Duluth, Minnesota
Flag
Location in St. Louis County, Minnesota
Coordinates: 46°47′12.98″N 92°5′53.5″W / 46.7869389, -92.098194
Country	United States
State	Minnesota
County	St. Louis
Founded	1679
Government
- Mayor	Don Ness
Area
- City	87.3 sq mi (226.2 km²)
- Land	68 sq mi (176.10 km²)
- Water	19.3 sq mi (50.01 km²)  22.11%
Elevation	702 ft (214 m)
Population (2000)
- City	86,918
- Density	1,278.1/sq mi (493.3/km²)
- Metro	275,488
Time zone	CST (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes	55801, 55802, 55803, 55804, 55805, 55806, 55807, 55808, 55810, 55811, 55812
Area code(s)	218
FIPS code	27-17000[1]
GNIS feature ID	0661145[2]
Website: www.ci.duluth.mn.us

Duluth is a seaport city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of St. Louis County. The city had a total population of 86,918 in the 2000 census and the metropolitan census including outer suburbs and villages was estimated to be roughly 184,000.^[3] At the westernmost point on the north shore of Lake Superior, Duluth is linked to the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles (3,700 km) away via the Great Lakes and Erie Canal/New York State Barge Canal or Saint Lawrence Seaway passages and is the Atlantic Ocean's westernmost deep-water port.^[4] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 232 pixelsFull resolution (3810 × 1106 pixel, file size: 4. ... St. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... List of Minnesota counties: Minnesota counties Aitkin County Anoka County Becker County Beltrami County Benton County Big Stone County Blue Earth County Brown County Carlton County Carver County Cass County Chippewa County Chisago County Clay County Clearwater County Cook County Cottonwood County Crow Wing County Dakota County Dodge County Douglas... St. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ...  CST or UTC-6 The Central Time Zone observes standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time (UTC-6) and five hours during daylight saving time (UTC-5). ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Mr. ... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... Area code 218 - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Port. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Largest metro area Minneapolis-St. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... St. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ... // The word village has many meanings relating to local government in the United States. ... Split Rock Lighthouse on North Shore of Lake Superior The North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ... The Great Lakes from space The Laurentian Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... The New York Barge Canal is a successor to the Erie Canal and other canals within New York. ... The Eisenhower Locks in Massena, NY. The St. ...

Duluth forms a metropolitan area with Superior, Wisconsin. Called the Twin Ports, these two cities share the Duluth-Superior Harbor and together are one of the most important ports on the Great Lakes, shipping coal, iron ore (taconite), and grain. As a tourist destination for the Midwest, Duluth features America's only all-freshwater aquarium, the Great Lakes Aquarium, the Aerial Lift Bridge which spans the short canal into Duluth's harbor, "Park Point", the world's second longest freshwater sandbar, spanning 6 miles, and is a launching point for the North Shore.^[5] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Fairlawn Mansion, a 42 room mansion built in 1890 by Superiors three-time mayor Martin Pattison, is now a museum Downtown Superior, Duluth is on the horizon. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin are located at the western part of Lake Superior (the westernmost of North Americas Great Lakes). ... Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... This heap of iron ore pellets will be used in steel production. ... Taconite is an iron-bearing, high-silica, flint-like rock. ... Grain redirects here. ... Tourist redirects here. ... This article is about the Midwestern region in the United States. ... “Aquaria” redirects here. ... The Great Lakes Aquarium is the only aquarium in the United States that focuses on freshwater exhibits. ... The Aerial Bridge in 1907 The Aerial Lift Bridge (earlier known as the Aerial Bridge or Aerial Ferry Bridge) is a major landmark in the port city of Duluth, Minnesota. ... For other uses, see Canal (disambiguation). ... Split Rock Lighthouse on North Shore of Lake Superior The North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. ...

