Dr. Douglas C. Engelbart (born January 30, 1925 in Oregon) is an American inventor of German descent. He is best known for inventing the computer mouse (in a joint effort with Bill English); as a pioneer of human-computer interaction whose team developed hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to GUIs; and as a committed and vocal proponent of the development and use of computers and networks to help cope with the world's increasingly more urgent and complex problems (which Horst W. J. Rittel and others since have called wicked problems). January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Official language(s) None Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ... Operating a mechanical 1: Pulling the mouse turns the ball. ... Bill English is a computer engineer who contributed to the development of the computer mouse while working for Doug Engelbart at SRI. He left SRI in 1971 and headed to Xerox Parc where managed the Office Systems Research Group. ... Human–computer interaction (HCI) or, alternatively, computer–human interaction (symbolized as Χ χ Chi, the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... The tower of a personal computer. ... A computer network is a system for communication between computers. ... The concept of wicked problems was originally proposed by H. J. Rittel (a pioneering theorist of design and planning, and late professor at the University of California, Berkeley) and M. Webber (1) in a seminal treatise for social planning. ...

Education

Engelbart received a Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from Oregon State University in 1948, a B.Eng. from UC Berkeley in 1952 [1], and a Ph.D. from UC Berkeley in EECS in 1955. While at Oregon State, he was a member of Sigma Phi Epsilon social fraternity. The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Oregon State University (OSU) is a research and degree-granting four-year public university located in Corvallis, Oregon. ... The University of California, Berkeley (also known as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, and by other names, see below) is the oldest and flagship campus of the ten-campus University of California system. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The University of California, Berkeley (also known as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, and by other names, see below) is the oldest and flagship campus of the ten-campus University of California system. ... EECS (sometimes pronounced eeks) is an abbreviation for Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences. ... ΣΦΕ (Sigma Phi Epsilon), commonly nicknamed SigEp, is a social fraternity for male college students in the United States. ...

As a World War II naval radio technician based in the Philippines, Engelbart was inspired by Vannevar Bush's article "As We May Think". After the war, Engelbart studied at UC Berkeley, where he earned a Ph.D. in 1955, and where he was involved in the construction of the CALDIC as a student. He spent over a year trying to create an unsuccessful startup, Digital Techniques, to commercialize some of his doctorate research into storage devices, then worked with Hewitt Crane on magnetic logic devices at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI), now headquartered in Menlo Park, while the organization was still affiliated with Stanford University. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... A technician is generally someone in a technological field who has a relatively practical understanding of the general theoretical principles of that field, e. ... Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 30, 1974) was an American engineer and science administrator, known for his political role in the development of the atomic bomb, and the idea of the memex—seen as a pioneering concept for the World Wide Web. ... Vannevar Bushs essay As We May Think, first published in The Atlantic Monthly in July 1945, argued that as humans turned from war, scientific efforts should shift from increasing physical abilities to making all previous collected human knowledge more accessible. ... CALDIC (the California Digital Computer) was an electronic digital computer built with the assistance of the Office of Naval Research at the University of California, Berkeley between 1951 and 1955 to assist and enhance research being conducted at the university with a platform for high-speed computing. ... (1) Startup (or start-up, aka System startup) refers to the short period of time, or system state a computer is in, immediately after switching it on. ... Hewitt D. Crane is an American engineer best known for his pioneering work at SRI International on ERMA (Electronic Recording Machine, Accounting), magnetic digital logic, neuristor logic, the development of an eye-movement tracking device, and a pen-input device for computers. ... SRI International is one of the worlds largest contract research institutions. ... Menlo Park is a city in San Mateo County, California in the United States of America. ... Stanford redirects here. ...

Career and accomplishments

The first computer mouse held by Engelbart showing the wheels which directly contact the working surface.

