Darius Milhaud (IPA: [darjys mijo]) (September 4, 1892 – June 22, 1974) was a French composer and teacher. He was a member of Les Six -also known as the Groupe des Six - and one of the most prolific composers of the 20th century. His compositions are particularly noted as being influenced by jazz and for their use of polytonality (music in more than one key at once). is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Le Groupe des Six, 1922, by Jacques-Emile Blanche. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... The musical use of more than one key simultaneously is polytonality. ... For other uses, see key. ...

Biography

Born to a Jewish family in Aix-en-Provence, Milhaud studied in Paris at the Paris Conservatory where he met his fellow group members Arthur Honegger and Germaine Tailleferre. He studied composition under Charles Widor and harmony and counterpoint with André Gédalge. In addition he studied privately with Vincent d'Indy. As a young man he worked for a while in the diplomatic entourage of Paul Claudel, the eminent poet and dramatist, who was serving as ambassador to Brazil. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Aix (prounounced eks), or, to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, Aix-en-Provence is a city in southern France, some 30 km north of Marseille. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Conservatoire de Paris, or Paris Conservatoire, has been central to the evolution of music in France and Western Europe. ... Arthur Honegger in 1921. ... Germaine Tailleferre (April 19, 1892 - November 7, 1983) was a French composer and the only female member of the famous Group Les Six. ... Musical composition is a phrase used in a number of contexts, the most commonly used being a piece of music. ... Charles-Marie Jean Albert Widor (February 21, 1844 – March 12, 1937) was a French organist, composer and teacher. ... Harmony is the use and study of pitch simultaneity, and therefore chords, actual or implied, in music. ... For other uses, see Counterpoint (disambiguation). ... André Gedalge (December 27, 1856 - February 5, 1926), was an inflential French composer and teacher. ... Photograph of Vincent dIndy Paul Marie Théodore Vincent dIndy (March 27, 1851 – December 2, 1931) was a French composer and teacher. ... Cover of Time Magazine(March 21, 1927) Paul Claudel (August 6, 1868 – February 23, 1955) was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. ... Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene, by Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1881). ... A dramatist is an author of dramatic compositions, usually plays. ... For other uses, see Ambassador (disambiguation). ...

On a trip to the United States in 1922, Darius Milhaud heard "authentic" jazz for the first time, on the streets of Harlem, ^[1] which left a great impact on his musical outlook. Using some jazz movements, the following year, he finished composing "La création du monde" ("The Creation of the World"), which was cast as a ballet in six continuous dance scenes.^[1] Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Harlem (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be wikified. ... For other uses, see Ballet (disambiguation). ...

He left France in 1939 and emigrated to America in 1940 (his Jewish background made it impossible for him to return to his native country until after the Liberation); he secured a teaching post at Mills College in Oakland, California. Legendary jazz pianist Dave Brubeck arguably became Milhaud's most famous student when Brubeck furthered his music studies at Mills College in the late 1940's (he named his eldest son Darius). Year 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The military history of France during World War II covers the period from 1939 until 1940, which witnessed French military participation under the Third Republic, and the period from 1940 until 1945, which was marked by colonial struggles between Vichy France and the Free French Forces under Charles de Gaulle... Founded in 1852 and established in Oakland, California, in 1871, Mills College is an independent liberal arts womans college, with graduate programs for women and men. ... Oakland redirects here. ... David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ...

Milhaud (like his contemporaries Paul Hindemith, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Bohuslav Martinů and Heitor Villa-Lobos) was an extremely rapid creator, for whom the art of writing music seemed almost as natural as breathing. His most popular works include Le Boeuf sur le Toit (ballet), La création du monde (a ballet for small orchestra with solo saxophone, influenced by jazz), Scaramouche (for Saxophone and Orchestra, also for two pianos), and Saudades do Brazil (dance suite). His autobiography is titled Notes Sans Musique (Notes Without Music), later revised as Ma Vie Heureuse (My Happy Life). Paul Hindemith aged 28. ... Gian Francesco Malipiero (March 18, 1882 - August 1, 1973) Italian composer, musicologist and music editor. ... Portrait of Martinů Bohuslav Martinů ( ; December 8, 1890—August 28, 1959) was a Czech composer. ... Heitor Villa-Lobos (March 5, 1887 - November 17, 1959) was a Brazilian composer, possibly the best-known classical composer born in South America. ... Le Boeuf sur le Toit (The Ox on the Roof - subtitle: The Nothing-Doing Bar), 1920 is a surrealist ballet. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... For other uses, see Orchestra (disambiguation). ... The saxophone (colloquially referred to as sax) is a conical-bored musical instrument usually considered a member of the woodwind family. ... A short grand piano, with the lid up. ...