The city is named for Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, the first known European explorer of the area. Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut (c. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

History

Pre-founding

Minnesota Point from the hill above Duluth in 1875

Native American tribes had occupied the Duluth area for thousands of years. The original inhabitants are believed to have been members of Paleo-Indian cultures, followed by the "Old Copper" people, who hunted with spear points and knives and fished with metal hooks. Around two thousand years ago, the Woodlands people, known for their burial mounds and pottery, occupied the area. They also cultivated wild rice, a crop that continues to be harvested today by Ojibwe tribes in the region and is often seen being sold in the area, especially in Wisconsin. Duluth's name in the Ojibwe language is Onigamiinssing ("at the little portage") due to the small and easy portage across Minnesota Point between Lake Superior and western Superior Bay forming Duluth's harbor. According to Ojibwe Oral history, Spirit Island located near the Spirit Valley neighborhood was the "Sixth Stopping Place" where the northern and southern branches of the Ojibwe Nation came together and then proceeded to their "Seventh Stopping Place" near the present city of La Pointe, Wisconsin. This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Paleo-Indians is an English term used to refer to the ancient peoples of America who were present at the end of the last Ice Age. ... Examples of Clovis points. ... This article is about the tool. ... Species Zizania aquatica Zizania latifolia Zizania palustris Zizania texana Zizania aquatica L. Hitchc. ... For other uses of Chippewa, see Chippewa (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Anishinaabe language or the Ojibwe group of languages or Anishinaabemowin in Eastern Ojibwe syllabics) is the third most commonly spoken Native language in Canada (after Cree and Inuktitut), and the fourth most spoken in North America (behind Navajo, Cree, and Inuktitut). ... Minnesota Point is a long, narrow peninsula that extends out from the Canal Park area of Duluth, Minnesota, and separating Lake Superior from the St. ... The Saint Louis River is a river in Minnesota that flows into Lake Superior. ... For other uses of Chippewa, see Chippewa (disambiguation). ... Oral history is an account of something passed down by word of mouth from one generation to another. ... La Pointe is a town located in Ashland County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. ...

In 1659, Pierre Esprit Radisson and Médard Chouart des Groseilliers went searching for furs in the Lake Superior region, and visited the area that became today’s Duluth. Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut, the city's namesake, arrived in 1679 to settle rivalries between two Indian nations, the Dakota and the Ojibwa, and to advance fur trading missions in the area. His work allowed for this to occur, with the Ojibwa becoming middlemen between the French and the Dakota. As a result, the area prospered, and as early as 1692, the Hudson's Bay Company set up a small post at Fond du Lac. Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut (c. ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... This article is about the native North American people. ... The fur trade was a huge part in the early economic development of North America. ... This article is about the native North American people. ... middle_man is a program created by Krunch Software with the sole purpose of Enhancing your AIM experience. The AOL Instant Messenger plug-in enhances and extends funtionality of AIM to its users. ... A Sioux in traditional dress including war bonnet, circa 1908. ... Hudsons Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie dHudson in French) is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. ... Fond du Lac is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota. ...

It was not until 1792 that the next trading post, on the Wisconsin side of the St. Louis River, was opened by Jean Baptiste Cadotte of the North West Company. A fire destroyed the post in 1800, but a German émigré, John Jacob Astor, constructed a post on the river's Minnesota side. The store initially floundered as a result of the Indians' insistence in trading with established English and French partners. However, Astor managed to convince the United States Congress to ban foreigners from trading in American territory. His American Fur Company was re-formed in 1816-17. Hard times hit the post once again by 1839 due to fashionable Europeans choosing silk hats over those made from beaver pelts. The Saint Louis River is a river in Minnesota that flows into Lake Superior. ... For the grocery chain, see The North West Company The North West Company a fur trading business headquartered in the city of Montreal in British North America from 1779 to 1821. ... John Jacob Astor, detail of an oil painting by Gilbert Stuart, 1794 John Jacob (originally either Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob) Astor (July 17, 1763 - March 29, 1848) was the first of the Astor family dynasty and the first millionaire in the United States, the creator of the first Trust... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... The American Fur Company was founded by John Jacob Astor in 1808. ...

Two Treaties of Fond du Lac were signed in the present neighborhood of Fond du Lac in 1826 and 1847. As part of the Treaty of Washington (1854) with the Lake Superior Band of Chippewa, the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation was established upstream from Duluth near Cloquet, Minnesota, and the Ojibwa population was relocated there. The Treaty of Fond du Lac may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in Duluth, Minnesota between the United States and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American peoples. ... Fond du Lac is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota. ... The Lake Superior Chippewa (or Gichigamiwininiwag in the Anishinaabe language) were a historical band of Ojibwe Indians living around Lake Superior in what is now the northern parts of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. ... The Fond du Lac Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in northern Minnesota near Duluth in Carlton and St. ... Cloquet is a city located in Carlton County, Minnesota. ... This article is about the native North American people. ...

