Genocides and Politicides from 1955 to 2001 From No Lessons Learned from the Holocaust?, Barbara Harff, 2003. | Location | Dates | Est. Deaths | | Sudan | 10/56–3/72 | 400,000–600,000 | | South Vietnam | 1/65–4/75 | 400,000–500,000 | | China | 3/59–12/59 | 65,000 | | Iraq | 6/63–3/75 | 30,000–60,000 | | Algeria | 7/62–12/62 | 9,000–30,000 | | Rwanda | 12/63–6/64 | 12,000–20,000 | | Congo-K | 2/64–1/65 | 1,000–10,000 | | Burundi | 10/65–12/73 | 140,000 | | Indonesia | 11/65–7/66 | 500,000–1,000,000 | | China | 5/66–3/75 | 400,000–850,000 | | Guatemala | 7/78–12/96 | 60,000–200,000 | | East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh) | 3/71–12/71 | 1,000,000–3,000,000 | | Uganda | 2/72–4/79 | 50,000–400,000 | | Philippines | 9/72–6/76 | 60,000 | | Pakistan | 2/73–7/77 | 5,000–10,000 | | Chile | 9/73–12/76 | 5,000–10,000 | | Angola | 11/75–2001 | 500,000 | | Cambodia | 4/75–1/79 | 1,900,000–3,500,000 | | Indonesia | 12/75–7/92 | 100,000–200,000 | | Argentina | 3/76–12/80 | 9,000–20,000 | | Ethiopia | 7/76–12/79 | 10,000 | | Congo-K | 3/77–12/79 | 3,000–4,000 | | Afghanistan | 4/78–4/92 | 1,800,000 | | Burma | 1/78–12/78 | 5,000 | | El Salvador | 1/80–12/89 | 40,000–60,000 | | Uganda | 12/80–1/86 | 200,000–500,000 | | Syria | 4/81–2/82 | 5,000–30,000 | | Iran | 6/81–12/92 | 10,000–20,000 | | Sudan | 9/83–2003 | 2,000,000 | | Iraq | 3/88–6/91 | 180,000 | | Somalia | 5/88–1/91 | 15,000–50,000 | | Burundi | 1988 | 5,000–20,000 | | Sri Lanka | 9/89–1/90 | 13,000–30,000 | | Bosnia | 5/92–11/95 | 225,000 | | Burundi | 10/93–5/94 | 50,000 | | Rwanda | 4/94–7/94 | 500,000–1,000,000 | | Serbia | 12/98–7/99 | 10,000 | 20th century democides causing more than one million deaths. From Death by Government, Rummel, 1987. Several estimates have been revised after this date: China, the colonial ones, in general. | Location | Dates | Est. Deaths | | Cambodia | 1975–1979 | 2,035,000 | | China (KMT) | 1928–1949 | 10,075,000 | | China (PRC) | 1949–1987 | 77,277,000 | | China (Mao Soviets) | 1923–1949 | 3,465,000 | | Colonialism | 1900–Independence | 50,000,000 | | Congo Free State | 1885–1908 | est C20th 3,480,000
total of 10,000,000 | | Germany | 1933–1945 | 20,946,000 | | Japan | 1936–1945 | 5,964,000 | | Pakistan | 1958–1987 | 1,503,000 | | Poland | 1945–1948 | 1,585,000 | | Mexico | 1900–1920 | 1,417,000 | | North Korea | 1948–1987 | 1,563,000 | | Russia | 1900–1917 | 1,066,000 | | Turkey | 1909–1918 | 1,883,000 | | Vietnam | 1945–1987 | 1,670,000 | | Yugoslavia (Tito) | 1944–1987 | 1,072,000 | | U.S.S.R. | 1917–1987 | 61,911,000 | Selected pre-20th century democides. From Death by Government, Rummel, 1987 [1]. | Events | Dates | Est. Deaths | | Christian Crusades | 1095–1272 | 1,000,000 | | Albigensian Crusade | 1208–1249 | 200,000 | | By Mongols | 14th–15th Century | 29,927,000 | | By Aztecs | Centuries | >1,000,000 | | Thirty Years' War | 1618–1648 | 5,750,000 | | Witch Hunt | 15th–17th Century | 100,000 | | Spanish Inquisition | 16th–18th Century | 350,000 | | In China | 221 BC–19th Century | 33,519,000 | | In Iran | 5th–19th Century | >2,000,000 | | In Russia | 10th–19th Century | >1,007,000 | | In Ottoman Empire | 12th–19th Century | >2,000,000 | | In India | 13th–19th Century | >4,511,000 | | Slavery of Africans | 1451–1870 | 17,267,000 | | In Japan | 1570–19th Century | >1,500,000 | | Of American-Indians | 16th–19th Century | 13,778,000 | | French Revolution | 1793–1794 | 263,000 | Bloodiest dictators for the millennium.Rummel, [2][3][4]. | Dictator | Dates | Est. Deaths | Qing Dynasty,
mainly Empress Dowager Cixi | 1859-64,
Tai Ping Rebellion | 12,000,000 | | Genghis Khan | 1215–1233 | 4,000,000 | | Adolf Hitler | 1933–1945 | 21,000,000 | | Chiang Kai-shek | 1921–1948 | 10,000,000 | | Kublai Khan | 1252–1279 | 19,000,000 | | Vladimir Lenin | 1917–1924 | 4,000,000 | | Leopold II of Belgium | 1885–1908 | 10,000,000 | | Pol Pot | 1968–1987 | 2,000,000 | | Joseph Stalin | 1929–1953 | 43,000,000 | | Hideki Tojo | 1941–1945 | 4,000,000 | | Mao Zedong | 1923–1976 | 77,000,000 | Democide is a term coined by political scientist R. J. Rummel for "the murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder". Rummel created the term as an extended concept to include forms of government murder that are not covered by the legal definition of genocide, and it has found currency among other scholars.[1][2][3] It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...