From 1947 to 1971 he taught alternate years at Mills and the Paris Conservatoire, until poor health, which caused him to use a wheelchair during his later years (beginning sometime before 1947), compelled him to retire. He died in Geneva, aged 81. Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar, known as the year of cyclohexanol. ... Conservatoire de Paris, or Paris Conservatoire, has been central to the evolution of music in France and Western Europe. ... For other uses, see Geneva (disambiguation). ...

Works

Note that the following list represents only a tiny proportion of Milhaud's output; his opus list ended at 443.

Operas

• La brebis égarée op. 4 (1910-14)
• Esther de Carpentras op. 89 (1910-14, premiere 1925)
• Agamemnon op. 14, 'incidental music' for singers (Orestiean Trilogy No. 1) (1913-14)
• Les Choëphores op.24 , 'incidental music' for singers (Orestiean Trilogy No. 2) (1915)
• Les euménides op. 41, 'opera' (Orestiean Trilogy No. 3) (1917-23)
• Les Malheurs d'Orphée opus 85 (1924, premiere 1926)
• Le Pauvre Matelot op. 92 (Jean Cocteau) (1926)
• L'enlèvement d'Europe op. 94 (Opéra-minutes No. 1) (1927)
• L'abandon d'Ariane op. 98 (Opèra-Minutes No. 2) (1927)
• Le Délivrance de Thésée op. 94 (Opèra-Minutes No. 3) (1927)
• Christophe Colomb op. 102 (Paul Claudel) (1928, revised 1968)
• Maximilien op. 110 (Hoffman after Franz Werfel) (1930)
• Opéra du Gueux op.131, ballad opera after John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (1939)
• Médée op. 191, text by Madeleine Milhaud (his wife and cousin) (1938)
• Bolivar op. 236 (Jules Supervielle)(1943)
• David op. 320 (1952-3, 1954 (concert in Jerusalem) 1955 (staged at La Scala))
• Fiesta op. 370 (Boris Vian)(1958)
• La Mère coupable op. 412, after Beaumarchais' play (1964)
• Saint-Louis, roi de France opera-oratorio op. 434 (Claudel) (1970)

Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, boxing manager and filmmaker. ... The Abandonment of Ariane (LAbandon dAriane) is an opera in one act by Darius Milhaud to a French libretto by Henri Hoppenot, based on Greek mythology. ... Cover of Time Magazine(March 21, 1927) Paul Claudel (August 6, 1868 – February 23, 1955) was a French poet, dramatist and diplomat, and the younger brother of the sculptor Camille Claudel. ... Franz Werfel, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1940 Werfels grave in the Zentralfriedhof, Vienna Franz Werfel (September 10, 1890 – August 26, 1945) was an Austrian-Bohemian novelist, playwright, and poet who wrote in German. ... John Gay John Gay (30 June 1685 - 4 December 1732) was an English poet and dramatist. ... Painting based on The Beggars Opera, Scene V, William Hogarth, c. ... Madeleine Milhaud (born March 22, 1902) is the widow and cousin of Darius Milhaud, a 20th-century French-Jewish composer. ... Jules Supervielle (January 16, 1884 - May 17, 1960) was a French poet and writer. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, by night. ... Boris Vian (March 10, 1920 – June 23, 1959) was a French writer, poet, singer, and musician, who also wrote under the pseudonym Vernon Sullivan. ... The Guilty Mother (La Mère coupable) subtitled The Other Tartuffe is the third play of the Figaro Trilogy by Pierre-Augustin Beaumarchais. ... Beaumarchais Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (January 24, 1732 - May 18, 1799) was, among other accomplishments, a writer and librettist. ... −The Guilty Mother (La Mère coupable) subtitled The Other Tartuffe is the third play of the Figaro Trilogy by Pierre-Augustin Beaumarchais. ...

