus. ... Incorporated City in 1902. ... Maywood is a village located in Cook County, Illinois. ...

San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom, in April 2007, requested that Critical Mass riders "police themselves." "It does the bicycle-advocacy community no good to have people that are aggressive and dispirit the entire movement,” Newsom said. “I would encourage the bicycle coalition to say, ‘Look, we don’t put up with this, enough is enough.’”^[26] Gavin Christopher Newsom (born October 10, 1967) is the 42nd Mayor of San Francisco, California. ...

Conflicts with authorities

Metropolitan Police officers with their cycles awaiting the start of Critical Mass London, April 2006.

In 1997, the Mayor of San Francisco, Willie Brown, was asked by a journalist at a press conference how he planned to control Critical Mass. The Mayor was quoted in the press as threatening the riders with arrest, along with various belittlings of bicyclists. The reaction and extensive press coverage grew into a confrontation at the July 25, 1997 ride. The local newspapers had published a route, although many riders were hesitant about—or flatly against—cooperation with it. On Friday the Mayor addressed the crowd at the Embarcadero meeting place but was shouted down. The crowd of approximately 7,000 bicyclists quickly split into many parts, each being chased or monitored by police units, including helicopters. This resulted in extensive turmoil throughout the downtown area and many arrests and bicycle confiscations. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 845 KB) Summary Photograph taken by myself of Metropolitan Police officers with their cycles awaiting the start of Critical Mass London, April 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 845 KB) Summary Photograph taken by myself of Metropolitan Police officers with their cycles awaiting the start of Critical Mass London, April 2006. ... Metropolitan Police redirects here. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Willie Lewis Brown, Jr. ... A joint press conference by U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the White House. ... News media satellite up-link trucks and photojournalists gathered outside the Prudential Financial headquarters in Newark, New Jersey in August, 2004 following the announcement of evidence of a terrorist threat to it and to buildings in New York City. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... The Embarcaderos Ferry Building The Embarcadero is the name given the eastern waterfront roadway of the Port of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, along San Francisco Bay. ... For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ... Confiscation, from the Latin confiscato join to the fiscus, i. ...

Bennett Hall, a professional photographer, claimed to have witnessed a San Francisco police officer writing a citation for a bicyclist who had committed no offense. While photographing the event, Hall further alleges that the police then improperly arrested him and seized his camera. Another pedestrian attempted to take the camera to bring it to the San Francisco Chronicle, but he was also arrested.^[27] Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ...

After the US 2004 Republican National Convention coincided with the August 2004 New York City Critical Mass, many court cases resulted regarding the legality of the ride, confronting issues of whether police have the right to arrest cyclists and seize their bicycles, and whether the event needs a permit. In December of 2004, a federal judge threw out New York City's injunction against Critical Mass as a "political event."^[28] On March 23, 2005, the city filed a lawsuit, seeking to prevent TIME'S UP!, a local nonprofit, direct action, environmental group, from promoting or advertising Critical Mass rides. The lawsuit also stated TIME'S UP! and the general public could not participate in riding or gathering at the Critical Mass bike ride, claiming a permit was required. A documentary film, Still We Ride shows the nature of these bike rides before and after the police took notice.^[29][30][31] 2004 Republican National Convention Logo President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney accepted their partys nomination to run for second terms. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Two ships of the United States Navy have borne the name USS Permit, named in honor of the permit, a food fish, often called round pompano, found in waters from North Carolina to Brazil. ... Look up Injunction in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ... A non-profit organization (often called non-profit org or simply non-profit or not-for-profit) can be seen as an organization that doesnt have a goal to make a profit. ... Direct action is a form of political activism which seeks immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect actions such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. ... Environmentalism is the support or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ... Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt, in one fashion or another, to document reality. ...

In September 2005, Critical Mass in London found itself in conflict with the law when the Metropolitan Police gave out notices announcing a requirement that the organisers of the mass provide a route six days before the event. In addition, they stated that the Mass may be restricted in the future, and arrests would result if their orders were not followed. The threat was quickly moderated when politicians and cyclist groups voiced objections. The following ride, that of October 2005, was tremendously well attended, with estimates approaching the figure of 1200 participants. There was a long stop in Parliament Square, part of the Government's exclusion area in the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005. However, this event also led to a particularly slow and cumbersome ride which brought some debate^{[citation needed]} from London cycling groups.^{[attribution needed]} For other uses, see Parliament Square (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (SOCPA) (2005 c. ...

