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Encyclopedia > Duchy of Cornwall
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The banner of the Duchy of Cornwall.
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The arms of the Duchy of Cornwall.
The arms of the Duchy of Cornwall.
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Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Duke_of_Cornwall. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Duke_of_Cornwall. ... Image File history File links Duchy_of_Cornwall-coa. ... Image File history File links Duchy_of_Cornwall-coa. ... Image File history File links Circle-question. ...

Duchy Estate

The Duchy of Cornwall is one of the two Royal duchies in England (with the Duchy of Lancaster). The true nature of the duchy, and whether it should be considered to be in England, is a matter of dispute within Cornwall. The eldest son of the reigning monarch automatically becomes Duke of Cornwall upon the accession to the throne of his royal parent. The current Duke of Cornwall is also The Prince of Wales. A duchy is a territory, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... A not-so-nice duchy. ... Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. ... Prince Charles redirects here. ...


The Duke of Cornwall uses the term (although the right to do so is challenged within the current dispute) to describe what is said to be a property company[citation needed] (though it pays no corporation tax), and has holdings throughout the country, with possessions totalling 571 km² (or 135,000 acres). Nearly half of the holdings are in Devon, with other large holdings in Cornwall, Herefordshire, and Somerset. Annual profit in 2004 was £13,143,000. The Dukedom of Cornwall was the first dukedom created in the peerage of England. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... Corporation tax is a tax levied in the United Kingdom on the profits made by UK-resident companies and associations. ... Devon is a large county in South West England, bordered by Cornwall to the west, Dorset and Somerset to the east. ... Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. ... Herefordshire is a historic and ceremonial county and unitary district (known as County of Herefordshire) in the West Midlands region of England. ... Somerset is a county in the south-west of England. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


As a Crown body, the Duchy is tax-exempt, but since 1993 The Prince has voluntarily paid income tax—at 40%—on his income from it. The Prince had always paid a voluntary contribution to the Treasury of 50% of his Duchy income from the time he became eligible for its full income at the age of 21 in 1969, and 25% after his marriage in 1981. Tax is calculated after deducting business expenditure, the biggest source of which is The Prince's staff of around 90—from private secretaries to a valet—working in his office at Clarence House and at Highgrove House. Detailed records are kept to determine the split between public and private expenditure. A tax exemption is an exemption to the tax law of a state or nation in which part of the taxes that would normally be collected from an individual or an organization are instead forgone. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... An income tax is a tax levied on the financial income of persons, corporations or other legal entities. ... The new eastern entrance to HM Treasury HM Treasury, in full Her Majestys Treasury, informally The Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing the UK Governments financial and economic policy. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... A valet or gentlemans gentleman is a mans male servant. ... Clarence House, London Clarence House is a royal home in London, situated in The Mall. ... Highgrove is the country home of HRH The Prince of Wales, in Gloucestershire. ...


Duchy of Cornwall dispute

For Cornish people (see the constitutional status of Cornwall) and Cornwall (territorial duchy), the Duchy, as argued by the Officers of the Duchy of Cornwall in 1855 in its dispute with the Crown over the ownership of the Cornish Foreshore, has quite a different significance,[1] based on the original Acts and Charters of its creation. Cornwall itself in this framework is described, de jure, as a Duchy (as opposed to an ordinary county), and the Duchy estates are distinguished from the Duchy itself, having themselves been annexed and united to "the aforesaid Duchy". The Duke of Cornwall may even be described as Cornwall's head of state. For example, the Duke traditionally had a ceremonial role in summoning the Cornish Stannary Parliament. The Cornish people are a British ethnic group originating in Cornwall. ... The constitutional status of Cornwall, in the southwest of Great Britain, is the subject of ongoing debate. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in Devon in the Dartmoor area. ...


It should be noted, however, that the administrative machinery of Cornwall almost invariably refers to itself as a county (including, for example, Cornwall County Council itself) in the English language. Although it can be argued that the administrative county and Duchy in this sense are separate, co-existing entities, this should be considered within the context of the Honour (Kingdom/Dukedom) within which exists the necessary infrastructure for administration and taxation (county/shire). The administrative county of Cornwall, therefore, being within the Duchy of Cornwall. The reason why the Royal Commission on the Constitution (Kilbrandon 1973) recommended that Cornwall be officially referred to as 'the Duchy' to recognise expressed concerns over its territorial integrity. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...


The Duchy was established in 1337 by Edward III of England for his son, Edward, Prince of Wales by means of a grant: Charter of 1st Henry IV to Prince Henry, the eldest Son of that King, as follows: We have made and created Henry our most dear first-begotten Son, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester, and have given and granted, and by our Charter have confirmed to him the said Principality, Duchy, and Earldom, that he may preside there, and by presiding, may direct and defend the said parts. We have invested him with the said Principality, Duchy, and Earldom, per sertum in capite et annulum in digito aureum ac virgam auream juxta morem. March 16 - Edward, the Black Prince is created Duke of Cornwall, becoming the first English Duke Beginning of the Hundred Years War (c. ... Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was one of the most successful English kings of medieval times. ... Edward the Black Prince - illustration from Cassells History of England circa 1902 Effigy on the Black Princes tomb in Canterbury Cathedral Edward, Prince of Wales, known as the Black Prince (June 15, 1330 - June 8, 1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England. ... Henry IV can refer to Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV of England Henry IV of France Henry IV of Castile Henry IV, Duke of Breslau or plays by William Shakespeare: Henry IV, part 1 Henry IV, part 2 This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which...


