NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Darmstadt

Coordinates: 49°52′″N 8°39′″E / Expression error: Unexpected / operator, Expression error: Unexpected / operator Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland (federal state) of Hesse in Germany. It is located in the southern part of the Rhine Main Metropolitan Area. It is also one the few cities (as opposed to smaller towns) in Germany which do not lie close to a river or coast.^{[citation needed]} Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Germany is a Federal Republic made up of 16 States, known in German as LÃ¤nder (singular Land). ... Location Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) Administration Country NUTS Region DE7 Capital Wiesbaden Largest city Frankfurt Minister-President Roland Koch (CDU) Governing party CDU Votes in Bundesrat 5 (from 69) Basic statistics Area 21,100 kmÂ² (8,147 sq mi) Population 6,077,000 (08/2006)[1] - Density... Skyscrapers in Downtown Frankfurt The Frankfurt Rhine Main Area, often referred to as Rhine Main Area (German: Rhein-Main Gebiet) or Greater Frankfurt is a Metropolitan Area located in central western Germany, that encompasses parts of three federal states: Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and Bavaria. ...

It is historically dominated by administration (being the seat of the former Landgraves of Hessen-Darmstadt), with industry (especially chemicals) as well as large science and tertiary education sectors becoming important from the early 20th century onwards. Capital Darmstadt Government Monarchy Landgrave - 1567 - 1596 George I - 1790 - 1806 Louis X History - Established 1567 - Disestablished 1806 The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: ) was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. ...

[edit] Boroughs

Darmstadt has 9 official 'Stadtteile' (boroughs). These are, alphabetically:^[2] A borough is a political division originally used in England. ...

[edit] History

Darmstadt The Market Square, around 1900 Source: Library of Congress Licence: Public Domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Darmstadt The Market Square, around 1900 Source: Library of Congress Licence: Public Domain File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

[edit] Origins

The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, then Darmundestat; Literally translated, the current German name Darmstadt means "Intestine City", though this is just a coincidence, as the name derives from the 'Darm'(bach), a small stream formerly running through the city. It was until recently mostly covered over, but is now being uncovered and partly renaturated, to add more character to the inner city.^[3] As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...

Darmstadt was chartered as a city by the Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330 to the counts of Katzenelnbogen.^[4] When the house of Katzenelnbogen became extinct in 1479, the city was passed to Hesse, and was seat of the ruling landgraves (1567-1806) and thereafter (to 1918) of the Grand Dukes of Hesse. The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Emperor Louis IV Louis IV of Bavaria (also known as Ludwig the Bavarian) of the House of Wittelsbach (1282 â€“ October 11, 1347) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and crowned as... Katzenelnbogen is the name of a medieval German county in todays state of Hesse as well as, today, of a castle and small city in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. ... Capital Kassel, Marburg Government Monarchy Landgrave - 1264 â€“ 1308 Henry I the Child - 1509 â€“ 1567 Philip I the Magnanimous Historical era Middle Ages, Reformation - Established 1264 - Disestablished 1567 The Landgraviate of Hesse (German: ) was a Landgraviate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1264 to 1567 when it was divided between the... Graf is a German noble title equal in rank to a count or an earl. ... Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ...

[edit] Early Modern Age

The city grew in population during the 19th century from little over 10,000 to 72,000 inhabitants.^{[citation needed]} A polytechnical school, which later became a Technical University now known as TU Darmstadt, was established in 1877. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Old main building in the city centre. ...

In the beginning of the 20th century Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of Jugendstil, the German variant of Art Nouveau. Annual architectural competitions led to the building of many architectural treasures of this period. Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist Anton Kollisch, working for the pharmaceutical company Merck, first synthesised the chemical MDMA (ecstasy) in Darmstadt. Darmstadt's municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen and Eberstadt, and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district (Kreis). Jugendstil is defined as a style of architecture or decorative art similar to Art Nouveau, popular in German-speaking areas of Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries [1]. Jugendstil was also popular in the Nordic countries, where it became integrated with the National Romantic Style. ... Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture. ... Anton Kollisch (?-1916) was the German chemist who, whilst working at Darmstadt for pharmaceutical giant Merck, first synthesised the chemical MDMA that would later come to be known as ecstasy. ... Merck KGaA is a German based pharmaceutical company. ... ecstasy and religious ecstasy MDMA, most commonly known today by the street name ecstasy, is a synthetic entactogen of the phenethylamine family whose primary effect is to stimulate the brain to rapidly secrete large amounts of serotonin, causing a general sense of openness, empathy, energy, euphoria, and well-being. ...