Another consequence of the police notice was that a participant sought a declaration from the High Court of England and Wales that there was no requirement to notify police about the Critical Mass rides. After what the judgment describes as a "friendly action" in which the claimant and the police agreed not to seek damages, the Court ruling^[32] on June 27, 2006 agreed with the claimant that the Critical Mass rides were exempt from notification under Section 11 of the Public Order Act 1986. Her Majestys High Court of Justice (known more simply as the High Court) is, together with the Crown Court and the Court of Appeal, part of the Supreme Court of Judicature in England and Wales: see Courts of England and Wales. ... The plaintiff, claimant, or complainant is the party initiating a lawsuit, (also known as an action). ... In law, damages refers to the money paid or awarded to a claimant (as it is known in the UK) or plaintiff (in the US) following their successful claim in a civil action. ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Public Order Act 1986 creates offences commonly used by United Kingdom police to deal with public disorder and violence: Section 1: Riot Section 2: Violent Disorder Section 3: Affray Section 4: Fear or Provocation of Violence Section 4a: Intentional Harassment, Alarm or Distress Section 5: Harassment, Alarm or Distress...

On March 14, 2007 the issue was taken to the Court of Appeal by the Metropolitan Police. On May 21, 2007 the court ruled in their favour^[33] by a majority of 2 to 1.^[34] Friends of the Earth, who are helping Critical Mass with the legal action, have now indicated that the case will be going to England's highest legal authority, the House of Lords. is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article is about the British House of Lords. ...

Police in Oregon and New York have cited concerns that Critical Mass may delay emergency vehicles, such as ambulances, due to the traffic disruption.^[12][13] An expert retained by bicyclists suing New York City gave the opinion that such claims are without merit.^[35]

On July 27, 2007 in Vilnius, Lithuania, police took five critical mass participants into custody, including two minors, for not following orders to disband. At least two of them later reported to have been beaten and injured by police officers. A court case is set to take place in August. ^[36] is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

On August 31, 2007 in Minneapolis, police arrested nineteen critical mass participants, including three minors. The adults were reported to have been arrested on suspicion of rioting, a gross misdemeanor. ^{[37] [38]} is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Also on August 31, 2007, seven riders in the Chicago Critical Mass were arrested on charges of obstructing traffic and disobeying police. The seven were held overnight. ^[39] is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Reaction of other cyclists

Some bicycling advocacy groups have expressed concern that the controversial nature of Critical Mass and altercations with motorists could weaken public support for bicyclists.^[13] Though it does not condone incidents of violence and rudeness, the San Francisco Bicycle Coalition credits Critical Mass with spotlighting bicycle issues and aiding their efforts in advocating for cyclists.^[1] The San Francisco Bicycle Coalition (SFBC) is a nonprofit advocacy group working to improve conditions for bicyclists in San Francisco, California. ...

Critical Manners

In San Francisco, a splinter event known as "Critical Manners," was created as a response to Critical Mass. Critical Manners rides through the city on the second Friday of the month, but in contrast with Critical Mass, the riders obey all traffic laws, such as stopping at red lights and signaling.^[40][41]

There are also conversations about starting Critical Manners in Portland, Oregon.^[42] Nickname: Location of Portland in Multnomah County and the state of Oregon Coordinates: , Country State Counties Multnomah County Incorporated February 8, 1851 Government  - Mayor Tom Potter[1]  - Commissioners Sam Adams Randy Leonard Dan Saltzman Erik Sten  - Auditor Gary Blackmer Area  - Total 376. ...

General Impact

Although there is no consensus as to the overall effect of the ride on street conditions for cyclists or on public perceptions of bicycling, a few examples show the extent to which the ride has permeated various subcultures: This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A city-centre street in Frankfurt, Germany A residential street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A street is a public thoroughfare in the built environment. ... Public is of or pertaining to the people; belonging to the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; opposed to private; as, the public treasury, a road or lake. ... In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a set of people with a set of behaviors and beliefs, culture, which could be distinct or hidden, that differentiate them from the larger culture to which they belong. ...