Historian of science Thierry Bardini has persuasively argued that Engelbart's complex personal philosophy (which drove all his research endeavors) foreshadowed the modern application of the concept of coevolution to the philosophy and use of technology. Bardini points out that Engelbart was strongly influenced by the principle of linguistic relativity developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf.^[1] The first computer mouse underside view held by inventor Douglas Engelbart found using a google image search. ... Operating a mechanical 1: Pulling the mouse turns the ball. ... A historian is someone who writes history, and history is a written accounting of the past. ... Thierry Bardini, a sociologist, is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at the Université de Montréal, Canada, where he co-directs the Workshop in Radical Empiricism (with Brian Massumi). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... Bumblebees and the flowers they pollinate co-evolve so that the flower is dependent on the bee and the bee is dependent on the flower for survival In Biology, Co-evolution is the mutual evolutionary influence between two species that become dependent on each other. ... By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a level of technological mastery sufficient to leave the surface of the planet for the first time and explore space. ... The principle of linguistic relativity is Benjamin Whorfs theory of the way in which an individuals thoughts are influenced by the language(s) they have available to express them. ... Benjamin Lee Whorf (April 24, 1897 - July 26, 1941) was an American linguist. ...

Where Whorf reasoned that the sophistication of a language controls the sophistication of the thoughts that can be expressed by a speaker of that language, Engelbart reasoned that the state of our current technology controls our ability to manipulate information, and that fact in turn will control our ability to develop new, improved technologies. He thus set himself to the revolutionary task of developing computer-based technologies for manipulating information directly, and also to improve individual and group processes for knowledge-work. Engelbart's philosophy and research agenda is most clearly and directly expressed in the 1962 research report which Engelbart refers to as his 'bible': Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework. The concept of network augmented intelligence is attributed to Engelbart based on this pioneering work.

At SRI International, Engelbart was the primary force behind the design and development of the On-Line System, or NLS. He and his team at the Augmentation Research Center (the lab he founded) developed computer-interface elements such as bit-mapped screens, groupware, hypertext and precursors to the graphical user interface. He conceived and developed many of his user interface ideas back in the mid-1960s, long before the personal computer revolution, at a time when most individuals were kept away from computers, and could only use computers through intermediaries (see batch processing), and when software tended to be written for vertical applications in proprietary systems. NLS, or the oNLine System, was the revolutionary computer collaboration system designed by Douglas Engelbart and the researchers at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during the 1960s. ... Stanford Research Institutes Augmentation Research Center (ARC) was founded by electrical engineer Douglas Engelbart to develop and experiment with new tools and techniques for collaboration and information processing. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Batch processing is the execution of a series of programs (jobs) on a computer without human interaction, when possible. ...

An Apple Macintosh Plus's Mouse, 1986

In 1967, Engelbart applied for, and in 1970 he received a patent for the wooden shell with two metal wheels (computer mouse U.S. Patent 3,541,541), describing it in the patent application as an "X-Y position indicator for a display system". Engelbart later revealed that it was nicknamed the "mouse" because the tail came out the end. His group also called the on-screen cursor a "bug," but this term was not widely adopted. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The first Macintosh computer, introduced in 1984, upgraded to a 512K Fat Mac. The Macintosh or Mac, is a line of personal computers designed, developed, manufactured, and marketed by Apple Computer. ... A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and... Operating a mechanical 1: Pulling the mouse turns the ball. ...

He never received any royalties for his mouse invention, partly because his patent expired in 1987, before the personal computer revolution made the mouse an indispensable input device, and also because subsequent mice used different mechanisms that did not infringe upon the original patent. During an interview, he says "SRI patented the mouse, but they really had no idea of its value. Some years later I learned that they had licensed it to Apple for something like $40,000." A royalty is a sum paid to the creator of performance art for the use of that art. ... SRI Internationals main campus on Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California SRI International is one of the worlds largest contract research institutions. ... Apple Computer, Inc. ...

Engelbart showcased many of his and ARC's inventions in 1968 at the so-called mother of all demos. Douglas Engelbarts 1968 demonstration at the Convention Center in San Francisco is often called The Mother of All Demos. ...