Ballets

• L'Homme et son désir, Op. 48, for four wordless singers, solo wind, percussion, and strings
• Le Boeuf sur le Toit, Op. 58 (1919)
• La création du monde, Op. 81, for small orchestra (1923)
• Polka (1927; for the children's ballet L'Éventail de Jeanne, to which ten French composers each contributed a dance)

Le Boeuf sur le Toit (The Ox on the Roof - subtitle: The Nothing-Doing Bar), 1920 is a surrealist ballet. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

Harmonica

• Suite for Harmonica and Orchestra

Orchestral

• Symphonies
  • Six little Symphonies
  • Symphony No. 1
  • Symphony No. 2
  • Symphony No. 3
  • Symphony No. 4
  • Symphony No. 5
  • Symphony No. 6
  • Symphony No. 7
  • Symphony No. 8
  • Symphony No. 9
  • Symphony No. 10
  • Symphony No. 11
  • Symphony No. 12
• "Protee" Suite symphonique Nr.2, Op.57 (1919)
• Serenade en trois parties, Op.62 (1920/1921)
• Saudades do Brazil, Op. 67 (1920/21), initially for piano, arr. for orchestra)
• Suite provençale, Op. 152b, for orchestra (1937)

Solo Guitar

• • Segoviana

Solo Violin

• • Le Printemps, for solo violin and small orchestra

Solo Viola

• • Première Sonate, for solo viola and piano

Concertante

• Piano
  • Cinq Études pour piano et orchestre, Op. 63 (1920)
  • 5 Concertos for piano and orchestra (1933-1955)
  • Le Carnaval d'Aix, Op. 83b, fantasy for piano and orchestra (1926)
• other
  • 3 Concertos for violin and orchestra
  • 2 Concertos for viola and orchestra
  • 2 Concertos for cello and orchestra
• Scaramouche, for alto saxophone and orchestra (1937), for clarinet and orchestra (1939)
  • I. Vif
  • II. Modéré
  • III. Brazileira
• Concerto pour batterie et petit orchestre, Op. 109, concerto for percussion and small orchestra
• Concerto pour Marimba, Vibraphone et orchestre"
• Concertino d'hiver, Op. 327, for trombone and string orchestra (1953)
• Duo Concertant pour Clarinette et Piano (1956)
• Concerto pour Clarinette et orchestre

Winds

• Suite française, Op. 248 (1944)
  • 1. Normandie
  • 2. Bretagne
  • 3. Île de France
  • 4. Alsace-Lorraine
  • 5. Provence
• West Point Suite, Op. 313 (1954)
• Deux Marches, Op. 260 (1946)
• Introduction et Marche funèbre
• La Cheminée du Roi René (Woodwind Quintet)

Piano

• Printemps, (1915-1920)
• Le bœuf sur le toit, for two pianos (1919)
• "Saudades do Brazil", (1920)
• Scaramouche, for two pianos (1941), arrangement of the original theatre music for saxophone and orchestra)
• La muse menagere
• 2 Sonates
• Sonatine
• "Les Songes" (for piano duo)

Chamber

• String quartets (The 14th and 15th string quartets can be performed separately as well as simultaneously as a string octet. For a curious 19th-century example of a composer writing works for simultaneous performance, see Pietro Raimondi.)
  • String Quartet No. 1
  • String Quartet No. 2
  • String Quartet No. 3
  • String Quartet No. 4
  • String Quartet No. 5
  • String Quartet No. 6
  • String Quartet No. 7
  • String Quartet No. 8
  • String Quartet No. 9
  • String Quartet No. 10
  • String Quartet No. 11
  • String Quartet No. 12
  • String Quartet No. 13
  • String Quartet No. 14
  • String Quartet No. 15
  • String Quartet No. 16
  • String Quartet No. 17
  • String Quartet No. 18
  • 3 études sur des thèmes du Comtat Venaissin (1973)
  • Homage a Igor Stravinsky
  • Sonata for Piano and 2 Violins
  • Trio for Piano, Violin and Clarinet

Pietro Raimondi (December 20, 1786 – October 30, 1853) was an Italian composer, transitional between the Classical and Romantic eras. ...