Flag Capital Boma Government Monarchy Ruler and owner Leopold II of Belgium Historical era New Imperialism - Established 1885 - Annexation by Belgium 15 November, 1908 The Congo Free State was a corporate state privately owned by King Leopold II of Belgium (not in his role as monarch) that included the entire...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...
The Siege of Antioch, from a medieval miniature painting, during the First Crusade. ...
The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209 - 1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the heresy of the Cathars of Languedoc. ...
The name Mongols (Mongolian: Mongol) specifies one or several ethnic groups. ...
The word Aztec is usually used as a historical term, although some contemporary Nahuatl speakers would consider themselves Aztecs. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
1533 account of the execution of a witch charged with burning the town of Schiltach in 1531. ...
Saint Dominic (1170 – August 6, 1221) Presiding over an Auto-da-fe, by Pedro Berruguete, (1450 - 1504). ...
Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (İstanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans - 1281–1326...
The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on...
Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
The Taiping Rebellion (1851 - 1864) was one of the bloodiest conflicts in history, a clash between the forces of Imperial China and those inspired by a Hakka self-proclaimed mystic named Hong Xiuquan, who was also a Christian convert. ...
For other uses, see Genghis Khan (disambiguation). ...
Hitler redirects here. ...
Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ...
Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or the last of the Great Khans (September 23, 1215[8] - February 18, 1294[9]) (Mongolian: Хубилай хаан, Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ), was a Mongol military leader. ...
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: , IPA: , better known by the alias () (April 22, 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, a communist politician, the main leader of the October Revolution, the first head of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic, until 1922 (or Bolshevist Russia), and the primary theorist of Leninism...
Leopold II (Léopold Louis Philippe Marie Victor (French) or Leopold Lodewijk Filips Marie Victor (Dutch) (April 9, 1835 – December 17, 1909) was King of the Belgians. ...
Saloth Sar (May 19, 1925 – April 15, 1998), better known as Pol Pot, was the leader of the Khmer Rouge and the Prime Minister of Cambodia (officially renamed the Democratic Kampuchea during his rule) from 1976 to 1979, having been de facto leader since mid-1975. ...
Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[2] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from...
Hideki Tojo (KyÅ«jitai: æ±æ¢ 英機; Shinjitai: æ±æ¡ 英機; ) (December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a General in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during the time when Japan was Empire of Japan; he served as prime minister during much of World War II, from October 18, 1941...
“Mao†redirects here. ...
See also: Political Science Notable political scientists Kenneth Arrow - Nobel Memorial Prize winning economist who published influential paper on his widely cited Arrows Impossibility Theorem Robert Axelrod Duncan Black - Responsible for unearthing the work of many early political scientists, including Charles Dodgson Jean-Charles de Borda - 18th century mathematician...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
Politicide is a punk band formed in the early 80s. ...