Permanent settlement

Chester Terrace

Interest in the area was piqued in the 1850s as rumors of copper mining began to circulate. A government land survey in 1852, followed by a treaty with local tribes in 1854, secured wilderness for gold-seeking explorers, sparked a "land rush," and led to the development of iron ore mining in the area. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... The most commonly present source of copper ore is chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), which accounts for about 50% of copper production. ... This heap of iron ore pellets will be used in steel production. ...

Around the same time, newly-constructed channels and locks in the East permitted large ships to access the area. A road connecting Duluth to the Twin Cities was also constructed. Eleven small towns on both sides of the St. Louis River were formed, establishing Duluth's roots as a city. In physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. ... Canal locks in England. ... A map of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. ... The Saint Louis River is a river in Minnesota that flows into Lake Superior. ...

By 1857, copper resources became scarce, and the area's economic focus shifted to timber harvesting. A nation-wide financial crisis led to nearly three quarters of the city's early pioneers leaving. Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood...

In the late 1860s, a financier Jay Cooke (after whom the Jay Cooke State Park is named), convinced the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad to create an extension from St. Paul to Duluth. The railroad opened areas due north and west of Lake Superior to iron ore mining. Duluth's population on New Year's Day, 1869 consisted of fourteen families; by the Fourth of July, 3,500 people were present to celebrate. Jay Cooke (August 10, 1821-February 8, 1905), American financier, was born at Sandusky, Ohio, the son of Eleutheros Cooke (1787-1864), a pioneer Ohio lawyer, and Whig member of Congress from that state in 1831-1833. ... Jay Cooke State Park is a Minnesota State Park located about ten miles southwest of Duluth, Minnesota, just outside of the small town of Thomson, Minnesota. ... The Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad was the first rail link between the Twin Cities and Duluth and came into existence in 1863 when financier Jay Cooke selected Duluth as the northern end of a new railroad. ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ... This heap of iron ore pellets will be used in steel production. ... These fireworks over the Washington Monument are typical of Fourth of July celebrations In the United States, Independence Day, also called the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. ...

Twentieth century

The J.B. Ford storing and the J.A.W. Iglehart offloading cement.

Duluth and area, from Enger Tower.

Subsequently the city throve, and the hillside and downtown areas developed and expanded. In the 1900s, the city's port passed New York City in gross tonnage handled, elevating it to being the leading port in the United States. Meanwhile, there were ten newspapers, six banks, and an eleven-story skyscraper, the Torrey Building, already present in the town. In 1907, U.S. Steel announced that a $5 – $6 million plant would be constructed in the area. Although steel production only began eight years later, predictions held that Duluth's population would rise to 200,000 to 300,000. With the plant came Morgan Park, a once-independent company town that now stands as a city neighborhood. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 447 pixelsFull resolution (1550 × 867 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 447 pixelsFull resolution (1550 × 867 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other uses, see Cement (disambiguation). ... Picture of Duluth, MN taken in July 2004 from Enger Tower File links The following pages link to this file: Duluth, Minnesota Categories: GFDL images ... Picture of Duluth, MN taken in July 2004 from Enger Tower File links The following pages link to this file: Duluth, Minnesota Categories: GFDL images ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X) is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States and Central Europe. ... Morgan Park is a neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota. ...

In the early twentieth century, Duluth was home to one of the largest Finnish communities in the world outside of Finland. For decades, a Finnish-language daily newspaper taking the namesake of the old Grand Duchy of Finland's pro-independence leftist paper, Päivälehti, was published in the city. The area was also settled by Immigrants from Ireland, Poland, Serbia, Italy, Ukraine, Romainia, Norway, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Austria, Croatia, England, and Russia. Language(s) Finnish, Swedish Languages related to Finnish include Estonian, Karelian, Vepsian, Võro and to a lesser extent, all Finno-Ugric Languages. ... Päivälehti was a newspaper in Finland, which was then a Grand Duchy under the Czar of Russia. ...