It is commonly understood that the augmentation of the former Earldom of Cornwall into a Duchy occurred on the 17th March 1337 by the First Duchy Charter. Whilst this now appears to be entitled the 'Charter of Creation' it was originally called 'The Great Charter' and within it, it can be seen as referring to the fact of the Duchy as having already been created. This charter is simply an enumeration of what this territorial possession comprises in terms of territory, estates, revenues and rights - both public and private. This was done to remove, as stated within the Charter, any doubt over what the Honor comprised. During the latter period of the Earldom of Cornwall various parts of this territorial possession where granted as separate parcels (e.g. Stannaries, vicecomitatus etc.) and which could have been construed as a severence from the Earldom. The purpose of the First Charter was to show clearly that these still formed part of the Honor.


Both the Duchy of Cornwall and its counterpart, the Duchy of Lancaster (since 1399 held by the monarch in a personal capacity), have special legal rights not available to other landed estates: for example, the rules on Bona Vacantia operate in favour of the holders of the duchies (as opposed to the Crown elsewhere). A not-so-nice duchy. ... Bona vacantia (Latin for vacant goods) is a common law doctrine in the United Kingdom under which ownerless property passes by law to the Crown. ... The Crown is a term which is used to separate the government authority and property of the state in a kingdom from any personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch. ...


In 1780 Edmund Burke sought to curtail further the power of the Crown by removing the various principalities which existed. 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Edmund Burke (January 12, 1729 – July 9, 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, author, orator, political theorist, and philosopher, who served for many years in the British House of Commons as a member of the Whig party. ...

the five several distinct principalities besides the supreme …. If you travel beyond Mount Edgcumbe, you find him [the king] in his incognito, and he is duke of Cornwall …. Thus every one of these principalities has the apparatus of a kingdom …. Cornwall is the best of them….

However, his Parliamentary Bill failed, due to the fact that the current Duke was under age.


Discrepancies in the Great Charter translations

The English translation of the 17th March 1337 Great Charter (or in Latin "Magna Carta"), as deployed in Rowe v Brenton (Manning edition 1830) states that the King's son is "Duke of Cornwall and heir to the Kingdom of England". Magna Carta Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally Great Paper), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English charter originally issued in 1215. ...


A revised Government translation states that the King's son is "Duke of Cornwall in the Kingdom of England" (Halsbury's Laws 1973). Halsburys Laws is the name of a legal encyclopaedia produced by LexisNexis. ...


The Charter Roll of 16th March 1337 announcing the Great Charter said that inspiration was drawn from the time when Cornwall was recognised as being a separate Kingdom, and that the intention was to "restore Cornwall’s original ancient honours".[citation needed]


Today the Duchy states that the "main purpose of the Charter is to create an income for the Duke".


In 1857 the Duchy stated that the three Charters confirm and acknowledge Cornwall as being co-terminous with the Duchy, which is extra-territorial to England and subject to its own chief ruler, law making apparatus and tax raising regime.[citation needed]


Today the Duchy states that "it is merely a collection of private estates".


Halsbury's Laws refer only to the 17th March 1337 Great Charter. Two subsequent Charters of 18th March 1337 and 3rd Jan 1338 confirming that Cornwall was for all time to be subject to its own law-making regime, and not subject to England’s Summons of Exchequer are not referenced. Halsburys Laws is the name of a legal encyclopaedia produced by LexisNexis. ...


Today there is a Parliamentary injunction[citation needed] preventing MP’s from raising questions about, or even attempting to discuss, these matters. In 1997 the Liberal Democrat Andrew George MP attempted to raise a Duchy-related question but he was prevented by an injunction that disallows MPs raising any questions in Parliament that are in any way related to the Duchy. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal political party in the United Kingdom. ... Andrew George Andrew Henry George (born 2 December 1958, Mullion, Cornwall) is a British politician. ... States currently utilizing parliamentary systems are denoted in red and orange—the former being constitutional monarchies where authority is vested in a parliament, and the latter being parliamentary republics whose parliaments are effectively supreme over a separate head of state. ...


In 2006 the case for Cornwall, in respect of alleged violations of the European Convention of Human Rights, Articles 6, (independent and impartial courts); 8, (respect family life); 10, (freedom of expression); 13, (violations by officials); 14 with Protocol 12, (discrimination on the grounds of association with a national minority, property, birth or other status); 17, (the official destruction of rights); Protocol 1 Article 1, (property rights) with 385 supporting documents, was submitted by members of the Cornish Stannary Parliament to the European Court of Human Rights. On the 13th April 2006 the Court stated that it: "will deal with the case as soon as practicable". The European Convention on Human Rights (1950) was adopted under the auspices of the Council of Europe† to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. ... The Stannary Parliaments and Stannary Courts were legislative and legal institutions in Cornwall and in Devon in the Dartmoor area. ... European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by...


See also

This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Dukedom of Cornwall was the first dukedom created in the peerage of England. ... The current Tampon of Cornwall after her wedding to the Prince of Wales The Duchess of Cornwall is the title held by the wife of the Duke of Cornwall. ... Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar. ... This is a list of topics related to the United Kingdom. ... This is a list of topics related to Cornwall, UK. The Cornwall category contains a more comprehensive selection of Cornish articles. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Duchy of Cornwall (3502 words)
The Duchy of Cornwall is one of the two Royal duchies in England (with the Duchy of Lancaster).
Cornwall (Cornish: Kernow) is a county in South West England on the peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar.
The Cornish Stannary Parliament and the Duchy of Cornwall
Duchy of Cornwall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1242 words)
The Duchy of Cornwall is one of the two Royal duchies in England (with the Duchy of Lancaster).
The Duchy was established in 1337 by Edward III of England for his son, Edward, Prince of Wales.
The Cornish Stannary Parliament and the Duchy of Cornwall
  More results at FactBites »

 

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