Mass murder (massacre) is the act of murdering a large number of people, typically at the same time, or over a relatively short period of time. ...
Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
Definition
According to Rummel, genocide has three different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes nonlethal acts that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.[4] Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 1948 and came into effect in January 1951. ...
Rummel defines democide as "The murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder". For example, government-sponsored killings for political reasons would be considered democide. Democide can also include deaths arising from "intentionally or knowingly reckless and depraved disregard for life"; this brings into account many deaths arising through various neglects and abuses, such as forced mass starvation. Rummel explicitly excludes battle deaths in his definition. Capital punishment, actions taken against armed civilians during mob action or riot, and the deaths of noncombatants killed during attacks on military targets so long as the primary target is military, are not considered democide.[5] Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
Politicide is a punk band formed in the early 80s. ...
Mass murder (massacre) is the act of murdering a large number of people, typically at the same time, or over a relatively short period of time. ...
Political action to drive a group of people to a hunger stage ...
He has further stated: "I use the civil definition of murder, where someone can be guilty of murder if they are responsible in a reckless and wanton way for the loss of life, as in incarcerating people in camps where they may soon die of malnutrition, unattended disease, and forced labor, or deporting them into wastelands where they may die rapidly from exposure and disease."
Some examples of democide include the Great Purges carried out by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, the deaths from the colonial policy in the Congo Free State, and Mao's Great Leap Forward resulting in a famine which killed millions of people. These were not cases of genocide, because those who were killed were not selected on the basis of their race, but were killed in large numbers as a result of government policies. Famine is classified as democide if it fits the definition above. The Great Purge is the name given to campaigns of repression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s which included a purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. ...
Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[2] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from...
In general, the word colonial means of or relating to a colony. In United States history, the term Colonial is used to refer to the period before US independence. ...
Flag Capital Boma Government Monarchy Ruler and owner Leopold II of Belgium Historical era New Imperialism - Established 1885 - Annexation by Belgium 15 November, 1908 The Congo Free State was a corporate state privately owned by King Leopold II of Belgium (not in his role as monarch) that included the entire...
Mao could refer to: Mao Zedong, (Mao Tse-Tung in Wade-Giles) leader of the Communist Party of China from 1935 to 1976. ...
The Great Leap Forward (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social plan used from 1958 to 1960 which aimed to use Chinas vast population to rapidly transform mainland China from a primarily agrarian economy dominated by peasant farmers...
As an example, Rummel until recently did not classify the Great Leap Forward as democide. He believed that Mao's policies were largely responsible for the famine, but he was misled about it, and finally when he found out, he stopped it and changed his policies. Thus not an intentional famine and thus not a democide. New information from Mao: the Unknown Story states that Mao knew about the famine from the beginning and didn't care. Eventually he had to be stopped by a meeting of 7,000 top Communist Party members. Thus the famine was intentional and a democide.[6]
Research on democide Accusations of mass killings by a government are relatively common. Less common are well-documented cases with enough evidence to support the accusation. Almost all accusations are disputed to some degree, although the evidence in some cases is stronger than in others.
Rummel's sources include scholarly works, refugee reports, memoirs, biographies, historical analyses, actual exhumed body counts, records kept by the murderers themselves, and so on. In short his data are all estimates available in English for all nations over a period of a century, and available in the libraries he worked in, including the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is the de facto national library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress. ...
He provides the most probable death toll along a low and a high count that are meant to be the most unlikely low and high number of deaths, and thus to bracket the probable true count. It is to determine these lows and highs that he includes what some others might consider absurd estimates. His published books do not include new research and new sources available after the publication date.
Rummel's counts 43 million deaths due to democide during Stalin's regime inside and outside the Soviet Union. This is much higher than an often quoted figure of 20 million. Rummel has responded that this is based on a figure from Robert Conquest's book The Great Terror from 1968 and that Conquest's qualifier "almost certainly too low" is usually forgotten. Conquest's calculations excluded camp deaths after 1950, and before 1936; executions 1939–53; the vast deportation of the people of captive nations into the camps, and their deaths 1939–1953; the massive deportation within the Soviet Union of minorities 1941–1944 and their deaths; and those the Soviet Red Army and secret police executed throughout Eastern Europe after their conquest during 1944–1945. Moreover, the Holodomor that killed 5 million in 1932–1934 is not included.[7] Dr. George Robert Ackworth Conquest (born July 15, 1917), British historian, became one of the best-known writers on the Soviet Union with the publication, in 1968, of his account of Stalins purges of the 1930s, The Great Terror. ...