ARPANET

Because Engelbart's research and tool-development for online collaboration and interactive human-computer interfaces was partially funded by ARPA, SRI's ARC became involved with the, ARPANET (the precursor of the Internet). The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technology for use by the military. ... ARPANET logical map, March 1977. ...

On October 29, 1969, the world's first electronic computer network, the ARPANET, was established between nodes at Leonard Kleinrock's lab at UCLA and Engelbart's lab at SRI. Interface Message Processors at both sites served as the backbone of the first Internet [2]. October 29 is the 302nd day of the year (303rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... ARPANET logical map, March 1977. ... Leonard Kleinrock and the first IMP. source: (http://www. ... Binomial name Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993 The largemouth triplefin, Ucla xenogrammus, is a fish of the family Tripterygiidae and only member of the genus Ucla, found in the Pacific Ocean from Viet Nam, the Philippines, Palau and the Caroline Islands to Papua New Guinea, Australia (including Christmas Island), and the... The Interface Message Processor was the packet-switching node (actually a mini-computer with special-purpose interfaces) used to make up the ARPANET in the late 1960s and 1970s. ... The Internet backbone refers to the main trunk connections of the Internet. ...

In addition to SRI and UCLA, UCSB, and the University of Utah were part of the original four network nodes. By December 5, 1969, the entire 4-node network was connected. The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) is a coeducational public university located on the Pacific Ocean in Santa Barbara County, California. ... The University of Utah (also The U or the U of U) is a public university in Salt Lake City, Utah. ... December 5 is the 339th day (340th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

ARC soon became the first Network Information Center and thus managed the directory for connections among all ARPANET nodes. ARC also published a large percentage of the early Request For Comments, an ongoing series of publications that document the evolution of ARPANET/Internet. A Network Information Centre (NIC), also known as domain registry, is part of the Domain Name System of the Internet. ... Alternate meaning: Wikipedia:Requests for comment A Request for Comments (RFC) document is one of a series of numbered Internet informational documents and standards very widely followed by both commercial software and freeware in the Internet and Unix communities. ...

End of corporate career and subsequent developments

Engelbart slipped into relative obscurity after 1976 due to various misfortunes and misunderstandings. Several of Engelbart's best researchers became alienated from him and left his organization for Xerox PARC, in part due to frustration, and in part due to differing views of the future of computing. Engelbart saw the future in timeshare (client/server) computing, which younger programmers rejected in favor of the personal computer. The conflict was both technical and social: Engelbart came from a time in which only timeshare computing was achievable, and also believed in joint effort; the younger programmers came from an era where centralized power was highly suspect, and personal computing was just barely on the horizon. Bold text // Headline text Link title This article is about the computer research center. ...

Engelbart, in his office at Tymshare, shows the original mouse next to the then latest, 1984 model.

In his book about Engelbart, Bardini points out that in the early 1970s, several key ARC personnel were briefly involved in Erhard Seminars Training. Although EST seemed like a good idea at first, it would ultimately destroy the morale and social cohesion of the ARC community. Image File history File links Engelbartmice. ... Image File history File links Engelbartmice. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Erhard Seminars Training, or est (always in lower-case), was a controversial New Age large group awareness training (LGAT) seminar program, widespread during the 1970s. ...

The Mansfield Amendment, the end of the Vietnam War, and the end of Project Apollo reduced ARC's funding from ARPA and NASA. SRI's management, which disapproved of Engelbart's approach to running the center, placed the remains of ARC under the control of artificial intelligence researcher Bertram Raphael, who negotiated the transfer of the laboratory to a company called Tymshare. Engelbart's house in Atherton burned down during this period, causing him and his family even further problems. Tymshare took over NLS and the lab that Engelbart had founded, hired most of the lab's staff including its creator as a Senior Scientist, and offered commercial services based upon NLS. Tymshare was already somewhat familiar with NLS; back when ARC was still operational, it had experimented with its own local copy of the NLS software on a minicomputer called OFFICE-1, as part of a joint project with ARC. Michael Joseph Mansfield (March 16, 1903–October 5, 2001) was an American politician from Montana. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1975. ... NASA Insignia Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from an article revision dated 2005-09-01, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Hondas humanoid robot AI redirects here. ... Bertram Raphael (born 1936 in New York) is a computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence. ... Atherton is a town in San Mateo County, California, United States. ... This article needs cleanup. ... NLS, or the oNLine System, was the revolutionary computer collaboration system designed by Douglas Engelbart and the researchers at the Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) during the 1960s. ...