[edit] Nazi Germany

Darmstadt was the first city in Germany to force Jewish shops to close in early 1933, shortly after the Nazis took power in Germany (at that time, shops were only closed for a day, for "endanger[ing] communal order and tranquility")^[5] In 1942, over 3,000 Jews from Darmstadt were first gathered in a collection camp in the Liebigschule, and then deported to concentration camps^[6] where most were killed. It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ...

Darmstadt's old city centre was largely destroyed in a British bombing raid on Darmstadt on September 11, 1944 (Darmstadt had first been raided on July 30, 1940, one of 35 attacks to come). During this worst attack an estimated 11,000-12,500 inhabitants died, and 66,000-70,000 were rendered homeless.^[6] Over three quarters of Darmstadt's inner city area was destroyed in the raid,^[7] leading to a relatively architecturally plain style of post-war rebuilding. Darmstadt was bombed a number of times during World War II. The most defestating air raid on Darmstadt occured on the night of 11/12 September 1944 when No. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

[edit] Post-World War II

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Darmstadt became home to many technology companies and research institutes, and has been promoting itself as a "city of science" since 1997. It is well known as a high-tech centre in the vicinity of Frankfurt Airport, with important activities in spacecraft operations (the European Space Operations Centre), chemistry, pharmacy, information technology, biotechnology, telecommunications (substantial Deutsche Telekom presence) and mechatronics. In 2000, its region also scored Rank 3 amongst 97 German regions in the WirtschaftsWoche test ranking Germany's high-tech regions.^[4] Frankfurt Airport Frankfurt Airport (IATA: FRA, ICAO: EDDF), known in German as Rhein-Main-Flughafen or Flughafen Frankfurt am Main, is located near Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... Centre in Darmstadt, Germany The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) is responsible for controlling ESA satellites and space probes. ... [[Images:Bonn DTAG2. ... Wirtschaftswoche is a German weekly business news magazine. ...

The TU Darmstadt is one of the important technical institutes in Germany and is well known for its research and teaching in the Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering disciplines. Together with other tertiary institutions, the TU is responsible for the large student population of the city, which stood at 33,547 in 2004.^[4] Old main building in the city centre. ...

[edit] Modern day

[edit] Buildings & Attractions

The ducal palace of Darmstadt is located in the city centre. It was the residence of the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt, later as Grand Dukes of Hesse by the grace of Napoleon. Its current look was established in the 18th century. The counts also owned a castle on the Langenberg above the city. This castle dates back to the 13th century, but it was acquired by the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1662. The name of the castle is Frankenstein. Mary Shelley probably adopted the name for her novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818). Before writing the story, she had travelled through the region and visited Eberstadt near the castle (today a borough of Darmstadt), so the inspiration was likely from here. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2656 Ã— 1992 pixel, file size: 797 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Germany Darmstadt Luisenplatz Ludwig memorial Date: 2005-01-15 photographer: Heidas Wikipedia account All pictures Please use this discussion page File history Legend: (cur) = this... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2656 Ã— 1992 pixel, file size: 797 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Description: Germany Darmstadt Luisenplatz Ludwig memorial Date: 2005-01-15 photographer: Heidas Wikipedia account All pictures Please use this discussion page File history Legend: (cur) = this... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1025x719, 138 KB) Alexander Deppert I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1025x719, 138 KB) Alexander Deppert I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Friedensreich Regentag Dunkelbunt Hundertwasser (December 15, 1928 â€“ February 19, 2000) was an Austrian painter and architect. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2496 Ã— 1872 pixel, file size: 855 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Wasserturm am DarmstÃ¤dter Hauptbahnhof, der fÃ¼r die Wasserversorung der Dampflokomotiven benÃ¶tigt wurde. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2496 Ã— 1872 pixel, file size: 855 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Wasserturm am DarmstÃ¤dter Hauptbahnhof, der fÃ¼r die Wasserversorung der Dampflokomotiven benÃ¶tigt wurde. ... The mushroom-shaped concrete water tower of Roihuvuori in Helsinki, Finland was built in the 1970s. ... Capital Darmstadt Government Monarchy Landgrave - 1567 - 1596 George I - 1790 - 1806 Louis X History - Established 1567 - Disestablished 1806 The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (German: ) was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. ... Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley (30 August 1797 â€“ 1 February 1851) was an English romantic/gothic novelist and the author of Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus. ... This article is about the 1818 novel. ...