The Great Terror: A Reassessment by Robert Conquest The Great Terror is the title of a book by British writer Robert Conquest, published in 1968. ...
Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1968 Gregorian calendar. ...
Child victim of the Holodomor The Ukrainian famine (1932-1933) or Holodomor was one of the largest national catastrophes of the Ukrainian nation in modern history with direct loss of human life in the range of millions (estimates vary). ...
His research shows that the death toll from democide is far greater than the death toll from war. After studying over 8,000 reports of government caused deaths, Rummel estimates that there have been 262 million victims of democide in the last century. According to his figures, six times as many people have died from the inflictions of people working for governments than have died in battle.
One of his main findings is that liberal democracies have much less democide than authoritarian regimes.[8] He argues that there is a relation between political power and democide. Political mass murder grows increasingly common as political power becomes unconstrained. At the other end of the scale, where power is diffuse, checked, and balanced, political violence is a rarity. According to Rummel, "The more power a regime has, the more likely people will be killed. This is a major reason for promoting freedom." Rummel concludes: "Concentrated political power is the most dangerous thing on earth."
Several other researchers have found similar results. "Numerous researchers point out that democratic norms and political structures constrain elite decisions about the use of repression against their citizens whereas autocratic elites are not so constrained." "Once in place, democratic institutions — even partial ones — reduce the likelihood of armed conflict and all but eliminate the risk that it will lead to geno/politicide."[9]
For books, articles, data, and analyses regarding democide, see Rummel's website. In particular, he has an extensive FAQ. He has also made his many sources and the calculations used, from a pre-publisher manuscript of his book Statistics of Democide, available online. Researchers often give widely different estimates of mass murder. They use different definitions, methodology, and sources. For example, some include battle deaths in their calculations. [Matthew White has compiled some of these different estimates. FAQ is an abbreviation for Frequently Asked Question(s). The term refers to listed questions and answers, all supposed to be frequently asked in some context, and pertaining to a particular topic. ...
Update on democides In May 2005, Rummel guessed the number for Darfur Conflict to be over 400,000. Combatants factions of the SLA Justice & Equality Movement Janjaweed Sudan Minnawi-faction of the SLA Commanders SLA: SalaBob and Sulaiman Gamos JEM: Ibrahim Khalil Janjaweed: ? Sudan: Omar al-Bashir SLA: Minni Minnawi Casualties 300,000 civilians killed (est. ...
In November 2005, he estimated the democide in Mao's China (1949–1975) at 73,000,000.[10] “Mao†redirects here. ...
In December 2005, he raised his estimate for colonial democide to 50,000,000 and estimated the democide in the Congo Free State to 10,000,000.[11][12] Flag Capital Boma Government Monarchy Ruler and owner Leopold II of Belgium Historical era New Imperialism - Established 1885 - Annexation by Belgium 15 November, 1908 The Congo Free State was a corporate state privately owned by King Leopold II of Belgium (not in his role as monarch) that included the entire...
See also | Homicide | | Murder | | Assassination
Child murder
Consensual homicide
Contract killing
Felony murder
Honor killing
Human sacrifice
Lust murder
Lynching
Mass murder
Murder-suicide
Negligent homicide
Proxy murder
Ritual murder
Serial killer
Spree killer
Torture murder
Vehicular homicide
Homicide (Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut, kill) refers to the act of killing another human being. ...
It has been suggested that Selective assassination be merged into this article or section. ...
Note: for practices of systematically killing very young children, see infanticide For the killing of ones own children, see filicide. ...
Consensual homicide refers to a killing in which the victim wants to die. ...
A contract killing (also contract murder or murder-for-hire) is a murder in which a killer is hired by another person to murder for material reward, usually money. ...
The felony murder rule is a legal doctrine according to which anyone who commits, or is found to be involved in, a serious crime (a felony), during which any person dies, is guilty of murder. ...
An honor killing is a murder, nearly exclusively of a woman, who has been perceived as having brought dishonor to her family. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
A lust murder is a homicide in which the offender stabs, cuts, pierces, slashes, or otherwise mutilates the sexual organs or areas of the victims body. ...
Lynching is a form of violence, usually murder, conceived of by its perpetrators as extrajudicial punishment for offenders or as a terrorist method of enforcing social domination. ...