At Tymshare, Engelbart soon found himself marginalized and relegated to obscurity--operational concerns at Tymshare overrode Engelbart's desire to do further research. Various executives first at Tymshare and later at McDonnell Douglas (which took over Tymshare in 1982) expressed interest in his ideas, but never committed the funds or the people to further develop them. He left McDonnell in 1986 and retired from corporate life. DC-10, retired from American Airlines fleet at gate McDonnell Douglas was a major American aerospace manufacturer, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft. ...

Since the late 1980s, prominent individuals and organizations have recognized the seminal importance of Engelbart's contributions:

In December 1995, at the Fourth WWW Conference in Boston, he was the first recipient of what would later become the Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award. In 1997 he was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Prize of $500,000, the world's largest single prize for invention and innovation, and the Turing Award. In 1998 the Stanford Silicon Valley Archives and the Institute for the Future hosted Engelbart's Unfinished Revolution, a large symposium at Stanford University's Memorial Auditorium, to honor Engelbart and his ideas. In early 2000 Engelbart produced, with a dedicated team of volunteers and financial supporters, what was called the Engelbart Colloquium or The Unfinished Revolution - II, at Stanford University. The Colloquium was meant to document and publicize his work and ideas to a large audience (live, and online). The archives of this Engelbart UnRev-II Colloquium at Stanford are still available online as of this writing (September 2005). In December 2000, US President Bill Clinton awarded Engelbart the National Medal of Technology, the United States' highest technology award. In 2001 Engelbart was awarded a British Computer Society's Lovelace Medal. 2005 saw Engelbart made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum and winner of the Norbert Wiener Award, awarded annually by Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. The Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award (formerly the SoftQuad Award for Excellence) is a prize awarded annually by the Yuri Rubinsky Insight Foundation. ... The Lemelson-MIT Prize, endowed in 1994 by Jerome H. Lemelson, and administered through the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is awarded to inventors from the United States for outstanding achievement. ... The A.M. Turing Award is given annually by the Association for Computing Machinery to a person selected for contributions of a technical nature made to the computing community. ... The Institute for the Future (IFTF) is an independent nonprofit research group. ... Symposium originally referred to a drinking party (the Greek verb sympotein means to drink together) but has since come to refer to any academic conference, whether or not drinking takes place. ... Stanford redirects here. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... The British Computer Society (BCS) is a professional/academic association within the UK consisting of IT practitioners. ... The Lovelace Medal was established by the British Computer Society in 1998. ... The Computer History Museum in Mountain View. ... There are two Norbert Wiener Prizes: Norbert Wiener Prize in Applied Mathematics Norbert Wiener Award for Social and Professional Responsibility This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) is an organization focusing on the aspect of computer technology on society. ...

At present

Currently (at age 81 in 2006), he is the director of his own company, the Bootstrap Institute which he founded in 1988 with one of his daughters, Christina Engelbart. It is located in Fremont, California and promotes Engelbart's latest refinement of his philosophy, the concept of Collective IQ, and development of what he calls Open Hyper-Document Systems(OHS). In 2005 Engelbart received a National Science Foundation grant to fund the open source HyperScope project. The Hyperscope project has built a browser component using Ajax and DHTML designed to replicate's Augment's multiple viewing and jumping capabilities (linking within and across various documents). HyperScope is perceived as the first step of a process designed to engage a wider community in a dialogue, on development of collaborative software and services, based on Engelbart's goals and research. Bootstrap is housed rent-free courtesy of the Logitech Corp., the world's largest manufacturer of computer mice. 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fremont (IPA: ) is a city in California which was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the merger of five smaller communities: Centerville, Irvington, Mission San Jose, Niles, and Warm Springs. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The logo of the National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. ... Logitechs Silicon Valley office in Fremont Logitech International S.A. (SWX: LOGN, NASDAQ: LOGI), headquartered in Romanel-sur-Morges, Switzerland, is the holding company for Logitech Group, one of the industry leaders in the personal peripheral market. ...