The Luisenplatz, the largest square of the city, forms the centre of the city. Today it is surrounded by modern buildings. In 1844 the Ludwigsäule (called Langer Lui, meaning Long Ludwig), a 33-meter column commemorating Ludwig I, first Grand Duke of Hesse, was placed in the middle. The other large city square is the Marktplatz (see image) near the city hall. Tiananmen Square, Beijing The Macroplaza, Monterrey Prato della Valle, Padova Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Isfahan Place de la Concorde, Paris Palace Square, St. ... Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (14 June 1753 â€“ 6 April 1830) was the son of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. ...

Surviving examples of the Jugendstil period include the Rosenhöhe, a landscaped English-style rose garden from the 19th century, recently renovated and replanted,^[8] the Mathildenhöhe,^[9] with the Hochzeitsturm ('Marriage tower', also commonly known as the 'Five-Finger-Tower') by Joseph Maria Olbrich and the Russian Chapel and large exhibition halls as well as many private villas built by Jugendstil architects who had settled in Darmstadt. The Russian Chapel was built as a private chapel by the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, whose wife Alexandra was born in Darmstadt. Jugendstil is defined as a style of architecture or decorative art similar to Art Nouveau, popular in German-speaking areas of Europe during the late 19th and early 20th centuries [1]. Jugendstil was also popular in the Nordic countries, where it became integrated with the National Romantic Style. ... Josef Maria Olbrich (22 December 1867â€“8 August 1908) was an Austrian architect. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian Ñ†Ð°Ñ€, Russian , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... Nicholas II redirects here. ... Alexandra and her daughters, Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia, and Maria, 1913 Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: ) or Saint Alexandra, 6 June 1872 â€“ 17 July 1918, under the title Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna (Russian: ), was Empress consort of the Russian Empire and the wife of Nicholas II of Russia, the...

The Waldspirale ('Forest Spiral'), a residential complex by Austrian Friedensreich Hundertwasser, was built 1998-2000. An almost surreal building, it is internationally famous for its almost absolute rejection of rectangular forms, down to every window having a different shape, the style being a trademark of Hundertwasser's work. Overview of the Waldspirale in Darmstadt. ... Friedensreich Regentag Dunkelbunt Hundertwasser (December 15, 1928 â€“ February 19, 2000) was an Austrian painter and architect. ... A cow standing on a pole. ...

Darmstadt's central train station, Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof, built in 1912 is at the west end of the city. Both local and inter-city trains stop at the station. The station also serves as a stop for buses and streetcars.^[10] Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof (usually translated from German as Darmstadt Central Station, short form: Darmstadt Hbf) is the Hauptbahnhof of the German city Darmstadt. ... For other uses, see Train (disambiguation). ... This article is about the form of transport. ... a historic postcard showing electric trolley-powered streetcars in Richmond, Virginia, where Frank J. Sprague successfully demonstrated his new system on the hills in 1888 A streetcar is a railway vehicle designed to carry passengers on tracks, usually laid in city streets. ...

Every year around early July the Heinerfest festival is held in the streets surrounding the old ducal palace. It is a traditional German festival with music acts, beer halls, amusement rides and booths selling trinkets and food. The similar 'Schloßgrabenfest', which is more live music-oriented, is held in the same location every year in May. These two festivals attract 700,000^[11] and 400,000^[12] visitors respectively. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Beer halls are large pubs that specialize in beer. ... 4 second exposure night photography . ... A concert is a live performance, usually of music, before an audience. ...

[edit] Institutions

Darmstadt is the site of the famous Darmstadt University of Technology, renowned for its engineering departments, and of the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. Related institutes are four Institutes of the Fraunhofer Society, and the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI, "Society for Heavy Ion Research"), which operates a particle accelerator at its Wixhausen site. Old main building in the city centre. ... aaa ... The Fraunhofer Society (German: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) is a German research organization with 58 institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science (as opposed to the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, which works primarily on basic science). ... The Gesellschaft fÃ¼r Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI, Institute for Heavy Ion Research) in Wixhausen, a suburb of Darmstadt, Germany is a federally funded heavy ion research center. ... For the DC Comics Superhero also called Atom Smasher, see Albert Rothstein. ... Wixhausen is a village in southern Hesse, Germany. ...