Mass murder (massacre) is the act of murdering a large number of people, typically at the same time, or over a relatively short period of time. ...
A murder suicide is an act in which an individual kills one or more other persons immediately before, or while killing himself. ...
Negligent homicide is a charge brought against persons, who by inaction, allow others under their care to die. ...
A proxy murder is a murder in which the murderer does so at the behest of another, acting as his or her proxy. ...
Ritual murder is murder performed in a ritualistic fashion or on a basis of rituals. ...
Serial killers are individuals who have a history of multiple slayings of victims who were usually unknown to them beforehand. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Torture murder is a loosely defined legal term to describe the process used by murderers who kill their victims by slowly torturing them. ...
Vehicular homicide is in most places a criminal act involving the killing of a life by hitting it with a vehicle. ...
| | Manslaughter | | In English law For a discussion of the law in other countries, see manslaughter In the English law of homicide, manslaughter is a less serious offence than murder with the the law differentiating between levels of fault based on the mens rea (Latin for a guilty mind). Manslaughter may be either: Voluntary where...
| | Non-criminal homicide | | Justifiable homicide
Capital punishment The concept of justifiable homicide in criminal law stands on the dividing line between an excuse and an exculpation. ...
Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ...
| | Other types of homicide | | Democide
Feticide
Filicide
Fratricide
Gendercide
Genocide
Infanticide
Mariticide
Matricide
Parricide
Patricide
Prolicide
Sororicide
Suicide
Regicide
Tyrannicide
Uxoricide
Vivicide
Abortion, in its most common usage, refers to the voluntary or induced termination of pregnancy, generally through the use of surgical procedures or drugs. ...
Filicide is the deliberate act of a parent killing his or her own son or daughter. ...
Fratricide (from the Latin word frater, meaning: brother and cide meaning to kill) is the act of a person killing his or her brother. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
In sociology and biology, infanticide is the practice of intentionally causing the death of an infant of a given species, by members of the same species - often by the mother. ...
Mariticide (not to be confused with matricide); from the Latin maritus (married) & cidium (killing), literally means the murder of ones married partner, but has become most associated with the murder of a husband by his wife. ...
Matricide is the act of killing ones mother. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Patricide. ...
Patricide is (i) the act of killing ones father, or (ii) a person who kills his or her father. ...
Prolicide is the act of killing offspring, either before or soon after birth. ...
This article is about a kind of homicide. ...
Rather than surrender to US soldiers, the Mayor (Bürgermeister) of Leipzig, Germany, committed suicide along with his wife and daughter on April 20, 1945. ...
For other uses, see Regicide (disambiguation). ...
Tyrannicide literally means the killing of a tyrant. ...
This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
| | This box: view • talk • edit | Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or...
The democratic peace theory or simply the democratic peace is a theory and related empirical research in international relations, political science, and philosophy which holds that democracies—usually, liberal democracies[1]—never or almost never go to war with one another. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Genocide is the mass killing of a group of people, as defined by Article 2 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) as any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or...
Policide is a neologism used in political science to describe the intentional destruction of a city or nation. ...
Rummels Law states that the less freedom a people have, the more likely their rulers are to murder them. ...
External links - Definition of Democide - by R.J. Rummel, from his book Death by Government.
- Democide Information Service (www.democide.info)
- Never Again - international genocide prevention group; organized 2004 Rwanda Forum at the Imperial War Museum in London.
- Never Again Wiki
- Power Kills - Rummel's website.
- Genocides, Politicides, and Other Mass Murder Since 1945, With Stages in 2006 - Genocide Watch
References - ^ Encountering Evil: Live Options in Theodicy, Stephen Thane Davis, Westminster John Knox Press, 2001, ISBN 066422251X Google Books
- ^ Understanding and Preventing Violence: The Psychology of Human Destructiveness, Leighton C. Whitaker, CRC Press, 2000, ISBN 0849322650 Google Books
- ^ Contemporary Responses to the Holocaust, Konrad Kwiet, Jürgen Matthäus, Praeger/Greenwood, 2004, ISBN 0275974669 Google Books
- ^ Genocide.
- ^ Rummel’s definition.
- ^ Getting my reestimate of Mao’s democide.
- ^ How many did Stalin really murder.
- ^ Miracle.
- ^ Genocide.
- ^ Reevaluating China's Democide to be 73,000,000.
- ^ Reevaluating colonial democide.
- ^ New estimate of 20th century democide.
|
Feeds |
Contact