Family

Engelbart has four chidren, Gerda, Diana, Christina and Norman with his late wife, Ballard, and currently has nine grandchildren.

See also

• Andries van Dam
• British Computer Technology Awards
• Collaborative software
• Computer-supported collaboration
• History of the graphical user interface
• Hypertext Editing System
• Intelligence amplification
• Ivan Sutherland
• Jeff Rulifson
• System Dynamics
• Ted Nelson

• Interview with Doug Engelbart, April 13, 2006 (audio)

Andries Andy van Dam is a professor of computer science and former Vice-President for Research at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. ... The British Computer Technology Awards are an awarding body for outstanding achivement by UK technology businesses and projects. ... Collaborative software is software designed to help people involved in a common task achieve their goals. ... Computer-supported collaboration (CSC) research focuses on technology that affect groups, organizations communities and societies, e. ... The graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey), is a computer interface that uses graphic icons and controls in addition to text. ... HES is also for Historical European Swordsmanship. ... Intelligence amplification (IA) refers to the process of enhancing human intelligence through the use of technology. ... Ivan Sutherland Ivan Sutherland, working at MIT (1963) Ivan Edward Sutherland (born 1938 in Hastings, Nebraska) is a computer programmer and Internet pioneer. ... Johns F. (Jeff) Rulifson (born August 20, 1941) is a computer scientist largely known for his involvement at the Augmentation Research Center, at then-named Stanford Research Institute (now SRI International) in implementing the On-Line System (NLS), a system that foreshadowed many future developments in modern computing and networking. ... System Dynamics is an approach to understanding the behaviour of complex systems over time. ... Ted Nelson at OpenTech, London, 2005 Theodor Holm Nelson (born 1937) is an American sociologist, philosopher, and pioneer of information technology. ... Image File history File links DougEngelbart041306_part1. ...

References

1. ^ Thierry Bardini & Michael Friedewald, Chronicle of the Death of a Laboratory: Douglas Engelbart and the Failure of the Knowledge Workshop, History of Technology 23, 2002, p193.

Thierry Bardini, a sociologist, is an associate professor in the Department of Communication at the Université de Montréal, Canada, where he co-directs the Workshop in Radical Empiricism (with Brian Massumi). ... History of Technology is an annual periodical devoted to publishing papers on all aspects of the field of technology. ...

External links

• The Man behind the Mouse (featured on BBC News Online)
• Bootstrap Institute Bio and Curriculum Vitae
• Engelbart's Unfinished Revolution; Dec 1998 at Stanford University
• The Unfinished Revolution: Strategy and Means for Coping with Complex Problems; Jan-March 2000 Colloquium at Stanford University
• The History of Doug Engelbart and Interactive Computing
• The Study of Engelbart: An Educational Networked Improvement Community California State University Student Wiki studying Engelbart, Directed by Valerie Landau
• As We May Work from IBM Symposium site
• Column by Robert X. Cringely
• Wired article: The Click Heard Round The World
• Transcript of 2003 visit to San Jose State University
• Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality, by Randall Packer
• Doug Engelbart: Father of the Mouse
• Doug Engelbart 1968 Demo Original 90-minute video from MouseSite
• Doug Engelbart 1968 Demo on Google Video
• A Fairly Extensive Set Of Links
• OpenAugment Consortium, dedicated to the preservation of the Augment system
• SRI mouse
• Nerd TV, Inventer of the mouse hour long video interview by Robert X. Cringely
• Channel9 @MSDN Interview with Douglas Engelbart.
• "A Manifesto for Collaborative Tools", by Eugene Eric Kim
• "Douglas Engelbart interview"