A croissant.

A croissant (IPA: [kʁwa'sɑ̃] listen (help· info), anglicised variously as IPA: /krə'sant/, /kwa'son/, etc.) is a buttery flaky pastry, named for its distinctive crescent shape. Croissant ) is a Japanese magazine for middle-aged women, published by Magazine House (マガジンハウス, Magajin hausu). ... This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Image File history File links Fr-croissant. ... Image File history File links Fr-croissant. ... This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language. ... Butter is commonly sold in sticks (pictured) or blocks, and frequently served with the use of a butter knife. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Crescent-shaped breads have been made since the Middle Ages.^{[citation needed]}

Croissants are made of a leavened variant of puff pastry by layering yeast dough with butter and rolling and folding a few times in succession, then rolling. Making croissants by hand requires skill and patience; a batch of croissants can take several days to complete. However, the development of factory-made, frozen, pre-formed but unbaked dough has made them into a fast food which can be freshly baked by unskilled labor. Indeed, the croissanterie was explicitly a French response to American-style fast food. This innovation, along with the croissant's versatility and distinctive shape, has made it the best-known type of French pastry in much of the world. In many parts of the United States, for example, the croissant (introduced at the fast food chains Arby's in the United States and Tim Hortons in Canada in 1983) has come to rival the long-time favorite doughnuts^{[citation needed]}. Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on Puff pastry Apple turnover, made with puff pastry In baking, a puff pastry (French: pâte feuilletée; Spanish: hojaldre) is a light, flaky pastry made from dough of the same name. ... Typical divisions Ascomycota (sac fungi) Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi, with approximately 1,500 species described. ... Dough Dough is a paste made out of any cereals (grains) or leguminous crops by grinding with small amount of water. ... Frozen food is food preserved by the process of freezing. ... Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ... Arbys is a fast food restaurant franchise in the United States and Canada that is primarily known for selling roast beef sandwiches, chicken sandwiches, potato cakes, curly fries, Jamocha milkshakes and chicken strips. ... Tim Hortons is a coffee-and-doughnut fast food restaurant chain largely based in Canada. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Doughnut (disambiguation). ...

Origin

A croissant rising from unbaked dough

Stories of how the bread was created are modern culinary legends. It is supposed that the shape represents the Islamic crescent as found on the Turkish flag. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2576 × 1932 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2576 × 1932 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other uses, see Legend (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Flag ratio: 2:3 The Flag of Turkey is called Ay Yıldız in Turkish. ...

While some claim that it was invented in Poland to celebrate the defeat of a Muslim invasion at the decisive Battle of Tours by the Franks in 732, it is more likely that it, like the bagel, was invented in 1683 to celebrate the victory of Jan III Sobieski and his Polish army over the Turkish forces in the Battle of Vienna. According to this theory bakers working at night heard the undermining tunneling operation of the Turks and gave the alarm: this version is supported by the fact that in French croissants are referred to as Viennoiserie. Other theories include tales linking croissants with the kifli and the siege of Buda in 1686, and those detailing Marie Antoinette's hankering after a Viennese specialty. According to Alan Davidson, editor of the Oxford Companion to Food, no printed recipe for the present-day croissant appears in any French recipe book before the early 20th century; the earliest French reference to a croissant he found was among the "fantasy or luxury breads" in Payen's Des substances alimentaires, 1853. There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Combatants Carolingian Franks Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Charles Martel ‘Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi† Strength Unknown, possibly 20,000 to 30,000 [1] Unknown, but the earliest Muslim sources, still after the era of the battle[2] mention a figure of 80,000. ... This article is about the Frankish people and society. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men, defeat a large army of Moors, stopping the Muslims from spreading into Western Europe. ... For other uses, see Bagel (disambiguation). ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Jan III Sobieski (1629-1696) (also known in English literature as John Sobieski) was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death. ... // For siege of Vienna in 1529 see Siege of Vienna Combatants Holy League: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austria, Saxony, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria Ottoman Empire, Khanate of Crimea, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders John III Sobieski, Charles V of Lorraine Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000, (10,000 during siege) 138,000, (200... Undermining (also known as Removal of the Guard) is a chess tactic in which a defensive piece is captured, leaving one of the opponents pieces undefended or underdefended. ... Kifli Vanilla kifli Kifli (pronounced KEE-flee) is a traditional Hungarian pastry made by cutting sheets of soft flour dough into triangular wedges, and wrapping those wedges to create a crescent-shaped morsel, which is then baked (permitting the dough to puff). ... Buda (German: Ofen, Croatian: Budim, Slovak: Budín, Serbian: Будим or Budim, Turkish: Budin) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... 1686 (MDCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ... Alan Eaton Davidson (March 30, 1924 - December 2, 2003) was a British diplomat and historian best known for his books on food and gastronomy. ... Editing may also refer to audio editing or film editing. ... The Oxford Companion to Food is an encyclopedia about food. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

MADE IN FRANCE

Variants

Croissant pastry can also be wrapped around almond paste or chocolate before it is baked (in the latter case, it becomes like pain au chocolat, which has a different, non-crescent, shape), or sliced to admit sweet or savoury fillings. In France, croissants are generally sold without filling and eaten without added butter, but sometimes with almond filling. In the United States, sweet fillings or toppings are common, and warm croissants may be filled with ham and cheese or feta cheese and spinach. In the Levant, croissants are sold plain or filled with chocolate, cheese, almonds, or zaatar. Almond meal and almond paste are made from ground sweet almonds, after the extraction of almond oil. ... For other uses, see Chocolate (disambiguation). ... Pain au chocolat Pain au chocolat ( ), also called a chocolatine in Occitan France and in Quebec, is a French pastry, consisting of a cuboid-shaped piece of puff pastry containing only two strips of chocolate. ... Look up Sweet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Savoury () denotes a broad band of flavour which is characteristically salty or spicy. ... Binomial name (Mill. ... Ham with cloves Technically, ham is the thigh and rump of any animal that is slaughtered for meat, but the term is usually restricted to a cut of pork, the haunch of a pig or boar. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... Feta (Greek φέτα, feminine gender) is a classic curd cheese in brine whose tradition dates back to Greece thousands of years ago. ... Binomial name Spinacia oleracea L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... The Levant The Levant (IPA: /lÉ™vænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern Arabian Desert and Upper Mesopotamia to the east. ... For other uses, see Chocolate (disambiguation). ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... Binomial name (Mill. ... Zaatar (sometimes spelled Zaatar, Zatar or Zahatar) is a popular mixture of spices that originated in the Middle East. ...

 MADE IN FRANCE, CROSSIANTS ARE VERY POPULAR OF CORSE AND VERY GOOD FOR BREAKFAST OR A LIGHT SNACKETTE. 

References

• Alan Davidson, The Oxford Companion to Food

Alan Eaton Davidson (March 30, 1924 - December 2, 2003) was a British diplomat and historian best known for his books on food and gastronomy. ... The Oxford Companion to Food is an encyclopedia about food. ...

See also

• Baguette
• Brioche

A baguette (French for little stick) is a variety of bread distinguishable by its much greater length than width, and noted for its very crispy crust. ... Brioche Brioche des Rois (served around Epiphany, esp. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Croissant

Look up croissant in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Food Timeline: croissants
• The Battle of Tours and Breakfast
• Pastry 101: croissants