Solo Vocal

• Machines agricoles, Op. 56, for one singer and 7 instruments, with texts taken out of a catalogue for agricultural machines (1919)
• Cataloque des fleurs, Op.60, for one voice and 7 instruments (1920)

Choral

• Chateau du feu, Op.337, Cantate, In memory of his Jewish natives who are killed during the war by the Nazis.
• Psaume 121, for men's choir, written for the Harvard Glee Club after their 1921 tour of Europe.

Harvard Glee Club logo The Harvard Glee Club is a 60-voice, all-male choral ensemble at Harvard University. ...

Notable students

• Larry Austin
• Burt Bacharach
• Louis W. Ballard
• Irwin Bazelon
• William Bolcom
• Dave Brubeck
• Roger Calmel
• Charles Dodge
• Pierre Max Dubois
• Philip Glass (During a summer camp where he challenged Aaron Copland's opinion)
• Stanley Hollingsworth
• Eugene Kurtz
• Vincent McDermott
• Steve Reich
• Neil Rolnick
• Benjamín Gutiérrez Sáenz[1]
• Bill Smith
• Karlheinz Stockhausen (though he left his studies early)
• Morton Subotnick
• Gloria Wilson Swisher
• Robert Washburn
• Iannis Xenakis
• Ben Johnston

Larry Austin (born 12 September 1930 in Duncan, Oklahoma) is a United States composer and the founding editor of the highly influential avant-garde music periodical Source: Exploring new concepts, new materials and their interaction is essential to my work as a composer. ... Burt Bacharach (IPA: ; born May 12, 1928) is an award-winning American pianist and composer. ... Louis W. Ballard (b. ... Irwin Bazelon (b. ... William Elden Bolcom (born May 26, 1938) is an American composer of chamber, operatic, and symphonic music. ... David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ... Charles Dodge (b. ... Pierre Max Dubois(1930 - 1995) is French composer of classical music. ... Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is a three-times Academy Award-nominated American composer. ... Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. ... This article or section needs to be wikified. ... (Joseph) Vincent McDermott (b. ... Stephen Michael Reich (born October 3, 1936) is an American composer. ... Neil B. Rolnick (b. ... William O. Smith (b. ... Karlheinz Stockhausen (born August 22, 1928) is a German composer, and one of the most important and controversial composers of the 20th century (Barret 1988, 45; Harvey 1975b, 705; Hopkins 1972, 33; Klein 1968, 117; Power 1990, 30). ... Morton Subotnick (born April 13, 1933) is an American composer of electronic music, best known for his Silver Apples of the Moon, the first electronic work commissioned by a record company, Nonesuch, and composed on the Buchla modular synthesizer which he helped to design. ... Gloria Wilson Swisher was born in Seattle, Washington in 1935. ... Robert Washburn (born 1928) is a composer and educator. ... Iannis Xenakis in 1975. ... Ben Johnston Benjamin Burwell Johnston, Junior (born March 15, 1926 in Macon, Georgia) is a composer of contemporary music in the just intonation system. ...

Media

Notes

This article needs to be wikified. ... Pomona College is a private residential liberal arts college located 33 miles (53 km) east of downtown Los Angeles in Claremont, California. ...

Archival collections

• There is a Darius Milhaud Collection at Mills College in California.
• There is another Darius Milhaud Collection at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts in New York City.
• The Western Jewish History Center, of the Judah L. Magnes Museum, in Berkeley, California has librettos for Milhaud's opera, David, as well as a program for its American premiere, in Los Angeles, at the Hollywood Bowl, and photocopies of newspaper coverage in the B'nai B'rith Messenger of Los Angeles, of this event (1956) [WJHC Collection Number 1970.002].

Founded in 1852 and established in Oakland, California, in 1871, Mills College is an independent liberal arts womans college, with graduate programs for women and men. ... Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. ...

External links

• A partial worklist (omitting songs)
• works published by Universal Edition
• Biography and audio from Service Sacrée at Milken Archive of American Jewish Music
• Darius Milhaud 1892–1974 by Ronald Crichton. Musical Times, August 1974.
• Darius Milhaud was listed in the International Music Score Library Project
• The Boeuf Chronicles – How the ox got on the roof: Darius Milhaud and the Brazilian sources of "Le Boeuf sur le Toit" by Daniella Thompson.
• Darius Milhaud's maximum card from Israel