On June 14, 1920 The Duluth lynchings took place on 1st Street and 2nd Avenue East. is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

During much of the twentieth century, the city was an industrial port town, with a cement plant, nail mill, wire mills, and the U.S. Steel plant. In 1916, during World War I, a shipbuilding plant on St. Louis River produced eight vessels simultaneously. A neighborhood was formed around this operation, today known as Riverside. Similar industrial operations were heightened during the Second World War. Population growth continued after the war, with a peak of 106,884 reached in 1960. The city experienced strong immigrant influx, and the Finnish IWW community published a widely read labor newspaper Industrialisti. From 1907 to 1941 the Finnish Socialist Federation, and then the IWW operated Work People's College, an educational institution that taught classes from a working class perspective. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X) is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States and Central Europe. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Language(s) Finnish, Swedish Languages related to Finnish include Estonian, Karelian, Vepsian, Võro and to a lesser extent, all Finno-Ugric Languages. ... The IWW Label A Wobbly membership card The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international union headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, having much in common with anarcho-syndicalist unions, but also many differences. ... Industrialisti was the official daily newspaper of the Industrial Workers of the World. ... A Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Church folk school founded, September 1903, in Minneapolis, Minnesota served as a predecesor for Work Peoples College. ...

Coffee shop and skyway in downtown Duluth

Due to foreign competition, the U.S. Steel plant closed in 1987, presenting a major blow to the city. Duluth is often cited as "where the Rust Belt begins," and other industrial activity followed suit with more closures, including shipbuilding, heavy machinery, and the Air Force base. Within a decade, unemployment rates surged to 15 percent, emptying local stores and creating long job application lines. This was particularly hard on Duluth's West Side, where the Eastern and Southern European immagrants had traditionally occupied for decades. Download high resolution version (600x642, 100 KB)Coffeeshop and skyway in downtown Duluth, Minnesota (taken Oct. ... Download high resolution version (600x642, 100 KB)Coffeeshop and skyway in downtown Duluth, Minnesota (taken Oct. ... In an urban setting, a skyway, catwalk, or skywalk, is a type of pedway consisting of an enclosed (or covered) bridge between two buildings. ... The United States Steel Corporation (NYSE: X) is an integrated steel producer with major production operations in the United States and Central Europe. ... Manufacturing Belt, highlighted in red The Rust Belt, a term coined from Manufacturing Belt, is an area in parts of the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States of America. ... Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ...

With the decline of the city's industrial core, the local economic focus shifted to tourism. The downtown was renewed with red brick streets and skywalks, and old warehouses along the waterfront were converted into cafés, shops, and restaurants, forming Canal Park as a largely tourism-oriented district. Tourist redirects here. ... A skyway is a path that is traversed without touching the ground. ... Both tourists and locals enjoy the Lakewalk Lake Walk in spring Canal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota. ...

The Untold Delights of Duluth

Early doubts about the potential of the Duluth area were voiced in the speech The Untold Delights of Duluth, made by former U.S. Representative J. Proctor Knott of Kentucky on January 27, 1871 in the U.S. House; the speech against the St. Croix and Superior Land Grant lampooned Western boosterism, portraying Duluth as an Eden in fantastically florid terms.^[6] The speech has been reprinted in collections of folklore and humorous speeches and is regarded as something of a classic. The nearby city of Proctor, Minnesota is named for Congressman Knott. James Proctor Knott (1830 - June 18, 1911) was the Attorney General of Missouri at the outset of the American Civil War and Governor of Kentucky from 1883 to 1887. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Boosterism is the act of huge boobs or promoting, ones town, city, or organization, with the goal of improving public perception of it. ...

Duluth, Minnesota's unofficial sister city, Duluth, Georgia, was named by Evan P. Howell in humorous reference to Representative Knott's speech. Originally called Howell's Crossroads in honor of his grandfather Evan Howell, the town had in 1871 just finished getting a railroad to the town, and the 'Delights of Duluth' speech was still popular. A picture from the annual Duluth Fall Festival Duluth is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, and a suburb of Atlanta located in the Metro Atlanta area. ... Evan P. Howell Categories: American politician stubs | Mayors of Atlanta ...