The name of the event has been subjected to word play in many contexts, ranging from advertising campaigns for commercial products to numerous other public events,^[43] some with only remote similarities to Critical Mass.^{[citation needed]} The extensive news coverage of San Francisco's July 1997 ride spawned an international celebration of bicycling, called Bike Summer.^[44] The Rand Corporation produced a white paper entitled "What Next for Networks and Netwars?" analyzing the tactics of the ride, as part of an evaluation of decentralized decision-making for potential military battlefield use.^[45] The ride has generated books,^[46] documentary films,^[47] murals,^[48] and other secondary artifacts. This article is about Word play. ... An advertising campaign is a series of advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC). ... In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Alternate meanings: See RAND (disambiguation) The RAND Corporation is an American think tank first formed to offer research and analysis to the U.S. military. ... A white paper is an authoritative report. ... Decision making is the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among variations. ...

Gallery

Critical Mass gathering in Chicago. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 506 KB) Summary Critical Mass riders meet in Chicagos Daley Plaza. ... Nickname: Motto: Urbs in Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location in the Chicago metro area and Illinois Coordinates: , Country State Counties Cook, DuPage Settled 1770s Incorporated March 4, 1837 Government  - Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Area  - City  234. ...	London Critical Mass, April 28, 2006 - 12th Anniversary. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 769 KB) Summary A photo taken by myself of the Critical Mass London cycle event on its 12th anniversary ride, April 2006. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...	Rome Critical Mass, 29th July, 2005. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (806x555, 69 KB) Summary Description: Critical Mass, Rome, 29th July, 2005 Source: Photograph taken by Michael Parenteau on 29th July, 2005 Template:PD-user-en File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...	Cyclists in Critical Mass ride through Times Square in New York City on July 30, 2004. Image File history File links Same as Image:Cm-timessquare. ... For other uses, see Times Square (disambiguation). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...
Critcal Mass at Heroes' Square, Budapest, April 22, 2006. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 532 pixelsFull resolution (1500 × 997 pixel, file size: 486 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Final bike-raising at the April 22, 2006 Critical Mass rally in Budapest, Hungary File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as... The Term Heroes Square may refer to the following places: Heldenplatz, Vienna Heroes Square, Budapest Heroes Square, Miskolc Category: ... For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ...

References

Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Urban75 homepage Urban75 (also sometimes referred to as u75 or urban) is a website and messageboard based in Brixton, England. ... The daily Seattle Post-Intelligencer is the second leading newspaper in Seattle, Washington, United States. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Chicago Sun-Times The Chicago Sun-Times is an American newspaper publishing out of Chicago, Illinois. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Todays San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• Clothing-optional bike rides including Critical Ass and World Naked Bike Ride
• Reclaim the Streets
• Time's Up!

The 2005 Solstice Cyclists in Seattle June 18, 2005. ... Critical Ass is a variant of the Critical Mass anarchist bike ride, where participating bicyclists ride in their underwear or in the nude. ... The York Naked Bike Ride passing in front of York Minster in June 2006 World Naked Bike Ride (WNBR) is an international event in which participants plan, meet and ride together en masse on human-powered transport (the vast majority on bicycles, and fewer on skateboards, roller blades, roller skates... Reclaim the Streets (RTS) is a collective with a shared ideal of community ownership of public spaces. ... An editor has expressed a concern that the subject of the article does not satisfy the notability guideline or one of the following guidelines for inclusion on Wikipedia: Biographies, Books, Companies, Fiction, Music, Neologisms, Numbers, Web content, or several proposals for new guidelines. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Critical Mass

• Critical Mass.wikia.com: A wiki information site, hosted by Wikia
• Critical-Mass.info: A directory of Critical Mass rides worldwide (regularly updated)
• Critical-Mass.org: A listing of Critical Mass rides worldwide
• Glossary: Definitions of Critical Mass terminology (from San Francisco)
• Critical Mass History
• You Never Bike Alone Feature documentary looking at cycling and Critical Mass in Vancouver, Canada.
• What is Critical Mass? Durham, NC cyclists give several answers to a simple question.