The GSI has, amongst others, discovered the chemical element Darmstadtium (atomic number: 110), named after the city in 2003. This makes Darmstadt one of only seven cities with an element named after it (the other cities being Ytterby in Sweden (four elements); Strontian in Scotland; Copenhagen in Denmark (whose Latin name gives Hafnium); Paris (whose Latin name gives Lutetium); Berkeley, California; and Dubna in Russia). Various other elements, including Meitnerium (atomic number: 109) (1982), Hassium (atomic number: 108) (1984), Roentgenium (atomic number: 111) (1994) and Ununbium (atomic number: 112) (1996) were also synthesized in the Darmstadt facility. Download high resolution version (2816x2112, 851 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2816x2112, 851 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The periodic table of the chemical elements A chemical element, or element, is a type of atom that is defined by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its nucleus. ... General Name, Symbol, Number darmstadtium, Ds, 110 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (281) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1 (guess based on platinum) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17... See also: List of elements by atomic number In chemistry and physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton number) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. ... Vaxholm To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... [1]Strontian is a village in Ardgour at the head of Loch Sunart, in the Scottish Highlands. ... This article is about the country. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number hafnium, Hf, 72 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 6, d Appearance grey steel Standard atomic weight 178. ... It has been suggested that List of visitor attractions in Paris be merged into this article or section. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lutetium, Lu, 71 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block n/a, 6, d Appearance silvery white Standard atomic weight 174. ... Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern California, in the United States. ... Dubna is a small city located in central Russia, in the Taldomsky district of Moscow Oblast, approximately 125 km north of Moscow, on the banks of the Volga river. ... General Name, Symbol, Number meitnerium, Mt, 109 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (268) gÂ·molâˆ’1 Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 (guess based on iridium) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32... General Name, Symbol, Number hassium, Hs, 108 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (269) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2 (guess based on osmium) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14... General Name, Symbol, Number roentgenium, Rg, 111 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably yellow or orange metallic Atomic mass (284) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1 (guess based on gold) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 1... General Name, Symbol, Number ununbium, Uub, 112 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray liquid Atomic mass (285) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (guess based on mercury) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32...

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) of the European Space Agency is located in Darmstadt, as is EUMETSAT, which operates meteorological satellites. Darmstadt is a centre for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, with Merck, Röhm and Schenck RoTec (part of The Dürr Group) having their main plants and centres here. Centre in Darmstadt, Germany The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) is responsible for controlling ESA satellites and space probes. ... Paris headquarters The ESA control room in Darmstadt, Germany The European Space Agency (ESA), established in 1974, is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member states. ... EUMETSAT is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by 19 European Member States: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. ... Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. ... For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). ...

The 'Jazz-Institut Darmstadt' is Germany's largest publicly accessible Jazz archive.^[13] For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ...

The 'Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt', harboring one of the world's largest collections of post-war sheet music,^[14] also hosts the biannual Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, a summer school in contemporary classical music founded by Wolfgang Steinecke. A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, John Cage, György Ligeti, Iannis Xenakis, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Mauricio Kagel. This article should be transwikied to wiktionary The term post-war is generally used for the period after the end of World War II, i. ... Sheet music is written representation of music. ... Initiated in 1946 by Wolfgang Steinecke, the Internationale Ferienkurse fÃ¼r Neue Musik (Darmstadt new music summer courses), held annually until 1970 and subsequently every two years, encompass both the teaching of composition and interpretation and include premiÃ¨res of new works. ... In the broadest sense, contemporary music is any music being written in the present day. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Olivier Messiaen It has been suggested that List of students of Olivier Messiaen be merged into this article or section. ... Luciano Berio (October 24, 1925 â€“ May 27, 2003) was an Italian composer. ... Milton Byron Babbitt (born May 10, 1916) is an American composer. ... Pierre Boulez Pierre Boulez (IPA: /pjÉ›Ê.buËˆlÉ›z/) (born March 26, 1925) is a conductor and composer of classical music. ... Grave of Nono in the San Michele Cemetery, Venice Luigi Nono (born January 29, 1924 in Venice; died May 8, 1990 in Venice) was an Italian composer of classical music and intellectual, one of the most important composers of the 20th century. ... For the Mortal Kombat character, see Johnny Cage. ... GyÃ¶rgy SÃ¡ndor Ligeti (May 28, 1923 â€“ June 12, 2006) was a Jewish Hungarian composer born in Romania who later became an Austrian citizen. ... Iannis Xenakis Iannis Xenakis (Î™Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ ÎžÎµÎ½Î¬ÎºÎ·Ï‚) (May 29, 1922 BrÄƒila â€“ February 4, 2001 Paris) was a Greek composer and architect who spent much of his life in Paris. ... Karlheinz Stockhausen (born August 22, 1928) is a German composer, and one of the most important and controversial composers of the 20th century. ... Mauricio Kagel (born Buenos Aires, December 24, 1931) is an Argentine composer who has lived in Germany for most of his career. ...