Proctor Knott is sometimes credited with characterizing Duluth as the "zenith city of the unsalted seas," but the honor for that coinage belongs to journalist Thomas Preston Foster, speaking at a Fourth of July picnic in 1868.^[7]

Geography

Minnesota Point or Park Point

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 87.3 square miles (226.2 km²). It is Minnesota's second largest city in terms of land area, surpassed only by Hibbing. Of its 87.3 square miles, 68.0 square miles (176.1 km²) or 77.89% is land and 19.3 square miles (50.0 km²) or 22.11% is water. Duluth's canal connects Lake Superior to the Duluth-Superior harbor and the St. Louis River. The Aerial Lift Bridge connects Canal Park with Minnesota Point ("Park Point"). Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Minnesota Point is a long, narrow peninsula that extends out from the Canal Park area of Duluth, Minnesota, and separating Lake Superior from the St. ... Park Point is a neighborhood and sandbar in Duluth, Minnesota. ... The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ... Hibbing is a city in St. ... Both tourists and locals enjoy the Lakewalk Lake Walk in spring Canal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota. ... Minnesota Point is a long, narrow peninsula that extends out from the Canal Park area of Duluth, Minnesota, and separating Lake Superior from the St. ... Park Point is a neighborhood and sandbar in Duluth, Minnesota. ...

Steep 1st Avenue East viewed from the Lakewalk in Canal Park

Duluth's geography is dominated by a rather steep hill which represents a transition from the elevation of Lake Superior's beach to that of the inland. It is also known as the San Francisco of Minnesota.^{[citation needed]} For example, the Sky Harbor airport's weather station, near the lake on the Park Point sandbar (at 6 miles (9.65 km) is the second longest freshwater sand bar in the world) has an elevation of 607 feet (185 m),^[8] while Duluth International Airport atop the hill is at 1,427 feet (435 m).^[8] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 1146 KB) Duluth, Minnesota photo from Canal Park (Duluth) March 31, 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x2112, 1146 KB) Duluth, Minnesota photo from Canal Park (Duluth) March 31, 2006 I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Both tourists and locals enjoy the Lakewalk Lake Walk in spring Canal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota. ... A technician examines a weather stations anemometer. ...

As a result, Duluth is primarily a southwest-northeast city. A considerable amount of development on the hill's upslope gives Duluth a reputation for steep streets. Some neighborhoods, such as Piedmont Heights and Bayview Heights, are atop the hill, at times giving scenic views of the city. The Goat Hill neighborhood overlooking the 'can of worms' freeway interchange around 18th Avenue West is an example of this; another is the skyline neighborhood above downtown from 5th to 10th Avenues West. Perhaps the most rapidly developing part of the city is a commercial mall and big-box retailer shopping strip "over the hill", the Miller Trunk corridor. Re-construction of U.S. 53 is scheduled within the next 5 years to alleviate congestion in this part of Duluth. Piedmont Heights is one of Duluth, Minnesotas newer neighborhoods. ... Bayview Heights is a primarily residential neighborhood in Duluth, Minnesota. ... Photo looking towards the Miller Hill Mall from the Burning Tree Plaza, around the center part of the corridor The Highway 53 or Miller Trunk Corridor refers to a large agglomeration of retail development in Duluth and Hermantown, Minnesota, on and around U.S. Highway 53, and by extension, Minnesota...

Climate

Shoreline in April

The city's climate is known for long, cold winters and cool summers. The nickname "The Air-Conditioned City" is given to Duluth due to the cooling effect that Lake Superior has on it during the summer months. During the winter months, temperatures often remain below freezing for periods of weeks. A normal winter brings consistent snow cover from December through March. Winter storms that pass south or east of Duluth can often set up easterly or northeasterly flow. Upslope lake-effect snow events can bring a foot (30 cm) or more of snow to the city while areas 50 miles (80 km) inland receive considerably less. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 452 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 452 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

Lakewalk carriage ride in May

Summers are cool and comfortable, with daytime temperatures averaging in the 70s–80s °F range (20–30 °C) due to the cooling easterly winds of the lake (as opposed to occasional temperatures over 90 °F (32 °C) inland, although temperatures may remain below 50 °F (10 °C) during afternoons as late in the year as June along the Lake Superior shore, even when the inland temperature is in the 70s °F (mid-20s °C). The phrase "cooler by the lake" can be heard often in weather forecasts during the summer, especially on days when an easterly wind is expected. Due to the specific heat of the huge lake, seasons are substantially delayed, with November often much warmer than April. Great local variations are also common, due to the rapid change in elevation between the hill and shore-side. It can be snowing at the Miller Hill Mall and pouring rain in Canal Park at the same time.
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Demographics

Herb Bergson, former Mayor of Duluth, walking to an anti-poverty rally in November 2005

Duluth and its environs are experiencing moderate population growth.^[10] As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 86,918 people, 35,500 households, and 19,915 families residing in the city.^[3] The population density was 1,278.1 inhabitants per square mile (493.5/km²). There were 36,994 housing units at an average density of 544.0/sq mi (210/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.65% White, 1.63% Black or African American, 2.44% Native American, 1.14% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.29% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. 1.06% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 18.5% were of German, 16.0% Polish, 14.5% Norwegian, 10.9% Swedish, 7.2% Italian, 7.1% Irish, 6.9% Finnish, 6.9% Serbian, and 6.8% Croatian ancestry according to Census 2000. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 630 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (768 × 1024 pixel, file size: 630 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... Hispanic Americans (Spanish: Hispano Americano) are Americans of Hispanic ethnicity who largely identify with the Hispanic cultural heritage. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... Serbian Americans are citizens of the United States who are of Serbian ancestry. ... The United States 2000 Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

There were 35,500 households out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.9% were non-families. 34.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.90. Matrimony redirects here. ...

In the city the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 16.2% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,766, and the median income for a family was $46,394. Males had a median income of $35,182 versus $24,965 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,969. About 8.6% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over. The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Economy

The Str. American Victory (then, the Middletown) on Lake Superior

Duluth is the regional hub not only for its own immediate area, but also for a large area encompassing northeastern Minnesota, northwestern Wisconsin, and the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It remains a major transportation center for the transshipment of coal, taconite, agricultural products, steel, limestone, and cement. In recent years it has seen strong growth in the transshipment of wind turbine components coming and going from manufacturers in both Europe and North Dakota, and in oversized industrial machinery manufactured all around the world and destined for the tar sands oil extraction projects in northern Alberta. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 1536 pixel, file size: 1. ... For the the Quebec municipality, see Lac-Supérieur. ... The Arrowhead Region of Minnesota is comprised of Carlton, Cook, Lake and St. ... The Upper Peninsula of Michigan, also known as The Upper Peninsula, The U.P. (or The UP), and Above the Bridge by Michiganders, refers to the northern peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

The city is a popular center for tourism. Duluth is a convenient base for trips to the scenic North Shore via Highway 61, or to fishing and wilderness expeditions in Minnesota's far north, including the Superior National Forest and the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness. Tourists also may drive on the North Shore Scenic Drive to visit Gooseberry Falls State Park, Isle Royale National Park via ferry or visit Grand Portage National Monument in Grand Portage, Minnesota. Thunder Bay, Canada can be reached by following the highway into Canada along Lake Superior. Split Rock Lighthouse on North Shore of Lake Superior The North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the southwestern end of the lake to Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, in the north to Sault Ste. ... Minnesota State Highway 61 is a state highway in Minnesota. ... Superior National Forest is a National_Forest located in Northeastern Minnesota between the U.S.-Canadian Border and Lake Superior. ... Canoes on Saganaga Lake The Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW or BWCA, sometimes simply the bee-dub) is a 1. ... The North Shore Scenic Drive is an All-American Road that follows St. ... Gooseberry Falls State Park is a Minnesota state park on the north shore of Lake Superior. ... Isle Royale National Park is a U.S. National Park in the state of Michigan. ... Grand Portage National Monument, located within the boreal forest on the north shore of Lake Superior in northeastern Minnesota, preserves a vital center of fur trade activity and Anishinaabeg Ojibwe heritage dating back to the 18th century. ...

Arts

Duluth's Graffiti Graveyard

Local attractions include a variety of arts opportunities. Museums include the Duluth Art Institute at the Duluth Depot, the Tweed Museum of Art at the University of Minnesota Duluth, and smaller local art galleries scattered around the city. See the List of Museums in Duluth. Duluth is also home to a professional ballet company, the Minnesota Ballet. Duluth shares a symphony orchestra with Superior, Wisconsin, the Duluth Superior Symphony Orchestra[1]. In summer there are often free concerts held in Chester Park where local musicians play for crowds, and the Bayfront Blues Festival is held in early August. Beginning in 2004, Duluth has celebrated Gay Pride with a parade on Labor Day weekend. The city celebrates the Homegrown Music Festival the first week in May each year. Started in 1998, the festival features over 130 local musical acts performing across the city. There also exists under a section of I-35 a stretch of graffiti know as the Graffiti Graveyard.^[11] Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) is a regional branch of the University of Minnesota System located in Duluth, Minnesota, USA. As Duluths public research university, UMD offers 12 bachelors degrees in 75 majors, graduate programs in 20 fields, a two-year program at the School of Medicine... US Territories       See also       External links South Pacific Memorial Park - Agana Ponce Museum of Art - Ponce Fort Christian - Charlotte Amalie List of notable museums and galleries List of museums focused on African Americans List of creationist museums List of natural history museums List of philatelic museums List of railway museums... A ballet company is a group of dancers who perform ballets. ... The Minnesota Ballet is a ballet company and school located in Duluth, Minnesota. ... Front line of Gay Pride parade in Paris, France; June 2005 Gay pride or LGBT pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity. ... 2004 Gay Pride Parade in São Paulo, Brazil. ... This article is about the holiday in the United States. ... The Homegrown Music Festival is Duluth, Minnesotas annual showcase of local bands. ... For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ...