The 'Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung' (German Academy for Language and Poetry) provides writers and scholars with a place to research the German language.^[15] The Academy's annual Georg-Büchner-Preis, named in memory of Georg Büchner, is considered the most prestigious literary award for writers of German language. Karl Georg BÃ¼chner (October 17, 1813 â€“ February 19, 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of prose. ...

There are still U.S. Army personnel stationed in the Darmstadt area. Just outside the Darmstadt centre is the U.S. Army Garrison Darmstadt on Cambrai-Fritsch Kaserne. The barracks was originally built in the 1930s as two separate German Army barracks (Cambrai Kaserne and Freiherr von Fritsch Kaserne).^[16] In July 2007, the US Department of Defense announced that the facilty will be closed by March 2009 and returned to the control of the German government.^[17] The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces which has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ...

[edit] Famous people

Karl Georg BÃ¼chner (October 17, 1813 â€“ February 19, 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of prose. ... Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia (Russian: ), born Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: ) 6 June 1872 â€“ 17 July 1918, was Empress consort of Nicholas II, the last Tsar of the Russian Empire. ... A Tsaritsa (Цари́ца), also called tsarina, czarina, or czaritsa, was the title of Tsars wife or a female autocratic ruler(monarch) of Russia or Bulgaria. ... Johann Wolfgang Goethe , IPA: , later von Goethe, (28 August 1749 â€“ 22 March 1832) was a German polymath: he was a poet, novelist, dramatist, humanist, scientist, theorist, painter, and for ten years chief minister of state for the duchy of Weimar. ... Christoph Graupner (January 13, 1683 in Hartmanndorf - March 10, 1760 in Darmstadt) -- his full name was Johann Christoph Graupner, although he did not use his first name -- was a German harpsichordist and composer of high Baroque music who lived and worked at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg... Johannes Herber (born 17 January 1983 in Darmstadt, (West) Germany) is a basketball player who has signed to play with ALBA Berlin in his homelands Bundesliga. ... Dirk Nowitzki is the current star of the Germany national basketball team. ... Dr Walter Claus KÃ¶bel (born 20 March 1918 in Darmstadt, Germany) was a German politician. ... Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1 July 1742 â€“ 24 February 1799) was an 18th-century German scientist, satirist and Anglophile. ... Freiherr Justus von Liebig (May 12, 1803 in Darmstadt, Germany â€“ April 18, 1873 in Munich, Germany) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. ... BjÃ¶rn Phau (born October 4, 1979), is a German male tennis player. ... Friedrich August KekulÃ© von Stradonitz Friedrich August KekulÃ© von Stradonitz (September 7, 1829 â€“ July 13, 1896) was a German organic chemist. ... Markus RÃ¼hl performing in Biberach an der RiÃŸ. Markus RÃ¼hl (born 22 February 1972 in Darmstadt, Germany) is an IFBB professional bodybuilder. ...

[edit] Twinning

Darmstadt is twinned with: This article is about partnerships between towns distant from each other; see Twin cities for the unrelated concept of physically neighbouring cities. ...

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[edit] References

^ Hessian Statistical Office. Area, population and population change (in German). Retrieved on 2007-05-21.
^ Statistischer Ueberblick ('Statistical overview', from the official city website, in German)
^ DarmStadtBach (renaturation project website of the city authorities, in German)
^ ^a ^b ^c Essential Facts (brochure) (from the official city website)
^ Beginning of the End - Musman, Moshe; from Borne Aloft On The Wings Of A Dove (in-depth feature on Dei'ah veDibur website)
^ ^a ^b Darmstädter Stadtgeschichte 20. Jahrhundert (from the official city website, in German, less detailed also in English)
^ Darmstadt history (from the website of the Technical University of Darmstadt)
^ Rosenhöhe - planted with roses (from the official city website)
^ Mathildenhöhe (Artists' Colony) (from the official city website)
^ Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof (private photo gallery)
^ Information about the Heinerfest (in German)
^ Schloßgrabenfest 2006 (in German)
^ Jazz-Institut Darmstadt (official institute website)
^ Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt (official institute website, in German)
^ Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (official academy website, in German)
^ Cambrai Fritsch Kaserne (CFK), Germany (from GlobalSecurity.org)
^ DoD announces more Germany closings (from the Army Times website)

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Old main building in the city centre. ... GlobalSecurity. ... Army Times is a weekly newspaper serving active, reserve and retired United States Army and National Guard personnel and their families, providing career-related news and information as well as community and lifestyle features, educational supplements, and resource guides. ...

Encyclopedia > Darmstadt

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