Sports

NFL redirects here. ...

Professional sports history

Duluth once fielded a National Football League team called the Kelleys (officially the Kelley Duluths after the Kelley-Duluth Hardware Store) from 1923-1925 and the Eskimos (officially Ernie Nevers' Eskimos after the early NFL great, their star player) from 1926-1927. The Eskimos were then sold and became the Orange Tornadoes (Orange, New Jersey). This bit of history became the basis for the 2008 George Clooney/Renee Zellweger movie, "Leatherheads." NFL redirects here. ... Duluth, Minnesota fielded a team called the Kelleys (officially the Kelley Duluths after the Kelley-Duluth Hardware Store) from 1923-1925 and the Eskimos (officially Ernie Nevers Eskimos after their star player) from 1926-1927 in the National Football League. ... Ernest Nevers (1903 - 1976) was a U.S. football player. ... The Orange Tornadoes played the 1929 National Football League season in Orange, New Jersey. ... Map of City of Orange in Essex County The City of Orange Township is a City in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. ...

The Duluth-Superior Dukes of the Northern League Independent Professional Baseball played in West Duluth's Wade Stadium from the League's inception in 1993 until 2002 when the team moved to Kansas City and became the Kansas City T-Bones. The Dukes were Northern League Champions in 1997. The Northern League, based out of the midwest, was also in operation off and on from 1902 to 1971, with the longest stint from 1932-1971. The Dukes were a farm team for the Detroit Tigers from 1960-1964, and several other teams in later years, before the Northern League folded in 1971. The Dukes produced notable players such as Denny McClain, Al Kaline, Bill Freehan, Gates Brown, Ray Oyler, Jim Northrup, Mickey Stanley, John Hiller, and Willie Horton, all who were members of the 1968 world champion Detroit Tigers. The Kansas City T-Bones minor league baseball team is based out of Kansas City, Kansas and is located near the Kansas Motor Speedway. ... This article refers to the modern Northern League. ... Wade Stadium is a baseball field located at Grand Ave & 34th AW in Duluth, Minnesota. ... The Kansas City T-Bones minor league baseball team is based out of Kansas City, Kansas and play in CommunityAmerica Ballpark near the Kansas Speedway. ...

Amateur sports

The University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldog hockey games are a major event in town during the cold Duluth winter. Games used to be televised locally, and thousands watch the games in person at the Duluth Entertainment Convention Center (DECC). Several Bulldogs have gone on to success in the National Hockey League, including hockey great Brett Hull. In addition, the UMD Women's ice hockey team has won three consecutive NCAA National Championships (2001-2003). The 2003 Women's Frozen Four was played at the DECC, where the Bulldogs defeated Harvard on a dramatic double-overtime goal by Nora Tallus in front of a sellout home crowd. The University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) is a regional branch of the University of Minnesota System located in Duluth, Minnesota, USA. As Duluths public research university, UMD offers 12 bachelors degrees in 75 majors, graduate programs in 20 fields, a two-year program at the School of Medicine... Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ... Duluth Entertainment Convention Center (DECC) is a 5,333-seat multi-purpose arena in Duluth, Minnesota. ... NHL redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Duluth Huskies are a college summer wood bat league baseball team which is based in Duluth and plays in the Northwoods League. The team plays its home games at Wade Stadium. They are made up from some of the top college baseball players in the country, playing 34 home games each summer between June and August. The Duluth Huskies are a college-level summer baseball team based in Duluth, Minnesota. ... This article is about the sport. ... It has been suggested that Northwoods League Umpires be merged into this article or section. ... Wade Stadium is a baseball field located at Grand Ave & 34th AW in Duluth, Minnesota. .